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From the interdisciplinary perspective of materials chemistry and geobiological mimicry, sodium silicate powder is far from being a simple inorganic adhesive. Its essence is an amorphous basic silicate glass. The siliconate ions (SiO₄⁴⁻) released upon hydration will undergo complex polymerization-condensation reactions and spontaneously form a three-dimensional network gel structure with Si-O-Si bridge bonds as the core.
This process simulates an accelerated version of the lithification process in geology, and the final silicon-oxygen framework it forms has an astonishing structural similarity to natural opal or microcrystalline quartz. Its least-known value lies in the high-temperature ceramic field: as a binder for precision casting, it does not simply undergo sintering upon heating and dehydration. Instead, it undergoes a glass phase transformation and reacts with the surface of refractory aggregates (such as zirconia or corundum) at temperatures above 1000°C, generating a thin and heat-shock-resistant zirconium silicate or aluminum silicate transition layer, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the mold under the intense thermal shock of the metal melt.
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Chemical Formula |
Na2O3Si |
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Exact Mass |
122 |
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Molecular Weight |
122 |
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m/z |
122 (100.0%), 123 (5.1%), 124 (3.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
Na, 37.67; O, 39.32; Si, 23.01 |
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Sodium silicate powder is a chemical substance with unique chemical properties. It has a wide range of applications and plays an indispensable role in many industries.
Construction industry
Sodium silicate has a wide range of applications in the construction industry, mainly used in the following areas:
Concrete waterproofing and soil solidification: Sodium silicate can react with calcium ions to form insoluble calcium silicate hydrates, effectively sealing the pores of concrete and improving the durability and waterproofing of building materials. At the same time, it can enhance the structural stability of soil and play a key role in soil solidification and foundation reinforcement.
Cement additive: As a cement additive, sodium silicate can improve the impermeability, corrosion resistance, and durability of concrete. It is also used to configure fast drying cement and heat-resistant mortar to meet specific engineering requirements.Refractory materials: Sodium silicate is an important raw material for manufacturing refractory materials, such as acid resistant cement, waterproof oil, refractory bricks, etc. These materials can maintain stability under high temperature conditions, effectively preventing the spread of flames and heat.
Chemical industry field
In the field of chemical engineering, sodium silicate is also widely used, mainly including the following aspects:
Manufacturing of silicate products: Sodium silicate is widely used in the production of various silicate products such as silica gel, white carbon black, zeolite molecular sieve, sodium metasilicate, silica sol, etc. It is an important basic raw material for silicon compounds.
Catalyst carrier: In chemical production, sodium silicate can be used as a catalyst carrier to support and disperse active components, improving catalytic efficiency.
Ingredients of detergent: Sodium silicate is an important component in industrial detergents, which has the characteristics of softening water quality and strong cleaning power. It can effectively remove dirt and grease, and improve the washing effect. At the same time, it can also be used as one of the raw materials of synthetic detergents to enhance the anti-corrosion and stability of foam of detergents.
Water treatment agent: Sodium silicate can be used as a flocculant in water treatment, effectively removing hardness ions and suspended solids from water, and preventing scaling in water pipes and heat exchange systems. In addition, it also has a certain bactericidal and algaecidal function, which helps to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of water quality.
Light industry
In light industry, the application of sodium silicate is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Detergent manufacturing: Sodium silicate is an essential component of detergents such as laundry detergent and soap. It can be added as a filler to laundry soap, effectively buffering alkalinity and reducing the dissolution loss of laundry soap in water. At the same time, it can enhance washing ability and help prevent soap from spoiling.
Paper industry: Sodium silicate is commonly used for bleaching pulp and recycling waste paper in the papermaking process. It helps to improve the strength and durability of paper, as well as enhance the smoothness of the paper surface and printing adaptability during surface gluing. In addition, sodium silicate can also be used as a filler in papermaking, providing the required strength and smoothness to the paper.
Textile industry: Sodium silicate powder plays a role in dyeing, bleaching, and sizing in the textile industry. It can improve the whiteness and glossiness of fibers, enhance the dimensional stability of textiles. Meanwhile, sodium silicate can also be used as a degreasing and fireproofing agent for textiles, improving their safety and durability.
Mechanical industry
In the mechanical industry, the application of sodium silicate is mainly reflected in casting, grinding wheel manufacturing, and the production of metal preservatives. As a sand mold binder, sodium silicate is used to manufacture sand molds for precision castings, which can improve the surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy of castings. In addition, it is also used in the production of metal preservatives, which helps to extend the service life of metals.
In the field of agriculture
In the field of agriculture, the application of sodium silicate is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Silicon fertilizer manufacturing: Sodium silicate can be used to manufacture silicon fertilizers, providing the necessary silicon element for plants. Silicon is one of the important nutrients for plant growth, which helps to improve plant stress resistance and yield.
Soil conditioner: Sodium silicate can also be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil structure and increase fertility. It helps to improve soil permeability and water retention capacity, creating favorable environmental conditions for plant growth.
Adhesive application
Sodium silicate, as a good adhesive, plays a key role in multiple industries. It can be used to bond materials such as cardboard boxes, cardboard, wood, ceramic products, etc., improving the structural strength and stability of products. At the same time, sodium silicate can also be used as a binder for materials such as glass, asbestos, plywood, etc., to meet specific engineering requirements.
Other applications
In addition to the application fields mentioned above, sodium silicate also has the following applications:
Leather production: Adding sodium silicate during the leather production process, its dispersed colloidal SiO2 helps to produce soft leather. This helps to improve the quality and comfort of leather.
Food industry: In the food industry, sodium silicate can be used to preserve eggs and prevent microorganisms from entering the gaps in the eggshell and causing spoilage. This helps to extend the shelf life of eggs and ensure food safety.
Food preservation: In the food industry, besides being used to preserve eggs, water glass can also be used for the preservation of other foods. It can form a protective film and prevent the invasion and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby extending the shelf life of food and ensuring food safety.
Sugar industry: In the sugar industry, sodium silicate can effectively remove pigments and tree lipids from sugar solution, improving the purity and quality of sugar solution.
Petroleum extraction: Sodium silicate can be used as an additive in drilling fluids during petroleum drilling. It can stabilize the wellbore and prevent collapse, while helping to carry drilling cuttings and maintain the fluidity of drilling fluid. This helps to improve the efficiency and safety of oil extraction.
Wood treatment: Sodium silicate can be used as a wood preservative and flame retardant. It can penetrate the interior of wood and extend its service life, while improving the safety and fire resistance of wood.
Ceramics and Glass Industry: Sodium silicate is used as a binder and plasticizer in ceramic glazes, which helps to improve the smoothness and strength of the glaze surface. In glass manufacturing, sodium silicate is used as a clarifying agent to help remove impurities from the glass and improve its transparency and quality.
Specific applications of sodium silicate aqueous solution in water glass
Water glass, as an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, has some specific applications:
Metal anti-corrosion: When water glass is coated on a metal surface, it reacts with the metal and forms a protective film. This thin film can effectively prevent the metal from being corroded by substances such as acid and alkali, thereby extending the service life of the metal.
According to their physical states, sodium silicate can be divided into two categories: liquid sodium silicate and solid sodium silicate.
Liquid Sodium Silicate
Liquid Na2O · nSiO2 is distinguished based on the different ratios of quartz sand and alkali, as well as the different types of alkali. It appears as a viscous liquid and varies in color from colorless to gray black depending on the grade. There are ① neutral Na2O · nSiO2, ② alkaline Na2O · nSiO2, ③ weakly alkaline Na2O · nSiO2, and ④ composite Na2O · nSiO2.
Solid sodium silicate
Solid Na2O · nSiO2 is an intermediate product that mostly appears light blue in appearance. The Na2O · nSiO2 formed by dry casting is block shaped and transparent, while the Na2O · nSiO2 formed by wet water quenching is granular and can only be used when converted into liquid Na2O · nSiO2. Common Na2O · nSiO2 solid products include: ① block solid, ② powder solid, ③ instant sodium silicate, ④ zero water sodium silicate powder, ⑤ pentahydrate sodium silicate, ⑥ orthosilicate sodium.
1. Market Growth Driven by Emerging Demand
Global the product market is on a steady growth track, with a projected CAGR of 4.17% from 2026 to 2032, reaching USD 15.45 billion by 2032.
2. Technological Innovation Expanding Application Scope
Innovations in production and formulations are unlocking new prospects. Energy-efficient manufacturing processes reduce costs and environmental impact, while nano-silica derived from the product enables applications in advanced coatings, electronics, and automotive sectors.
3. Policy Support and Industrial Upgrading
Governments worldwide promote green chemical development, with policies like China's inclusion of eco-friendly sodium silicate production in encouraged projects.
Early Cognition and Scientific Discovery
The cognition of the product originated in the European alchemy period of the 16th century. In 1520, Basil Valentine first mentioned phenomena related to silicates. In 1550, Agricola recorded its melting characteristics.
In 1567, Giambattista della Porta discovered that potassium bitartrate could lower the melting temperature of quartz powder.
In 1640, Jan Baptist van Helmont prepared soluble silicate by fusing quartz sand with alkali.
In 1646, Glauber fused potassium carbonate with quartz sand to obtain grindable silicate powder, named "silicic acid oil or liquid", laying the foundation for its early form.
Industrial Preparation and Establishment of Nomenclature
In 1818, the German chemist J. Fuchs prepared soluble sodium silicate using white sand, soda ash and charcoal as raw materials, and named it "water glass". In the 1830s, large-scale production was realized in Europe.
Standardized it was manufactured by high-temperature melting of soda ash and quartz sand, followed by cooling and pulverization.
In the mid-to-late 19th century, researchers optimized the process to improve purity, and large-scale production was launched in Europe and the United States, leading to its wide application in textiles, construction and other industries.
Development of Modern Powder Forms
In the 20th century, technological innovations such as spray drying and drum drying enabled the conversion of sodium silicate solution into uniform amorphous powder with controllable particle size and bulk density.
Today, as a core form of soluble silicate, it is widely used in chemical industry, building materials and other fields, witnessing the leap from alchemy to modern chemical industry.
FAQ
What is sodium silicate powder used for?
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This powder serves as a binder, sealant, and fire retardant, making it a vital component in numerous construction applications. Noble Alchem, a leading exporter of sodium silicate powder, provides high-quality products that are essential for achieving superior construction results.
What is another name for sodium silicate powder?
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Sodium silicate is also the technical and common name for a mixture of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, also called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass.
Is sodium silicate hazardous?
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Hazard statement(s) H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. Precautionary statement(s) P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
What are the disadvantages of sodium silicate?
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Health and Safety Risks: Sodium silicate is corrosive and comes with significant health risks – including eye and skin irritation and harm if swallowed. This system should not be implemented in a plumbing system that carries potable water.
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