Hesperidin Powder CAS 520-26-3

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Hesperidin powder, molecular formula C28H34O15, CAS 520-26-3, also known as dihydroflavonol glycoside or hesperidin, is a chemical compound extracted from dried young fruits of the Rutaceae plant Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties or sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). It is a crystalline powder with a white or light yellow color, which may vary slightly depending on the preparation method and purity. Under specific conditions (such as precipitation at pH 6-7), hesperidin can appear as colorless fine dendritic needle shaped crystals. This crystal morphology and color characteristics contribute to the preliminary determination of its purity and structure. It has good solubility in certain organic solvents, such as pyridine, dimethylformamide, and formamide, especially at higher temperatures (such as 60 ℃). However, its solubility in water is extremely low, and 1 gram of hesperidin can only dissolve in 50 liters of water, which limits its direct application in water-based products. In addition, it is slightly soluble in methanol and hot acetic acid, but almost insoluble in solvents such as acetone, benzene, and chloroform. Due to its unique physical properties and extensive biological activity, it has important application value in multiple fields. In the field of medicine, it is used as an adjuvant therapy for cardiovascular diseases, which has the effects of reducing cholesterol, protecting capillaries, and preventing microvascular rupture and bleeding. At the same time, it is also one of the main raw materials of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations "Maitong". In the food industry, it can be used as a natural antioxidant to extend the shelf life of food. In the cosmetics industry, hesperidin is widely used in skin care products due to its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. It has the effects of preventing frostbite, inhibiting plaque formation, and reducing bad breath. In addition, it can prevent ultraviolet radiation and can be used for sunscreen products.

Hesperidin powder, also known as hesperidin or dihydroflavonol glycoside, is a bioflavonoid compound extracted from the peel of citrus fruits such as lime and sweet orange. Due to its rich biological activity and diverse functions, hesperidin has a wide range of applications in multiple fields.

3. Other therapeutic effects

Treatment of venous diseases:

can be used to treat premenstrual syndrome, venous lower limb ulcers, chronic venous insufficiency, joint edema and other diseases.

Improving microcirculation:

It can reduce blood viscosity, accelerate blood flow rate, and thus improve microcirculation stasis.

Neuroprotection:

It inhibits neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), mediating neuroprotection by enhancing neurotrophic factors and antioxidant defenses, while reducing neuroinflammation and apoptosis.

4. Food industry 

 

5. Cosmetics field

(1) Skin conditioner

It is mainly used as a skin conditioner in cosmetics and skincare products, which can improve skin texture and make the skin smoother and more delicate.

(2) Antioxidant

Has strong antioxidant capacity, can eliminate free radicals, reduce oxidative damage to skin cells, and thus delay the aging process.

(3) Sunscreen agent

It can prevent lipid peroxidation of skin cells caused by ultraviolet radiation, reduce the risk of erythema and skin cancer, and therefore can be used in the development of sunscreen cosmetics and skincare products.

(4) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory

The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects make it applicable in antibacterial hygiene products, which can inhibit the formation of dental plaque and reduce bad breath at the same time

Citrus aurantium is one of the raw materials for extracting hesperidin, which is a fine yellow brown powder with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti frostbite effects. Citrus aurantium, recorded on page 172 of the 2005 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a dried young fruit of the Rutaceae plant sour orange and its cultivated varieties or sweet oranges. It is a commonly used folk Chinese herb with the effects of resolving phlegm, dispersing phlegm, dispelling qi, and eliminating accumulation.

Report 1:

 

 

The preparation method for extracting hesperidin powder from 4 tons of Fructus Aurantii includes the following steps:

(1)

Weigh 4 tons of fine powder of Fructus Aurantii and pour it into an extraction tank, then level it up;

 

(2)

Prepare a 4-fold alkaline solution of the raw material, which is fine powder of Fructus Aurantii. The density of sodium carbonate in this alkaline solution is 2kg/m3, and the density of 30% liquid alkali is 1.5kg/m3. Pump this alkaline solution from the bottom coil of the tank into the extraction tank, and when the solution is exposed to the material surface, switch to the surface coil until the liquid pump is complete; After 1.5 hours of dynamic immersion, drain the liquid from the extraction tank; Thoroughly flip the contents of the tank using the cross flipping method and shake the bottom fence to loosen the fine powder adhered to the fence surface;

 

(3)

Prepare a 4-fold alkaline solution of raw materials. The density of sodium carbonate in this alkaline solution is 1.5kg/m3, and the density of 30% liquid alkali is 0.5kg/m3. Pump this alkaline solution from the bottom coil of the tank into the extraction tank. When the solution is exposed to the material surface, switch to the bottom coil until the liquid pump is complete; Open the steam valve and introduce steam into the bottom and middle of the tank for boiling; After boiling, adjust the size of the upper and lower steam valves according to the steam pressure gauge data to maintain boiling in the tank for 30 minutes. Close the steam valve and drain the boiling liquid at a rate of 15m3/h;

 

(4)

Prepare a 25 fold alkaline solution of raw materials, with a density of 1.5kg/m3 for sodium carbonate and 0.5kg/m3 for 30% liquid alkali. When the boiling liquid in step (3) is discharged to the liquid surface, inject the alkaline solution from the material surface into the tank for filtration treatment, and control the liquid flow rate to 3.8m3/h; Stop adding liquid after processing 10 times the amount, and let the liquid in the tank permeate completely; Thoroughly flip the contents of the tank using the cross flipping method and shake the bottom fence to loosen the fine powder on the fence surface;

 

(5)

Inject the remaining alkaline solution used in step (4) from the bottom until the solution is just exposed to the material surface, then use a sodium carbonate solution with a density of 2kg/m3 to inject into the tank from the material surface for a second filtration treatment, and control the liquid flow rate to 3.8m3/h. The filtration treatment is qualified when no suspended solids precipitate when the filtrate is added to hydrochloric acid and adjusted to a pH between 3-4. The filtration treatment period is not less than 15 hours; Filter the liquid in the tank and thoroughly flip the contents of the tank once;

 

(6)

Prepare 25 times the amount of hesperidin extract from the raw material, which is a sodium hydroxide solution with a density of 13kg/m3. Pump the hesperidin extract into the extraction tank for hesperidin extraction and collect the discharged liquid. The extraction cycle is 15 hours;

 

(7)

Adjust the pH value of the effluent from step (6) to between 5-6 using hydrochloric acid, and stir the effluent until hesperidin precipitates;

 

(8)

After allowing the solution processed in step (7) to stand for 2 hours, remove the clear solution from above, pump the remaining crystallization solution into a plate and frame machine for filtration and drying, and then place it in a drying room for drying. At this point, 460kg of hesperidin with a purity of 90% -95% is obtained.

 

Report 2

Extraction process of hesperidin:

S1, Preparation of alcohol solution:

Prepare an alcohol solution by mixing 5 parts of methanol, 2 parts of ethanol, and 1 part of isobutanol.

S2, Crushing:

Firstly, select Fructus Aurantii containing 5.61% hesperidin as the raw material, with a dosage of 100kg. Then, the raw material is subjected to ultra-high pressure gas explosion, with a pressure of 60MPa.

S3, Extraction:

Under 80 ℃ conditions, the raw material and strong alkali solution are mixed and reacted for 5 minutes for degumming treatment. The concentration of the strong alkali solution is 8mol/L, and the raw material and strong alkali solution are mixed in a ratio of 12mL of strong alkali solution per gram of raw material. After the degumming is completed, an alcohol solution is added at 60 ℃.

At this time, the mixture obtained by mixing the raw material, strong alkali solution, and alcohol solution contains 1 gram of raw material per 100 mL of solution.After mixing, the high-speed homogenization method was used for supercritical fluid extraction, with a rotational speed of 700 revolutions per minute. The pressure for supercritical fluid extraction is 20MPa, the temperature is 50 ℃, the entrainer is acetone, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide is 15L/min. Simultaneously, the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment, with a frequency of 30KHz used for ultrasound. The extraction time is 4 hours

 

 

S4, Purification:

Filter the extracted liquid to obtain a filtered solution, and then perform quantum resonance molecular collision for 30 minutes. The temperature inside the quantum resonance molecule collision ion reaction kettle is first raised from 0 ℃ to 47 ℃ and then lowered from 47 ℃ to 0 ℃., Then the filtered liquid is concentrated again, with a concentration factor of 5. After concentration, DM130 macroporous adsorption resin was used for further purification. The flow rate of the concentrated solution was 1.3 mL/min, and the pH range was 10.4. The eluent was a mixed solution of 30% ethanol and 72% methanol, with a ratio of 1:4. After elution, dilute hydrochloric acid was used to adjust the pH value of the eluent to 3.2. Finally, filtration and drying were carried out to obtain 4.49 kg of hesperidin, with a purity of 98.3% and an extraction efficiency of 80.0%.

Report 3:

 

The content of matrine and hesperidin powder in Fructus Aurantii immaturus is 1.34% and 4.94%, respectively.

 

After drying, crush the Fructus Aurantii to below 10 mesh and weigh 100kg.

 

Add 400L of petroleum ether and mix. Reflux the mixture at 70 ℃ for 40 minutes and filter through a ceramic membrane to obtain the filtrate.

 

Then, petroleum ether was removed by vacuum concentration to obtain essential oil of Fructus Aurantii immaturus.

 

Mix the filtered residue of Fructus Aurantii with 250L of 20% ethanol aqueous solution, which also contains 0.0001mol/L sodium hydroxide.

 

Reflux extraction at 45 ℃ for 40 minutes, filter through a ceramic membrane once to obtain the filtrate, repeat the process again, and combine the filtrate to obtain 400L of mixed extract.

 

Concentrate the extract to obtain 50L of concentrated solution I. Use KLFC-150 macroporous resin to adsorb the concentrated solution and wash it with an ethanol aqueous solution containing 40% ethanol and 0.001mol/L NaOH to obtain 120L of eluent I.

 

Concentrate eluent I to 15L under reduced pressure at 50 ℃ to obtain concentrated solution II.

 

Then, wash the KLFC-150 macroporous resin with an ethanol aqueous solution containing 60% ethanol and 0.0001mol/L NaOH to obtain 200L of eluent II.

 

Then concentrate eluent II under reduced pressure at 50 ℃ to 20L, obtaining concentrated solution III.

Adjust the pH value of concentrated solution II to around 7.5 with 0.01mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, let it stand overnight at 4 ℃ for crystallization, and filter it through a ceramic membrane once to obtain 0.885kg of matrine sample.Adjust the pH value of concentrated solution III to around 6 with 0.01mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, let it stand overnight at 4 ℃ for crystallization, and filter it once through a ceramic membrane to obtain 3.65kg of hesperidin sample.The detection equipment is Agilent 1100 high-performance liquid chromatograph, and the chromatographic column is H-type ODS (250mm × 4.6mm, 5 μ).

 

The detection conditions for hesperidin are as follows: the mobile phase is water: acetonitrile: acetic acid solution (80:16:4, V/V), the detection wavelength is 280nm, the flow rate is 1ml/min, and the injection volume is 20 μ L;The liquid chromatography detection conditions of Simulink are as follows: the mobile phase is acetonitrile: water: 0.1% sodium hydroxide solution (32:68:0.2, V/V), the detection wavelength is 225nm, the flow rate is 1ml/min, and the injection volume is 20 μ L.The purity of hesperidin sample is 95.54%, and the product yield exceeds 70%. The purity of the celastrol sample is 97.25%, and the product yield exceeds 60%.

Hesperidin powder is a remarkable natural compound with a wide range of chemical properties, pharmacological effects, and industrial applications. As a flavonoid abundantly found in citrus peels and fruits, it exhibits strong antioxidant activity, good stability under moderate conditions, and favorable compatibility with various formulation matrices, laying a solid foundation for its extensive use across multiple sectors. Pharmacologically, hesperidin demonstrates a diverse array of beneficial effects. It protects the cardiovascular system by improving vascular endothelial function, enhancing capillary integrity, and helping to maintain healthy blood lipid levels, thereby supporting overall circulatory health.

As a potent antioxidant, it effectively scavenges free radicals, reduces oxidative stress, and protects cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it exerts notable anti‑inflammatory and anti‑allergic effects by modulating inflammatory mediators and stabilizing mast cells, making it useful in alleviating inflammatory responses and allergic reactions. Hesperidin also shows antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and viruses, and emerging evidence suggests potential anticancer properties through the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis pathways.Owing to these versatile biological activities, hesperidin has become a valuable ingredient in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical field, it is used in preparations targeting cardiovascular health, venous insufficiency, and inflammatory conditions.

In the food industry, it serves as a natural antioxidant, preservative, and functional additive to enhance product stability and nutritional value. In cosmetics, it is incorporated into skincare formulations for its antioxidant, anti‑aging, and skin‑soothing properties. However, despite its numerous benefits, safe and responsible use of hesperidin is essential.Adherence to recommended dosage guidelines is crucial to minimize the risk of potential side effects, which may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

 

Consulting healthcare professionals before use, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, those with underlying medical conditions, or those taking other medications, is strongly advised to ensure safety and avoid unwanted interactions. As research on hesperidin continues to advance, driven by growing interest in natural bioactive compounds, it is highly likely that new applications and therapeutic benefits of this versatile natural compound will be uncovered. Further studies may reveal its potential in additional disease areas, formulation technologies, and industrial uses, further highlighting its importance in the fields of health, wellness, and sustainable product development.

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