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Baclofen powder is an organic compound, chemical formula C10H12ClNO2, white powder, odorless. Soluble in hot water, almost insoluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents, extremely soluble in methanol, insoluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in dilute acid or alkali, and easily soluble in acidic and alkaline water solutions. The backofen other names include: Gablofen/Lioresal/Kemstro. Baclofen is used for a chemical reagent, and the finished product of this substance is mainly used as a central muscle relaxant, but this product is a front-end laboratory chemical product, which can only be used for scientific research purposes.

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Chemical Formula |
C10H12ClNO2 |
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Exact Mass |
213 |
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Molecular Weight |
214 |
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m/z |
213 (100.0%), 215 (32.0%), 214 (10.8%), 216 (3.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 56.22; H, 5.66; Cl, 16.59; N, 6.56; O, 14.98 |
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Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant and sedative that specifically acts on the spinal cord. Its pharmacological mechanism is quite complex and refined, and its specific mode of action mainly includes the following key aspects:
Inhibition of neurotransmission:
One of the important mechanisms by which baclofen exerts its pharmacological effects. It can effectively inhibit the transmission process of nerve impulses in the spinal cord, a key part of the central nervous system, especially reducing the transmission efficiency of single synapses (i.e. directly transmitting from one neuron to another) and multiple synapses (indirectly transmitting through interneurons). This inhibitory effect directly leads to a significant reduction in muscle tension, which helps alleviate discomfort and pain caused by muscle spasms or excessive tension.
Regulation of Amino Acids:
The role of Baclofen also involves regulating the release of excitatory amino acids. It can inhibit the release of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartic acid in the spinal cord. These amino acids play an important role in neural transmission, and their excessive release often leads to excessive excitation of neurons, thereby exacerbating muscle tension and spasms. Baclofen further inhibits monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord by reducing the release of these amino acids, thereby enhancing its muscle relaxation effect.
Exciting receptors:
Baclofen also has the ability to excite specific receptors. By activating these receptors, Baclofen can further inhibit the release of aspartic acid, which is a key link in controlling synaptic reflex transmission in the spinal cord. Through this mechanism, Baclofen can effectively reduce reflex activity at the spinal cord level, exert spasmolytic effects, and help patients restore normal muscle function and comfort.
Sedative effect:
Baclofen also has a certain sedative effect, which is another important aspect of its pharmacological mechanism. It can act on the central nervous system to alleviate patients' anxiety and tension, and this emotional improvement helps further reduce muscle tension and spasms. Therefore, for patients whose muscle spasms are exacerbated by emotional tension and anxiety, the sedative effect of Baclofen undoubtedly provides additional therapeutic benefits.
In summary, Baclofen achieves effective relaxation and sedative effects on skeletal muscles through multiple mechanisms such as inhibition of neurotransmission, regulation of excitatory amino acid release, activation of specific receptors, and exerting sedative effects, providing strong drug support for the treatment of related diseases.

Preparation of Baclofen powder:

105g (0.75mol) of para-chlorobenzaldehyde, 400ml of deionized water, 137g (1.05mol) of ethyl acetoacetate, stirred at 15~20 ℃, slowly dropped 13.2g (0.1 mol) of diammonium hydrogen phosphate in 132ml of aqueous solution, and after dripping, stirred for 5h with heat preservation, filtered, washed the solid with proper amount of water, dried for 4h at 45~55 ℃ to obtain white solid intermediate II, which is directly used in the next step.
420ml (30N) of aqueous solution of intermediate II and potassium hydroxide is stirred for hydrolysis reaction at 85~90 ℃ for 2h, and the end point of thin-layer identification reaction (developing agent: ethyl acetate-petroleum ether=2:3) is identified. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature. 400ml of dichloromethane and 500ml of deionized water are added, stirred for 20min, and then placed for layering. The organic layer is discarded for recycling. The pH of the water layer is adjusted to 1~2 with 6M hydrochloric acid, and then placed for filtration. The solid is washed with appropriate amount of water, 157g of white solid intermediate III was obtained by drying under vacuum at 55-60 ℃ for 5h, with yield of 86.4%, mp: 166.5~167.3 ℃,
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3/TMS,ppm): δ 12.09 (s, 1H), 7.27~7.48 (m, 4H), 3.31~3.54 (m, 1H), 2.47~2.74(m, 4H).
150g (0.618mol) of intermediate III and 44.6g (0.742mol) of urea were stirred at 130~140 ℃ for 11h, and the end point of the reaction was identified by TLC (developing agent: ethyl acetate - methanol=5:3). After the reaction, the reaction was completed, cooled to room temperature, solidified, the solid was washed with proper amount of water, toluene recrystallized, and dried at 55~60 ℃ for 5h under vacuum, 130g of white solid intermediate III was obtained, with a yield of 94.2%, mp: 160.1~161.2 ℃, 1H-NMR (500MHz, CDCl3/TMS, ppm): δ 6.41(s, 1H), 7.23~7.45(m, 4H), 3.24~3.45 (m, 1H), 2.30~2.49(m, 4H) .
120g (0.537mol) of intermediate IV and 600ml (15N) of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are stirred for hydrolysis reaction at 65~70 ℃ for 1.5h, and the end point of thin-layer identification reaction (developing agent: ethyl acetate-methanol=3:1) is identified. After the reaction is completed, the reaction is cooled to room temperature, 500ml of toluene and 700ml of deionized water are added, stirred for 20min, and then placed for layering. The organic layer is discarded for recycling, and the pH of the water layer is adjusted to 2~3 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, then placed for filtration, and the solid is washed with proper amount of water, Dry for 5h under vacuum 55~60 ℃ to obtain 116g of white solid intermediate V, yield 89.5%, mp: 170.0~170.9 ℃, 1H-NMR (500MHz, CDCl3/TMS, ppm): δ 6.03 (s, 2H), 7.46~7.66 (m, 4H), 3.31~3.52 (m, 1H), 2.51~2.65(m, 4H).
The intermediate V 110g (0.455mol), 3.6g (0.03mol) of sodium sulfamate and 60ml (9%~12%) of freshly prepared sodium hypobromate solution are stirred for 1.5h at - 5~0 ℃, slowly heated to 20~30 ° C and stirred for 20min, then heated again to 50~55 ° C, kept at this temperature and stirred for 20min, and the end point of thin-layer identification reaction (developing agent: n-butanol - glacial acetic acid - water (4:1:1), after the reaction is completed, cooled to room temperature, and the pH is adjusted to 6~7 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, After standing for 5h, centrifugation, recrystallization of the crude product with isopropanol-water (1:4), drying for 6h under vacuum at 55-60 ℃, 77.2g of white solid baclofen conforming to clinical use was obtained, Baclofen powder with a yield of 79.4%, mp: 206.1~207.4 ℃, HPLC content of 99.6%, 1H-NMR (500MHz, CDCl3/TMS, ppm): δ: 8.56 (s,1H, CO2H),7.37~7.24(m,4H),3.32-3.28 (m,1H),3.26 (dd,J=15.8, 7.5Hz,1H),3.1/5 (dd, J=15.8,12Hz,1H),2.66 (dd, J=12.8,8.3Hz,1H),2.55 (dd,J=12.8,9Hz,1H),MS:m/z (M+)214.

The following are the specific steps of the laboratory synthesis method of Baclofen powder:
1. Mix phenylacetic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid in a molar ratio of 1:1.1, and add a small amount of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to generate phenylacetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid.
2. Add phenylacetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid to anhydrous ether, add phenylacetyl chloride and slowly drop it until the pH value of the reaction solution drops to 4. A small amount of anhydrous hydrochloric acid was added dropwise and stirred for 4 hours to obtain N-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyryl chloride.
3. Add N-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyryl chloride into titanium tetrachloride, stir and react for 30 minutes to obtain N-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyryl trichloride titanium salt.
4. Add N-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyryl trichloride titanium salt into ethanol, add sodium hydroxide, stir and react for 30 minutes, and filter the solution to obtain Baclofen.
5. Add Baclofen and sodium carbonate to chloroform, stir and react for 30 minutes, then separate the chloroform layer, add an appropriate amount of water, then extract with chloroform, concentrate the chloroform layer, and then dry it with anhydrous sodium chloride to obtain Higher purity Baclofen.
It should be noted that the synthesis of Baclofen in the laboratory requires certain chemical experiment skills and safety awareness, and must be carried out in a chemical fume hood, and the safety operating procedures of relevant chemicals must be strictly followed.
FAQ
Is baclofen the same as gabapentin?
Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant often used for the management of neurological spasticity, and Gabapentin is a neuromodulator that induces soft tissue relaxation and mitigates associated pain.
What are the negative side effects of baclofen?
Common side effects
Feeling sleepy, tired, dizzy or weak. ...
Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) ...
Diarrhoea. ...
Headaches. ...
Problems sleeping. ...
Dry mouth. ...
Rapid eye movements, blurred vision or difficulty focusing. ...
Excessive sweating or a mild rash.
Is baclofen a high risk drug?
Potential for overdose
Health professionals should be alert to the risk of overdose (intentional and unintentional) in patients taking baclofen off label for alcohol-use disorder. Baclofen overdose is potentially fatal.
Is baclofen 10 mg a narcotic?
Baclofen is not a narcotic, but it does have possible side effects. The most common side effect is drowsiness. Also relatively common are fatigue, weakness, and dizziness. Some of the less common possible side effects include confusion, headache, nausea, constipation and visual disturbances.
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