Streptozotocin stz is a chemical substance with multiple biological activities. The appearance is a light yellow crystalline powder that is easily soluble in water. It should be stored in a dry and dark place at 0 º C with argon filling. It was initially isolated and extracted from certain strains of Streptomyces, and with the advancement of science and technology, it can now be prepared through chemical synthesis methods. As a DNA methylation reagent, it can exert specific biological effects in living organisms. At the same time, it also has specific physical properties such as melting point and refractive index, which are of great significance for the identification of its purity and quality control. Its use can induce DNA methylation within cells, thereby altering the structure of chromatin and the readability of genes, thereby affecting biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis; In medical research, STZ is often used as an animal model to induce experimental diabetes. It also has the ability to induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, which makes it of significant application value in the research of anti-tumor drugs.
Additional information of chemical compound:
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Chemical Formula |
C8H15N3O7 |
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Exact Mass |
265.09 |
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Molecular Weight |
265.22 |
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m/z |
265.09 (100.0%), 266.09 (8.7%), 267.10 (1.4%), 266.09 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 36.23; H, 5.70; N, 15.84; O, 42.23 |
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Melting point |
121℃(dec.) (lit.) |
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Boiling point |
408.44℃(rough estimate) |
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Density |
1.4410 (rough estimate) |
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Storage conditions |
-20℃ |
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Streptozotocin stz is an glucosamine nitrosourea derivative with multiple uses, particularly in the field of biomedical research. The main uses of this compound are as follows:
STZ is widely used to induce experimental diabetes in animal models. By injecting STZ into animals (such as rats, mice, etc.), their islet B cells can be destroyed, resulting in reduced insulin secretion, thus simulating the pathogenesis of human diabetes. This model is of great significance in studying the pathogenesis and complications of diabetes and evaluating the efficacy of new drugs.
Research on anti-tumor drugs
STZ has also been found to have the ability to induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, which makes it of significant application value in the research of anti-tumor drugs. Currently, multiple research teams are exploring the specific applications and mechanisms of STZ in anti-tumor therapy, with the aim of developing new anti-tumor drugs. It is an anti-tumor and immunosuppressive antibiotic that can inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor cells and certain key enzymes involved in pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism and gluconeogenesis. In the body, it can spontaneously decompose and produce methyl carbide ions that cause DNA double strand cross-linking. It is mainly used for the treatment of pancreatic cell carcinoma (beta cell or non beta cell carcinoma), which can relieve 50% to 60% of pancreatic cell carcinoma patients. When combined with 5-FU, the efficacy can be improved.
In addition to the aforementioned applications, STZ has also been used in other biomedical research fields. For example, it can be used as a DNA methylation reagent to affect the DNA methylation process, thereby regulating gene expression and cellular biological behavior. In addition, STZ can also serve as a donor of nitric oxide (NO) and a vasodilator, with certain applications in cardiovascular system research.
What are the side effects of this compound?
The side effects of Streptozotocin stz mainly involve multiple aspects, and the following is a detailed summary of its side effects:
► Direct harm to experimental animals or patients
STZ is highly toxic and requires strict control of dosage and administration to avoid unnecessary harm to experimental animals or patients. Specifically, STZ may cause a series of adverse reactions in experimental animals or patients, including but not limited to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Although these reactions are mostly mild and reversible, they still need to be taken seriously by researchers and medical personnel.
► The impact on liver and kidney function
Long term use of STZ may have certain effects on liver and kidney function. STZ has a certain degree of nephrotoxicity, which can manifest as abnormal function of renal tubules and glomeruli. Severe damage can be seen in a certain proportion of patients, leading to symptoms such as proteinuria, diabetes, ketone urine, elevated serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor liver and kidney function related indicators during use to ensure patient safety.
► Other potential risks
In addition to the aforementioned side effects, STZ also poses other potential risks. For example, STZ can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, which may make it a potential anti-tumor drug, but it can also lead to damage and death of normal cells. In addition, STZ may also affect the methylation process of DNA, thereby regulating gene expression and cellular biological behavior, which may have adverse effects on normal cellular function and metabolism
► Precautions for use
Strict control of dosage and administration method: Due to the high toxicity of STZ, it is necessary to strictly control the dosage and administration method during use to avoid adverse reactions and potential risks caused by excessive use.
Close monitoring of relevant indicators: During use, it is necessary to closely monitor liver and kidney function, blood glucose, and other related indicators to promptly detect and handle abnormal situations.
Pay attention to the stability of the solution: STZ solution is extremely unstable at room temperature and easily decomposes into gas and evaporates, so it needs to be used and prepared on the spot to ensure its effectiveness.
Sales and development information of this compound
Streptozotocin stz (streptozotocin) is an important biochemical reagent, which is mainly used to prepare animal models of diabetes. Here is a detailed introduction to its sales aspect:
1.Main purpose
Streptozotocin can selectively destroy pancreatic islet β cells of certain animals and induce diabetes in many animals (such as rats and mice), so it is widely used to prepare diabetes animal models.
2.SALES
Brand and purity
The purity of streptozotocin provided by different brands may vary, and common purity specifications include ≥ 98% (HPLC), ≥ 99% and so on.
For example, Solarbio provides streptozotocin with a purity of Min.75% as alpha anomer, while Zeye Biotechnology offers products with a purity of ≥ 98% (HPLC).
Price and packaging
The price of streptozotocin varies depending on factors such as brand, purity, packaging specifications, etc. Generally speaking, the price of small packages (such as 100mg) is lower, while the price of large packages (such as 1g, 5g) is relatively higher. For example, the price range of Solarbio brand's streptozotocin varies from 170 yuan to 5000 yuan, depending on the packaging specifications. The 100mg packaging specification of streptozotocin provided by Zeye Biotechnology is priced at 146 yuan/box (minimum batch size ≥ 1 box).
Supplier
There are multiple suppliers at home and abroad that provide streptozotocin products, including well-known brands such as Solarbio, Zeye Biotechnology, Sigma, etc. These suppliers usually have a well-established sales network and after-sales service system, which can provide customers with timely and professional technical support and solutions.
Shipping and Storage
Streptozotocin products are usually shipped by express delivery or logistics, and the specific delivery time depends on the supplier's inventory situation and the customer's order requirements. The product needs to be kept dry, away from light, and follow the corresponding refrigeration or freezing requirements during transportation to ensure product quality. After receiving the product, the customer should store it properly according to the storage conditions provided by the supplier to avoid adverse factors such as moisture, heat, or light exposure.
3.Precautions
Preparation and use
Streptozotocin needs to be prepared in a buffer solution with pH 4.2-4.5, which is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate. When preparing, corresponding operating procedures should be followed to ensure the accuracy and stability of the prepared solution. Accurate weighing should be carried out according to experimental requirements during use, and mixing with other chemical substances should be avoided.
Safety
Streptozotocin is a toxic chemical that requires the use of appropriate protective equipment (such as gloves, masks, etc.) to avoid skin contact or inhalation. During the experiment, laboratory safety regulations should be strictly followed to prevent accidents from occurring.
Regulations and Compliance
The sale and use of streptozotocin must comply with relevant laws, regulations, and provisions. Customers should ensure compliance with local laws and regulations when purchasing and using products, and follow corresponding operating procedures and safety standards.
Drug Interactions and Contraindications
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STZ interacts with several medications, necessitating caution in co-administration:
● Glucocorticoids: Potentiate STZ's hyperglycemic effects, exacerbating diabetes.
● Phenytoin: Reduces STZ's β-cell cytotoxicity, compromising its antitumor efficacy.
● Nephrotoxins (e.g., cisplatin, aminoglycosides): Concomitant use increases the risk of renal failure.
● Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine): May enhance STZ's hepatotoxicity, limiting its use in transplant recipients.
Patients with renal or hepatic impairment, pregnancy, or hypersensitivity to nitrosoureas should avoid STZ. Pre-treatment screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is recommended, as STZ-induced oxidative stress may trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals.
Streptozotocin remains a vital tool in medicine and research, bridging the gap between chemotherapeutic innovation and disease modeling. Its unique ability to selectively destroy β-cells has revolutionized diabetes research, while its antineoplastic properties offer hope for patients with rare pancreatic tumors. However, STZ's toxicity demands rigorous safety protocols and continuous evaluation of its risk-benefit profile. As science advances, STZ's legacy will endure through refined applications and novel derivatives that harness its potency while minimizing harm, ultimately contributing to improved therapies for diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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