Esculin, molecular formula C15H16O9, CAS 531-75-9. It is a compound extracted from specific plants, particularly commonly found in the bark of the Aesculus hippocastanum L. In a pure state, it appears as white needle shaped crystals or powder. This crystalline form indicates that its molecular structure has a certain degree of orderliness and stability. Seven leaf saponins, which exhibit blue fluorescence in aqueous solutions with a pH value greater than 5.8, including aes culin, frax etin, fraxin, stylosin, syringin, and other coumarin compounds. It also contains tannins and alkaloids.
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Chemical Formula |
C15H16O9 |
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Exact Mass |
340 |
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Molecular Weight |
340 |
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m/z |
340 (100.0%), 341 (16.2%), 342 (1.8%), 342 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 52.95; H, 4.74; O, 42.31 |
Soluble in organic solvents such as hot alcohol, methanol, pyridine, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid (hydrate), this characteristic provides convenience for its application in the pharmaceutical and chemical fields. However, its low solubility in water indicates weak hydrophilicity, which is related to the non-polar part of its molecular structure. A bitter flavoring agent. This product is hydrolyzed and hydrogenated to obtain naringin dihydrochalcone as a sweetener, with a sweetness about 150 times that of sucrose. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, analgesic and other activities, and has a significant diuretic effect on mice. It can inhibit aldose reductase in rat lenses and is a growth inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis. It also has an inhibitory effect on chemical carcinogenesis.
Application areas of this
Esculin, as a compound with extensive pharmacological activity, has shown unique value and potential in fields such as medicine, cosmetics, and health products.
1. Anti inflammatory effect:
Qinpi Jia Su has significant anti-inflammatory activity and can effectively inhibit the production and release of various inflammatory factors. Research has shown that Qinpi Jia Su can inhibit the inflammatory response of rats with intraperitoneal injection of carrageenan induced, dextrose induced, serotonin induced, and histamine induced arthritis, with inhibition intensities of 35%, 28%, 20%, and 8%, respectively. In addition, Qinpi Jia Su also has an inhibitory effect on formaldehyde induced arthritis, but its effect is slightly weaker.
2. Diuretic effect:
Qinpi Jia Su has a significant diuretic effect on mice, and various administration routes can enhance the excretion of uric acid in rats and rabbits. This effect is of great significance for the treatment of urinary system diseases such as nephritis and urinary tract stones. At the same time, Qinpi Jia Su can also lower blood pressure, enhance capillary resistance, reduce capillary fragility, lower blood lipids, dilate coronary arteries, increase coronary blood flow, etc. It also has a certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.
3. Antibacterial effect: Qinpi Jia Su has inhibitory effects on various bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. This characteristic makes Esculin have potential application value in the treatment of bacterial dysentery, tracheitis and other infectious diseases.
4. Analgesic effect: Qinpi Jia Su has a certain analgesic effect, which has inhibitory effects on the formation of granulomas in rats, erythema reaction caused by ultraviolet radiation on the back of guinea pigs, and increased capillary permeability caused by histamine. This characteristic provides a natural analgesic for pain patients.
5. Relieve skin aging: Qinpi Jia Su has antioxidant activity and prevents chemically induced carcinogenesis, which makes it have potential application value in the cosmetics field. In skincare products, quercetin can serve as an antioxidant, effectively clearing free radicals and delaying the aging process of the skin.
6. Enhancing skin resistance: For the skin itself, it can reduce damage from the external environment to the skin. In cosmetics, Qinpi Jia Su can be used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. In addition, Qinpi Jia Su also has whitening and freckle removing effects, which can improve problems such as uneven skin tone and dullness.
7. In the field of health products, as a natural extract, its safety and efficacy have been widely recognized. In the field of health products, Qinpi Jia Su can serve as a nutritional supplement, providing a variety of bioactive substances that are beneficial to the human body. For example, it can serve as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial supplement to help enhance the human immune system; Meanwhile, it can also serve as an adjunct to diuretics and antihypertensive drugs, helping to improve symptoms in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
8. The inhibitory effect of chemical carcinogenesis: Qinpi Jia Su has an inhibitory effect on chemical carcinogenesis, which provides a possibility for its application in cancer prevention and treatment.
9. Other fields: In addition to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and health products, Qinpi Jia Su also has certain application value in other fields. For example, in microbiology, quercetin can be used for the isolation and identification of Enterococcus (Group D Streptococcus). In addition, Qinpi Jia Su can also be used as a chemical reagent, analytical reagent, etc., playing an important role in scientific research and industrial production.
Esculin, also known as horse chestnut bark glycoside, seven leaf spirit or seven leaf glycoside, is a natural product extracted from specific plants. It has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, and analgesic, and has broad application prospects in fields such as medicine, cosmetics, and health products. Therefore, researching and developing synthetic methods for quercetin is of great significance for meeting market demand and promoting the development of related industries. As a compound with extensive pharmacological activity, its synthesis method has always been a focus of attention in scientific research and industrial fields.
The synthesis method of Qinpi Jia Su
The synthesis methods of quercetin mainly include multiple pathways such as extraction from plants, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis. The specific steps and characteristics of these methods will be introduced separately below.
1. Extract from plants
Extracting quercetin from plants is the most direct and commonly used method. The ethanol reflux extraction method is generally used. Firstly, the raw materials of Qinpi are crushed and a certain concentration of ethanol is added for reflux extraction. After the extraction solution undergoes steps such as concentration and crystallization, high purity Qinpi Jia Su can be obtained. This method is simple and easy to implement, with low cost, but it is greatly affected by the source of raw materials and extraction conditions, and the purity is often difficult to meet the requirements of industrial applications.
2. Chemical synthesis method
Chemical synthesis is a method of synthesizing quercetin through chemical reactions. At present, various chemical synthesis routes have been reported, but most synthesis routes are cumbersome, have harsh conditions, high costs, and are prone to producing by-products and waste, causing certain environmental pollution. Here is a relatively simple and cost-effective chemical synthesis method:
- (1) Raw material preparation: Select appropriate starting materials, such as coumarin compounds.
- (2) Reaction steps: Under the action of a catalyst, the molecular structure of quercetin is gradually constructed through chemical reaction steps such as addition, oxidation, and reduction. The specific reaction conditions include temperature, pressure, reaction time, solvent, etc., which need to be optimized according to experimental conditions and product requirements.
- (3) Post treatment: After the reaction is completed, crude Qinpi Jia Su is obtained through steps such as filtration, washing, and drying. Then, purification steps such as recrystallization and chromatographic separation are carried out to improve the purity and quality of the product.
- (4) Inspection and characterization: By analyzing methods such as melting point, specific rotation, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., the product is inspected and characterized to ensure that its structure and purity meet the requirements.
The chemical synthesis method has the advantages of a wide range of raw material sources, controllable reaction conditions, and high product purity. However, due to the multiple reaction steps, harsh conditions, and high cost, its industrial application is limited.
3. Biosynthesis method
Biosynthesis is a method of synthesizing quercetin using microbial or plant cell culture techniques. This method has the advantages of a wide range of raw material sources, environmental friendliness, and mild reaction conditions.
At present, various microorganisms and plant cells have been used for the biosynthesis research of quercetin. For example, through genetic engineering technology, microbial metabolic pathways can be modified to synthesize quercetin;
Alternatively, using plant cell culture techniques to simulate the plant's internal environment in vitro and promote the synthesis of quercetin. However, the biosynthesis method still faces problems such as low yield, long cycle, and poor stability, which require further research and optimization.
4. Comparison and selection of synthesis methods
Extraction, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis from plants are the three main methods for the synthesis of quercetin. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and need to be selected based on specific application needs and actual situations. The extraction method from plants is simple, feasible, and cost-effective, but it is greatly influenced by the source of raw materials and extraction conditions;
The chemical synthesis method has a wide range of raw materials, controllable reaction conditions, and high product purity, but the steps are cumbersome, the conditions are harsh, and the cost is high; The biosynthesis method has a wide range of raw materials, is environmentally friendly, and has mild reaction conditions, but its yield is low, cycle time is long, and stability is poor. Therefore, when choosing a synthesis method, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as cost, yield, purity, and environmental friendliness to choose the most suitable method.
Esculin mainly comes from the dry bark and branch bark of plants in the Oleaceae family, as well as some parts of plants in the Aesculaceae, Asteraceae, and Rubiaceae families. High purity of quercetin can be obtained through traditional plant extraction and purification techniques.
01.Plant sources
Qinpi Jia Su mainly comes from various plants, especially Oleaceae plants. Specifically, it can be extracted from the dry bark and branches of plants such as Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Fraxinus szaboana Lingelsh., or Fraxinus stylosa Lingelsh. These plants are mainly distributed in Northeast China, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and the Yangtze River Basin, and are mostly wild or cultivated.
In addition, it can also be extracted from the bark of the Aesculus hippocastanum L., the whole grass of the Cichorium intybus L. in the Asteraceae family, and the Hymenodictyon excelsum in the Rubiaceae family. The diversity of these plant sources not only provides abundant resources for the extraction of quercetin, but also lays the foundation for the study of its pharmacological activity.
02.Extraction and purification
The extraction of quercetin mainly relies on traditional plant extraction techniques, such as boiling, soaking, reflux, etc. During the extraction process, organic solvents such as ethanol and methanol are usually used to extract effective components from plants. After the extraction solution undergoes steps such as concentration and crystallization, it can obtain high purity Qinpi Jia Su.
The purification process mainly includes techniques such as crystallization, recrystallization, and chromatographic separation. These technologies can effectively remove impurities from the extraction solution and improve the purity and quality of quercetin. For example, through thin layer chromatography technology, qualitative and quantitative analysis of Qinpi Jia Su can be carried out to ensure the quality and stability of the product.
03.Pharmacological activity and application
Qinpi Jia Su has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, analgesic, etc. These activities make quercetin have broad application prospects in the pharmaceutical field. For example, it can be used to treat diseases such as bacterial dysentery and tracheitis;
Meanwhile, due to its diuretic effect, it can also be used to treat urinary system diseases such as nephritis. In addition, Qinpi Jia Su can also be used to prepare drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and its naturally extracted characteristics make it safe to use with minimal toxic side effects
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the function of it?
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As medication, this is sometimes used as a vasoprotective agent. This is also used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria), as all strains of Group D Streptococci hydrolyze æsculin in 40% bile.
Is this a sugar?
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This belongs to the family of Glycosyl Compounds. These are carbohydrate derivatives in which a sugar group is bonded through its anmoeric carbonA to another group via a C-, S-,N-,O-, or Se- glycosidic bond.
What is another name for this med?
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Aesculin, also called æsculin or this name, is a coumarin glucoside that naturally occurs in the trees horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California buckeye (Aesculus californica), and prickly box (Bursaria spinosa).
What are the benefits of esculetin?
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Thsi is an essential plant-derived natural product that has been widely used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral.
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