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Sodium butyrate powder is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H7O2Na, CAS 156-54-7, The molecular weight is 110.0869. The appearance is white or off white powder, with a special cheese like rancid odor and hygroscopicity. The density is 0.96 g/mL (25/4 ℃), the melting point is 250-253 ℃, and it is easily soluble in water and ethanol. Maintain beneficial microbial flora in the gastrointestinal tract.
Butyric acid inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria through cell membranes, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, and maintains a positive balance in the gastrointestinal microbiota; Provide a fast energy source for intestinal cells. Butyric acid is the preferred energy of intestinal cells, which is absorbed in the intestinal lumen and quickly provides energy to intestinal epithelial cells through oxidation;
As a deacetylase inhibitor, it can increase the level of histone acetylation. Studies have found that it can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote tumor cell aging and apoptosis, which may be related to its increased histone acetylation. And it has been applied in clinical research on tumors. Can be widely used for adding animal feed.

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Chemical Formula |
C4H7NaO2 |
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Exact Mass |
110 |
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Molecular Weight |
110 |
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m/z |
110 (100.0%), 111 (4.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 43.64; H, 6.41; Na, 20.88; O, 29.07 |
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Sodium butyrate powder is a multifunctional compound with wide applications in various fields such as medicine, feed, food, cosmetics, and plant growth. The following is a detailed introduction to all uses and application examples of sodium butyrate.
Pharmaceutical uses of sodium butyrate
anti-inflammatory effect
Sodium butyrate is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can effectively reduce swelling and pain caused by inflammation. It reduces the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of some inflammatory mediators. This characteristic makes sodium butyrate play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Analgesic effect
Sodium butyrate has significant analgesic effects and can alleviate various degrees of pain, such as headaches, joint pain, toothache, etc. Its analgesic mechanism may be by affecting nerve conduction and reducing pain perception. This makes sodium butyrate have broad application prospects in the field of pain treatment.
Antibacterial effect
Sodium butyrate also has a certain antibacterial effect and can be used to treat some infectious diseases, such as urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection, etc. It inhibits bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. This characteristic makes sodium butyrate have certain potential in antibacterial therapy.
Sedative and Hypnotic Effects
Sodium butyrate has a certain sedative and hypnotic effect and can be used to treat symptoms such as insomnia and anxiety. Its sedative hypnotic mechanism may be related to the regulation of neurotransmitters and receptors. This makes sodium butyrate have certain application value in improving sleep quality and alleviating anxiety.

Antiepileptic effect
Sodium butyrate reduces the frequency and intensity of epileptic seizures by inhibiting excessive neuronal excitation. This characteristic makes sodium butyrate play an important role in the treatment of epilepsy. However, sodium butyrate may cause some adverse reactions such as headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, etc. In severe cases, liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, etc. may occur. Therefore, when using sodium butyrate, it is necessary to follow the doctor's advice and not use it without authorization or adjust the dosage arbitrarily to avoid unnecessary adverse drug reactions.
Improve intestinal health
Sodium butyrate can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in animal intestines, while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota, and reducing the incidence of intestinal diseases. In piglet breeding, adding sodium butyrate can effectively reduce piglet diarrhea rate and improve survival rate.
Promote intestinal development
Sodium butyrate can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal mucosal cells, increase the height of intestinal villi, deepen crypt depth, expand the digestion and absorption area of the intestine, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients, and promote animal growth. In broiler farming, adding sodium butyrate can promote more complete intestinal development and improve feed utilization efficiency. At the same time, sodium butyrate can increase the depth of crypts in animal duodenum, improve the integrity of mucosal epithelial cells in jejunum and ileum, make intestinal villi thicker, enhance the activity of mucosal absorptive cells, and repair damaged intestinal mucosal cells.
Enhance immunity
Sodium butyrate enhances the immune response ability of animals by regulating the function of intestinal immune cells, enabling them to better resist pathogen invasion, improve disease resistance, reduce disease occurrence, and lower breeding costs. In the breeding of fattening pigs, the use of sodium butyrate can accelerate the growth rate of pigs and improve the quality of meat.
Improve production performance
Sodium butyrate can increase animal feed intake, accelerate daily weight gain, reduce feed to meat ratio, and improve meat quality. Adding sodium butyrate to the feed of laying hens, as the dosage increases, the egg production of laying hens continues to increase, and the feed egg ratio gradually decreases, but it has no effect on egg weight. The typical odor of sodium butyrate is in line with the preferences of young animals, especially piglets, making it an effective natural food attractant and widely used in the breeding industry.
Improve feed quality
Sodium butyrate can improve the palatability of feed, increase animal feed intake, and to some extent prevent feed mold and prolong the storage time of feed.
Improve the efficiency of aquaculture
By promoting animal growth, reducing disease occurrence, improving the production performance of farmed animals, and ultimately enhancing the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry, it has been widely used in fields such as aquaculture and livestock breeding.
Application of Sodium Butyrate in Food
Flavor
Sodium butyrate has a special flavor and can be used to improve the flavor and taste of food. Adding sodium butyrate to some fermented foods, dairy products, etc. can give the product a unique flavor and enhance its market competitiveness.
Preservative
Due to its antibacterial properties, sodium butyrate powder can inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in food, thereby extending the shelf life of food and improving its safety and stability. Sodium butyrate can be used in some foods that require a longer shelf life, such as bread, pastries, etc.
Application of Sodium Butyrate in Cosmetics
In the field of cosmetics, sodium butyrate can be used in some cosmetics due to its ability to regulate cellular function and other properties, playing a role in regulating skin oil secretion, improving skin microbiota, and helping to maintain skin health. Sodium butyrate may be used in skin care products such as face cream and lotion to nourish and protect the skin.
Application of Sodium Butyrate in Plant Growth Regulation
Research has found that sodium butyrate also has a certain regulatory effect on plant growth and may be involved in the process of plant growth and development. Sodium butyrate has potential application value as a plant growth regulator in agricultural production. However, the application of sodium butyrate in plant growth regulation is still in the research and exploration stage, and further experiments and studies are needed to verify its effectiveness and mechanism.
Specific application examples of sodium butyrate
Application examples in livestock and poultry breeding
(1) Adding sodium butyrate to piglet feed
Adding sodium butyrate to piglet feed can effectively reduce piglet diarrhea rate and improve survival rate. At the same time, sodium butyrate can promote the development of piglets' intestines, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients, and thus promote the growth of piglets. Research has shown that adding an appropriate amount of sodium butyrate to piglet feed can significantly improve their growth rate and feed conversion rate.
(2) Adding sodium butyrate to broiler feed
Adding sodium butyrate to broiler feed can significantly improve the intestinal health and production performance of broiler chickens. Sodium butyrate can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and maintain the balance of intestinal microbiota. At the same time, sodium butyrate can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal mucosal cells, increase the height of intestinal villi and crypt depth, expand the digestion and absorption area of the intestine, and improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption. These effects collectively promote the growth and development of broiler chickens.
(3) Adding Sodium Butyrate to Fattening Pig Feed
Adding sodium butyrate to the feed of fattening pigs can significantly improve their growth rate and meat quality. Sodium butyrate enhances the immune response and disease resistance of fattening pigs by regulating the function of intestinal immune cells. At the same time, sodium butyrate can increase the feed intake and feed conversion rate of fattening pigs, and reduce the feed to meat ratio. These effects collectively promote the growth and development of fattening pigs and improve breeding efficiency.

2. Application examples in aquaculture
Sodium butyrate is also widely used in aquaculture to improve the intestinal health and growth performance of farmed animals. For example, in shrimp and crab aquaculture, adding sodium butyrate can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the shrimp and crab intestines, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and improve intestinal immunity. At the same time, sodium butyrate can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal mucosal cells in shrimp and crab, increase the digestion and absorption area of the intestine, and improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption. These effects collectively promote the growth and development of shrimp and crabs, improving the efficiency of aquaculture.
3. Application examples in the food industry
In the food industry, sodium butyrate is used as a seasoning and preservative. For example, adding sodium butyrate to some fermented foods and dairy products can give the products a unique flavor and taste. At the same time, sodium butyrate can also inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in food, extending the shelf life of food. This makes sodium butyrate have a wide range of application prospects in the food industry.
4. Application examples in the cosmetics industry
In the cosmetics industry, sodium butyrate powder is used as one of the ingredients in skincare products. It utilizes characteristics such as regulating cellular function to regulate skin oil secretion and improve skin microbiota. At the same time, sodium butyrate can provide nourishment and protection for the skin, helping to maintain skin health. This makes sodium butyrate have potential application value in the cosmetics industry.
plant growth
After sodium butyrate enters the rhizosphere soil of crops such as rice, it can significantly increase the population of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). These functional microorganisms are the core drivers of hydrogen sulfide generation in the rhizosphere, and sodium butyrate provides them with high-quality carbon sources and energy substrates, promoting the proliferation of sulfate reducing bacteria and significantly increasing the gene expression of sulfite reductase (SiR), ultimately enabling sustained and stable release of hydrogen sulfide in the rhizosphere soil.

This hydrogen sulfide generation method driven by endogenous microorganisms completely avoids the drawbacks of difficult concentration control, short action time, and uneven distribution when hydrogen sulfide gas is directly applied externally. It can provide warm and sustained signal stimulation for plants over a long period of time.
During the metabolic transformation process of rhizosphere microorganisms, sodium butyrate gradually decomposes into small molecule organic acids, slightly adjusting the pH value of the rhizosphere soil and fine-tuning the alkaline calcareous soil rhizosphere environment towards neutrality. This change can significantly enhance the availability of trace elements such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc in the soil, reduce the fixation of phosphorus elements in the soil, and release the trace elements originally wrapped in the soil lattice back into an effective state that can be absorbed by plant roots.
In the calcareous soil experiment in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, the application of 15kg/ha sodium butyrate in corn fields increased the available iron content in the rhizosphere soil by 42% and the available zinc content by 35%, resulting in a significant decrease in the incidence of yellow leaf disease during the crop seedling stage. At the same time, the metabolic process of rhizosphere microorganisms involving sodium butyrate can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the synthesis of humus in soil,
promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. In experiments conducted in arid and semi-arid regions, the addition of sodium butyrate to the rhizosphere soil increased the field water holding capacity by 12% -18% compared to the control, providing additional soil physical support for crop drought resistance and moisture preservation.
FAQ
What is sodium butyrate used for?
Sodium butyrate mitigates mucosal inflammation and oxidative status, restores the damaged epithelial barrier, and modulates visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility.
Use of Sodium Butyrate and Its Microencapsulated Forms in ...
What foods are high in butyrate?
Some foods that boost butyrate production include cooked and cooled potatoes, rice, and beans, butter and dairy products, underripe bananas and plantains, and some whole grains.
Can butyrate help with weight loss?
Studies have shown that butyrate suppressed food intake, which contributed to reduce body weight and fat mass (117, 122).
Does sodium butyrate heal a leaky gut?
Leaky gut syndrome is believed to cause an array of uncomfortable symptoms, including gastrointestinal distress and low energy levels. By keeping the gut lining healthy, butyrate may be a key means of how to heal leaky gut.
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