Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) CAS 624-49-7

Bread mold prevention: Dimethyl fumarate performs well in preventing mold on bread, and its effect far exceeds traditional preservatives such as calcium propionate. Under the same storage conditions, bread with dimethyl fumarate added can maintain a mold free appearance for 475 days, while bread with calcium propionate added can only maintain it for 16-30 days. This is mainly due to the ability of dimethyl fumarate to inhibit various common molds in food, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, and Fusarium graminearum, effectively extending the shelf life of bread.

Other food anti mold: In addition to bread, dimethyl fumarate has also been used for anti mold, anti-corrosion, and preservation of fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, and other foods. It has a good inhibitory effect on mold, yeast, and bacteria, which can prevent food from spoiling due to microbial contamination during storage and transportation. For example, adding dimethyl fumarate to meat products can inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold, reduce food spoilage and odor production, and maintain the freshness and taste of meat.
Mechanism of action: The antibacterial activity of dimethyl fumarate is in its molecular state, which can smoothly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms, enter the cell, inhibit microbial cell division, and suppress microbial respiration by inhibiting enzyme activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC), hexose phosphate pathway (HMP), and fermentation pathway (EMP), thereby effectively controlling microbial growth and reproduction.

Advantages of anti mold effect: Dimethyl fumarate has a better anti mold effect on feed than acidic preservatives such as propionate, sorbic acid, and benzoic acid. In PDA medium containing 500-800ppm, it can completely inhibit many molds and bacteria. Adding dimethyl fumarate to feed can effectively prevent nutrient loss and quality degradation caused by mold contamination during storage, ensuring the healthy growth of livestock and poultry.
Application method: Dimethyl fumarate is usually added to feed in a certain proportion, and through uniform mixing, it is evenly distributed in the feed to exert its anti mold effect. In practical applications, it is necessary to determine the appropriate amount of dimethyl fumarate based on factors such as the type of feed, storage conditions, and storage time.

Leather, footwear, and textile mold prevention: Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) is widely used in domestic products, and many footwear, leather furniture, and home textiles products are packaged in moisture-proof bags containing this ingredient for moisture and mold prevention. It can inhibit the growth of mold on the surface of leather, shoes, and textiles, prevent products from producing odors, discoloration, and damage due to mold, and extend the service life of products.

Mold prevention of traditional Chinese medicinal materials: Traditional Chinese medicinal materials are easily contaminated by mold during storage, which affects their quality and efficacy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for anti mold treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, by inhibiting the growth of mold, maintaining the dryness and purity of traditional Chinese medicine, and ensuring the stability of its quality.
Cosmetics anti mold: Cosmetics contain rich nutrients and can easily become a breeding ground for microorganisms. The antibacterial properties of dimethyl fumarate can be applied in cosmetics to prevent contamination by mold and bacteria during storage and use, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of cosmetics.

Low toxicity and high efficiency: Dimethyl fumarate has the characteristic of low toxicity, with an LD50 (oral administration to rats) of 2240 mg/kg. After entering the human body, it quickly becomes a normal metabolic component fumarate, with high safety. At the same time, it has a good inhibitory effect on more than 30 types of molds, yeasts, and bacteria, making it an efficient anti mold and preservative.
Broad spectrum antibacterial: Its antibacterial spectrum is extensive, and it has inhibitory effects on various common molds, yeasts, and bacteria, which makes it highly advantageous in anti mold and anti-corrosion applications in different industrial fields.

Dual effects of contact sterilization and fumigation sterilization: Dimethyl fumarate has strong biological activity and sublimation properties, therefore it has dual effects of contact sterilization and fumigation sterilization. This feature enables it to exert anti mold and anti-corrosion effects under different environmental conditions, especially suitable for enclosed spaces or product packaging with high anti mold requirements.
Good heat resistance and wide pH range: It can be used in the pH range of 3-8 and has good heat resistance, which enables it to maintain stable anti mold and anti-corrosion effects under different industrial production environments and storage conditions.

Drug status and usage: Dimethyl fumarate is a widely used disease modifying therapy (DMT) oral medication for multiple sclerosis (MS). Its efficacy and safety features have been supported by over ten years of experience, with nearly 600000 patients worldwide receiving treatment with dimethyl fumarate, making it the DMT drug with the highest number of patients worldwide. The drug was approved for use in China in 2021 and included in the Chinese medical insurance reimbursement list in 2022, providing a new treatment option for multiple sclerosis patients in China.

Mechanism of action: Dimethyl fumarate mainly exerts immune regulation and cell protection by activating the Nrf2 pathway. It can regulate cytokine expression and immune cell subtypes, transforming the immune system from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory, thereby reducing the inflammatory response in patients with multiple sclerosis. At the same time, it can also counteract oxidative stress damage, protect neurons and oligodendrocytes from death, help delay the progression of multiple sclerosis, and reduce disease recurrence.

Efficacy and safety: Compared with other oral multiple sclerosis drugs such as fingolimod and teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate has better efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis recurrence, and has advantages such as high safety and good tolerability. In terms of hematology and infection risk, patients receiving treatment with dimethyl fumarate do not increase the risk of opportunistic infections, and severe lymphocyte depletion is very rare. It will not weaken the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, and will not increase the risk of serious infection with COVID-19.

Adverse event management: Gastrointestinal reactions and flushing may be the main adverse events of dimethyl fumarate, but can be managed through consultation/patient education, symptomatic treatment, and gradual adjustment of dosage. For example, gastrointestinal adverse events can be prevented or relieved by taking them with food, gradually increasing the dosage to the standard dose, symptomatic treatment, or temporary reduction; Redness can be prevented or relieved by taking it with food or treating it symptomatically (such as aspirin or antihistamines).