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Bromoacetonitrile, chemical formula C2H2BrN, CAS 590-17-0, It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It belongs to halogenated nitrile compounds and plays an important role in the field of organic synthesis. Bromoacetonitril has a low melting point and can usually remain liquid at room temperature, while its boiling point is relatively high, making it easy to handle in laboratory and industrial applications. Although its physical state is relatively stable, the chemical properties of bromoacetonitril are quite active and can react with various substances to produce a variety of useful compounds. In the field of medicine, it is also an important intermediate for the synthesis of many drugs. By introducing bromoacetonitril groups, the chemical structure and biological activity of drugs can be altered, resulting in drug molecules with new therapeutic effects. For example, the synthesis of certain anticancer drugs, antibacterial drugs, and central nervous system drugs may involve the involvement of bromoacetonitril or its derivatives.

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Chemical Formula |
C2H2BrN |
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Exact Mass |
119 |
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Molecular Weight |
120 |
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m/z |
119 (100.0%), 121 (97.3%), 120 (2.2%), 122 (2.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 20.03; H, 1.68; Br, 66.61; N, 11.68 |
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Bromoacetonitrile, with the chemical formula C2H2BrN, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is a toxic substance. Its flammability hazard lies in the release of toxic nitrogen oxides and bromide vapors during thermal decomposition.
Important intermediates and reagents in organic synthesis
Plays an important role in organic synthesis, as an intermediate and reagent, it can participate in various chemical reactions and provide key building blocks for the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction: The bromine atom in bromoacetonitril can be replaced by other nucleophilic reagents to form new compounds. This reaction is very common in organic synthesis and can be used to prepare various organic molecules with specific functions.
Application in drug synthesis
It has broad application prospects in drug synthesis and can be used to synthesize various types of drugs, including anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics, etc.
Anti cancer drugs: can serve as key intermediates for synthesizing anti-cancer drugs. By reacting with other compounds, molecules with anti-cancer activity can be formed, which can inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells, thereby achieving the goal of treating cancer.
Antibiotics: They can also be used for synthesizing antibiotics. Antibiotics are a kind of drugs that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, and are of great significance for the treatment of infectious diseases. In antibiotic synthesis, it can be used as a building block to combine with other compounds to form molecules with antibacterial activity.
Analgesic drugs: can also be used for synthesizing analgesic drugs. Analgesic drugs can alleviate various pain symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. It can serve as a key intermediate in the synthesis of analgesic drugs and participate in the drug synthesis process.
Application in pesticide synthesis
It also has important applications in pesticide synthesis. It can be used to synthesize pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, providing strong support for agricultural production.
Insecticides: can be used as key raw materials for synthesizing insecticides. Insecticides can kill or drive away pests, protecting crops from pest damage. In insecticide synthesis, it can combine with other compounds to form molecules with insecticidal activity.
Herbicide: can also be used for synthesizing herbicides. Weedkillers can kill or inhibit the growth of weeds, providing a favorable growth environment for crops. It can serve as a building block in herbicide synthesis and participate in the drug synthesis process.
Fungicide: It can also be used for synthesizing fungicides. Fungicides can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, protecting crops from damage caused by diseases. In the synthesis of fungicides, it can serve as a key intermediate and combine with other compounds to form molecules with bactericidal activity.
Application in dye synthesis
Plays an important role in dye synthesis. It can be used to synthesize various organic dyes, providing rich color choices and applications for the textile, printing, and dyeing industries.
Textile dyes: can be used as important raw materials for synthesizing textile dyes. Textile dyes can endow textiles with various bright colors and increase their added value. In textile dye synthesis, it can combine with other compounds to form molecules with specific colors.
Printing ink: It can also be used for synthesizing printing ink. Printing ink is a substance used to transfer color during the printing process, which is of great significance for ensuring the quality of printed materials. It can serve as a key intermediate in the synthesis of printing ink and participate in the ink synthesis process.
Dyeing auxiliary: It can also be used as a dyeing auxiliary. Dyeing auxiliaries can improve the dyeing effect and fastness of dyes, making the dyeing process more stable and controllable. In the synthesis of dyeing auxiliaries, it can be used as a building block to combine with other compounds to form molecules with specific functions.

Application of New Feed Additives
It is still a new type of feed additive suitable for various animals. It has functions such as acidification, mold prevention, antibacterial and calcium supplementation, which can improve the quality of feed and the growth performance of animals.
Acidification function: It can lower the pH value of feed, making it easier to digest and absorb. This helps to increase the appetite and feed intake of animals, promoting their growth and development.
Mold proof function: It has the effect of inhibiting mold growth and can extend the shelf life of feed. This helps to reduce the loss of feed during storage and improve the utilization rate of feed.
Antibacterial function: It can also inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the number of harmful microorganisms in animal bodies. This helps to improve the immunity and disease resistance of animals, and reduce the incidence of diseases.
Calcium supplementation function: Bromoacetamide contains a certain amount of calcium element, which can provide necessary calcium for animals. This helps promote the bone development and healthy growth of animals.
Other industrial applications
In addition to the above-mentioned fields, bromoacetonitrile also has a wide range of applications in other industrial sectors. It can be used to synthesize chemical substances such as rubber additives, plastic additives, and surfactants, providing strong support for related industries.
Rubber additive: can be used as one of the raw materials for rubber additives. Rubber additives can improve the performance and stability of rubber products, and extend their service life. In the synthesis of rubber additives, they can be combined with other compounds to form molecules with specific functions.
Plastic additives: can also be used for synthesizing plastic additives. Plastic additives can improve the processing and physical properties of plastics, increase their application range and value. It can serve as a key intermediate in the synthesis of plastic additives and participate in the synthesis process of additives.
Surfactant: It can also be used as one of the raw materials for surfactants. Surfactants can reduce the surface tension of liquids, improve their wettability and dispersibility. In the synthesis of surfactants, they can combine with other compounds to form molecules with specific surface activity.
Application examples
The following are some examples in specific applications, demonstrating their practical application effects in different fields.
Example of drug synthesis: When synthesizing a certain anti-cancer drug, researchers use bromoacetonitril as a key intermediate. By reacting with other compounds, molecules with anticancer activity were successfully synthesized. After clinical trials, it has been verified that the drug has a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells, providing a new option for cancer treatment.
Example of dye synthesis: When synthesizing a new type of textile dye, researchers utilized its dyeing properties. By reacting with other compounds, dye molecules with bright colors and good color fastness were successfully synthesized. The application of this dye in textile dyeing resulted in bright colors and high color fastness.
Example of feed additive: It was added as a feed additive to pig feed and a one month feeding experiment was conducted. The experimental results indicate that adding its feed can significantly increase the appetite and feed intake of pigs, and promote their growth and development. At the same time, the immunity of pigs has also been improved, and the incidence of diseases has significantly decreased.

Example of Surfactant: A new type of surfactant was synthesized using it, and its wettability and dispersibility were tested. The test results indicate that the surfactant has excellent wettability and dispersibility, and can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquids. This helps to improve the spreading and permeability of liquids on solid surfaces, providing strong support for applications in related fields.
Acute toxicity: Bromoacetonitrile has high acute toxicity. When the human body is exposed to a large amount of bromoacetonitrile in a short period of time, serious poisoning symptoms may occur. These symptoms include but are not limited to respiratory irritation, eye burns, skin corrosion, and damage to the central nervous system. Severe cases may even endanger life.
Chronic toxicity: Long term low-dose exposure to bromoacetonitrile may also cause chronic damage to human health. These damages may manifest as neurological dysfunction, abnormal liver and kidney function, and immune system suppression. In addition, bromoacetonitrile may accumulate in organisms through the food chain, causing long-term impacts on the ecological environment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it a pure chemical or can it be "drunk" from tap water?
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You may drink a small amount. It is a nitrogen-containing disinfection byproduct (N-DBPs) generated during the chloramine disinfection process of drinking water. When there are bromide ions and biogenic organic compounds (such as fatty substances simulated by fish oil) in the water source, chloramine disinfection will generate monobromoacetonitrile and dibromoacetonitrile, and their production increases with the increase of bromide ion concentration.
Can it play "polarity reversal" in organic synthesis? What special skills do you have?
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Yes! It can be used as an electrophilic reagent to be attacked by the "reverse" nucleophilic carbon of aldehydes. Under the catalysis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), the carbonyl carbon of aromatic aldehydes will transform into nucleophiles, actively attacking the electrophilic sites of bromoacetonitrile, and efficiently synthesizing 3-aryl-3-oxopropionitrile. This method has a short reaction time, no by-products, and is carried out at room temperature, which is very distinctive.
How sentimental is it when stored? What special environment is needed?
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It is very sensitive. It must be stored in the dark, filled with inert gas (such as nitrogen), and refrigerated (2-8 ° C) sealed. It is unstable to long-term exposure to air and light. It is recommended to use protective gloves made of butyl rubber, PVA, or Viton material.
Is its toxicity "chronic" or "acute"? What do we do to cells?
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It is a combination of acute toxicity and genetic toxicity. At low concentrations, it mainly damages cellular genetic material, leading to chromosome breakage and loss; At high concentrations, it directly induces cell apoptosis. It can be toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Why is it particularly dangerous when it catches fire? What is used to extinguish the fire?
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Because its thermal decomposition produces two highly toxic gases, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen bromide. When extinguishing a fire, direct current water should not be used (as it may splash). It is recommended to use dry powder, carbon dioxide, or mist water, and the fire must be extinguished from the upwind direction.
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