Tetracaine Glitter is a crystalline powder, also known as tetravisc in Brazil and tetrakaine in other regions. Minims Tetracaine can be used for tetracaine tattoo. A commonly used local anesthetic with fast, long-lasting and highly effective anesthetic effects. It is commonly used for surgery, topical anesthesia, and pain relief. It has relatively complex reaction properties and involves many fields such as chemistry, biology, toxicology and pharmacology. When using Tetracaine, attention should be paid to factors such as its dosage, route of administration, duration of use, and whether there is a history of allergies. At the same time, the dosage and time of use should also be strictly controlled, and attention should be paid to the storage and disposal of drugs. Please note that all the products in the form can be provided by our laboratory. Please send us the product name, product specification and product quantity you need, and we will provide the most reasonable price and shipping method according to your information.
Explanation of Purchasing guide
(1)Tetracaine, CAS 94-24-6
Insoluble in water, white Flakes & Glitter crystals
(2)Tetracine hydrochloride CAS 136-47-0
Water soluble, white Fine crystals/powder, as similiar as NaCl for food additive
(1)Procaine, CAS 59-46-1
Insoluble in water, white fine powder
(2)Procaine hydrochloride, CAS 51-05-8
Water soluble, white crystals, slightly larger than sugar for food additive
(1)Lidocaine, CAS 137-58-6
Insoluble in water, white powder
(2)Lidocaine hydrochloride, CAS 73-78-9
Water soluble, white powder
Benzocaine, CAS 94-09-7
(1)General specification(30-40 meshes)
(2)200 meshes
Attention pls: In the theory of chemistry, this compound is unable to made into "White powder", if so must be fake!
(1)Dimethocaine, CAS 94-15-5
Insoluble in water, light yellow to yellow powder
(2)Dimethocaine Hydrochloride,CAS 553-63-9
Water soluble, light yellow to yellow powder
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The following will introduce the laboratory synthesis method of Tetracaine Glitter and the mechanism and advantages of each step of the reaction. The literature published since 1930 is summarized, the preparation process and known advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail, and effective laboratory synthesis methods are provided for researchers.
synthetic route
Strecker synthesis method:
The Strecker synthesis is a simple, high-yield and efficient method for the preparation of Tetracaine. The principle of the synthesis method is to add high-quality acetophenone derivatives into the solution, which have strong nucleophilicity, and react with ethanolamine hydrochloride to generate Tetracaine. The main advantages of this method are simple operation, relatively mild reaction time and reaction conditions, and high reaction conversion rate.
Borchardt synthesis method:
Borchardt reported a method for preparing Tetracaine using ethyl p-nitrobenzoate as a raw material in 1936. The principle of the method is to convert ethyl p-nitrobenzoate into Tetracaine through amidation reaction and hydrolysis reaction. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to operate, and the reaction conditions and reaction conversion rate are relatively ideal, but there are many steps, and the purification of the product will affect the overall yield.
Sheldon synthesis method:
The Sheldon synthesis is a method of forming Tetracaine from acetophenone through different reaction steps, and has attracted much attention for its simple operation and high yield. The method first reacts acetophenone and benzaldehyde hydrochloride to synthesize phenyl-acetone through the Grignard reaction, and converts N-ethylcysteine in Tetracaine into a benzalkonium intermediate, and finally under alkaline conditions In the following Michael reaction, it reacts with disulfide to form Tetracaine.
To sum up, the Strecker synthesis method and the Sheldon synthesis method are two simple, effective and high-yield methods for synthesizing Tetracaine, while the Borchardt synthesis method is complicated to operate, but the reaction conditions and reaction yield are ideal. These three methods have different characteristics respectively, and different methods can be selected for synthesis according to specific conditions.
Tetracaine can be administered in the form of eye drops in ophthalmology for conditions such as pain, corneal scraping, or during eye surgery. Tetracaine eye drops are usually used at a concentration of 0.5%-1%, which can provide effective local anesthesia and relieve eye pain in a short period of time.
In eye surgery, Tetracaine can be used with other local anesthetics to provide better results. For example, in cataract surgery, the local anesthetics Bupivacaine and Tetracaine are often used. This combination can provide better pain relief and a longer duration of action.
Discovery History of Tetracaine Glitter:
The discovery history of tetracaine is a scientific journey full of exploration and innovation. This potent and long-lasting ester based local anesthetic has played an important role in the medical field since its inception, providing effective solutions for numerous surgeries and pain treatments.
The discovery of tetracaine can be traced back to the field of medical research in the early 20th century. At that time, the demand for local anesthetic drugs in the medical community was increasing to alleviate patient pain during surgery and pain treatment. Scientists are beginning to focus on finding new and more effective local anesthetic drugs to meet this urgent need. Originally named Amidokaine. It was discovered by public health scientists and pharmacologists Ernest Partridge and Hans Horstmann in their research at the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in the UK. At that time, they were researching new local anesthetics, one important aspect of which was to provide sustained local anesthesia without interfering with the surgical process.
In this context, the discovery of tetracaine became an important milestone. Initially, scientists discovered through screening and experimentation of different compounds that certain compounds have potential anesthetic effects. After a series of studies and experiments, they successfully synthesized the compound tetracaine and found that it has excellent local anesthetic effects.
Initially, they used anesthetics similar to Novocaine, but found them to be unreliable and may have significant side effects during use. Therefore, they decided to search for a new long-acting local anesthetic. In the initial study, they found that benzocaine and dibucaine had good local anesthetic effects, but their duration was not long enough and frequent injections were needed.
So they began to explore other possibilities and eventually discovered tetracaine. The chemical structure of tetracaine differs from other local anesthetics in that its aromatic nitrile group is connected to two acetamide groups, rather than to the amide group like other local anesthetics. Dr. Ernest Partridge and Dr. Hans Horstmann initially conducted experiments on mice and found that tetracaine had a good effect on local anesthesia in mice. Further experimental results indicate that tetracaine can provide local anesthesia for up to an hour through subcutaneous injection.
The molecular structure of tetracaine is similar to that of procaine, but its ester solubility and anesthetic effect are far superior to procaine. This makes tetracaine have broad application prospects in the medical field. People have found that tetracaine can quickly penetrate the cell membrane and firmly bind to the junction of nerve tissue, thereby blocking the transmission of nerve impulses and achieving the effect of local anesthesia.
The discovery and application of tetracaine have greatly promoted the development of the medical field. It is widely used in various surgeries and pain treatments, such as spinal anesthesia, surface anesthesia, conduction anesthesia, etc. The strong anesthetic effect of tetracaine makes the surgical process smoother and greatly reduces patient pain. However, with the widespread use of tetracaine, people have gradually discovered its potential risks and side effects. Tetracaine Glitter is highly toxic and requires strict control of dosage and concentration when used to avoid adverse reactions such as poisoning. Therefore, when using tetracaine, doctors need to fully understand its pharmacological effects and precautions to ensure the safety and rational use of medication for patients. Nevertheless, tetracaine remains an indispensable drug in the medical field. Scientists are also constantly exploring and researching to further improve and optimize its performance and application scope. With the continuous advancement of medical technology and higher demands for drug safety, the application of tetracaine will also become more precise and safe.
Tetracaine, also known as 4- (butamino) - benzoic acid-2- (dimethylamino) ethyl ester, is an important local anesthetic drug.
The molecular formula of tetracaine is C15H24N2O2, with a molecular weight of 264.36300. This structural formula reveals that it is composed of 15 carbon atoms, 24 hydrogen atoms, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. This specific atomic composition and arrangement endow tetracaine with unique chemical properties.
The molecule of tetracaine contains multiple functional groups, which have a decisive impact on its chemical properties. Among them, amino (- NH2) and ester (- COO -) are the most important functional groups in tetracaine molecules. Amino groups endow tetracaine with certain alkalinity and hydrophilicity, while ester groups give it the characteristics of ester compounds, such as easy hydrolysis and solubility in organic solvents.
In tetracaine molecules, carbon atoms are covalently linked to form carbon chains, while nitrogen and oxygen atoms are covalently linked to carbon atoms to form specific functional groups. The strength and stability of these chemical bonds determine the stability and reactivity of tetracaine molecules.
The molecule of tetracaine has a specific three-dimensional structure, and the arrangement of its atoms and functional groups in three-dimensional space has a significant impact on its biological activity. The three-dimensional structure of tetracaine molecules enables them to bind to specific receptors in the body, thereby exerting anesthetic effects. At the same time, the three-dimensional structure also affects the interactions between tetracaine and other molecules, such as interactions with other drugs and interactions with biofilms.
The physical properties of tetracaine, such as appearance, density, boiling point, and flash point, are closely related to its molecular structure. The appearance of its white crystalline powder, high density and boiling point, and moderate flash point all reflect the stability of its molecular structure and the uniqueness of its chemical properties.
In terms of chemical properties, tetracaine has the characteristic of being easily soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, which is related to the presence of its ester groups. Meanwhile, tetracaine also has a certain degree of hydrolytic stability and can maintain the integrity of its chemical structure under certain conditions.
As a local anesthetic, tetracaine mainly works by interfering with the entry of sodium ions into nerve cells. Its strong penetration and rapid action make it the preferred drug for mucosal surface anesthesia. In clinical practice, tetracaine is widely used for anesthesia in mucosal areas such as ophthalmology, otolaryngology, etc. Meanwhile, tetracaine can also be used in combination with short acting lidocaine and procaine for conduction anesthesia and epidural anesthesia to accelerate the speed of action and prolong the duration.
However, the toxicity of tetracaine is relatively high, about 10 times that of procaine. Excessive or improper use may lead to poisoning symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, chills, tremors, panic, convulsions, and coma. In severe cases, life-threatening situations such as respiratory failure and decreased blood pressure may even occur. Therefore, when using tetracaine, it is necessary to strictly control the dosage and administration route to ensure patient safety.
The molecular structure characteristics of tetracaine determine its unique physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The functional groups such as amino and ester groups in its molecule, specific three-dimensional structure, and related physical and chemical properties together form the basis of tetracaine as a local anesthetic. However, the toxicity of tetracaine also reminds us to be cautious when using it to ensure patient safety and maximize efficacy. In future research and applications, we can further explore the relationship between the molecular structure and pharmacological effects of tetracaine, in order to develop safer and more effective anesthetic drugs.
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