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Homosalate solution, chemical formula C16H22O3, CAS 118-56-9, also known as trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, trimethylsalicylate, or original membrane dispersed ester. It is a colorless transparent liquid with a mild mint flavor. It is a type of UV UVB sunscreen, belonging to the chemical sunscreen, which can absorb UV rays in the UVB295-315 band. However, research has shown that Homosalate has a slight effect on hormones and produces toxic metabolites, requiring a dosage not exceeding 10%. In industry, it is mainly used as a UV UVB sunscreen to reduce the harmful effects of long-term exposure to sunlight. The main function of cosmetics and skincare products is chemical sun protection, with a risk coefficient of 4, which is relatively safe and can be used with confidence. It generally has no impact on pregnant women and does not cause acne.
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Chemical Formula |
C16H22O3 |
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Exact Mass |
262 |
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Molecular Weight |
262 |
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m/z |
262 (100.0%), 263 (17.3%), 264 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 73.25; H, 8.45; O, 18.30 |
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The Homosalate solution synthesis method mainly includes steps such as mixing raw materials, heating reaction, gas chromatography monitoring, and vacuum distillation. The following is a detailed description of these steps and their corresponding chemical reaction formulas.
Esterification reaction: Esterification reaction is an organic chemical reaction in which alcohols and carboxylic acids undergo dehydration condensation to form esters and water. In this experiment, methyl salicylate (C6H5COOCH3) and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol (C8H15OH) undergo esterification reaction to produce Humolipids (C6H5COOC8H15) and water (H2O). The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
(C6H5COOCH3+C8H15OH → C6H5COOC8H15+H2O)
Acid catalysis: In this experiment, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was used as a catalyst. Catalysts can reduce the activation energy of reactions and accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. In esterification reactions, potassium carbonate acts as an acidic catalyst to promote the dehydration and condensation process. Although the mechanism of action of potassium carbonate is not clearly stated in the chemical reaction formula, it plays a crucial role in the reaction.
Experimental steps
Mixing ingredients: Mix 10.0g of methyl salicylate and 14.0g of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol in a 250ml three necked bottle. The purpose of mixing is to fully contact methyl salicylate with 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, thereby increasing reaction efficiency. When mixing, ensure that the two raw materials are completely dissolved, so that the heating reaction can proceed smoothly.
Heating reaction: Heat the mixture to 120-130 ℃ and maintain this temperature range for 10 hours of reaction. The purpose of heating is to facilitate the esterification reaction between methyl salicylate and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol. During the heating process, constant temperature heating sleeves or oil baths should be used to maintain temperature stability. At the same time, the mixture should be continuously stirred to make full contact and increase reaction efficiency.
Gas chromatography monitoring: During the reaction process, use a gas chromatograph to monitor the conversion rate of methyl salicylate. Gas chromatography monitoring is a commonly used analytical method that can quickly and accurately determine the content of each component in a sample. By comparing the chromatograms before and after the reaction, the conversion rate of methyl salicylate in the effluent can be calculated. The purpose of this step is to understand the reaction process and determine the reaction endpoint.
Vacuum distillation: After the reaction is completed, the mixture is subjected to vacuum distillation. Vacuum distillation is a technique of evaporating high boiling substances by reducing pressure. By vacuum distillation, it is possible to effectively separate the humic acid ester and other low boiling substances generated by the reaction of methyl salicylate and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol in the effluent. In the process of vacuum distillation, it is necessary to control the temperature and pressure to ensure the smooth separation of humic acid ester.
Collect the product: After vacuum distillation, collect colorless and transparent Hu Mo Liu ester. When collecting, dry conical flasks or beakers should be used for subsequent quality determination and purity analysis.
Quality determination: To determine the quality and yield of the collected Hu Mo Liu ester. Electronic scales and other equipment can be used for measurement and recording of the mass of Humomyl Ester. Meanwhile, the production rate can also be calculated by comparing the quality differences between raw materials and products.
Purity determination: Use gas chromatography (GC) to determine the purity of Hu Mo Liu ester. Gas chromatography is a commonly used separation and analysis method that can quickly and accurately determine the content of each component in a sample. By using gas chromatography to determine the purity of Hu Mo Liu ester, the content of Hu Mo Liu ester in the product and the presence of other impurities can be understood.
Homosalate solution, also known as tricyclohexyl salicylate, trimethyl salicylate, or original film dispersible ester, is a colorless and transparent oily liquid that is insoluble in water. It is an important UV absorber mainly used in sunscreen cosmetics to protect the skin from UV damage. Its molecular formula is C16H2O3, and its CAS number is 118-56-9.
Application in the field of cosmetics
As a UV UVB sunscreen
HuMo Liu ester is a typical chemical sunscreen, belonging to salicylates, which can absorb ultraviolet rays in the UVB band (295-315nm). This wavelength of ultraviolet radiation is one of the main factors causing skin sunburn, tanning, as well as leading to skin photoaging, skin cancer, and other problems. HuMo Liu ester reduces direct damage to skin cells caused by UV radiation by absorbing this portion of UV radiation and converting it into other forms of energy release such as heat energy.
In sunscreen products, HuMo Liu ester is often used in combination with other sunscreens (such as physical sunscreens such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, or chemical sunscreens such as methoxycinnamic acid ethyl hexyl ester and oak forest) to form a broad-spectrum sunscreen system, which can protect against UVB and provide some protection against UVA (long wave ultraviolet), providing more comprehensive UV protection. For example, in some sunscreen, sunscreen spray, sunscreen lotion and other products, as one of the sunscreen ingredients, palmisarate works in synergy with other ingredients to improve the sunscreen effect of products.
As a solvent for other sunscreen agents
HuMo Liu ester is a good solvent for certain crystalline oil soluble UV sunscreens, such as Sunsafe MBC, Susafe BP3, Sunsafe ABZ, etc. Adding HuMo Liu ester to the formula of sunscreen products can help dissolve these crystalline sunscreen agents, evenly disperse the sunscreen ingredients in the system, and improve the stability and effectiveness of the product. At the same time, the addition of HuMo Liu ester can also reduce the greasiness and stickiness of the product, making it easier to apply and absorb sunscreen products, and improving the user experience.
Specific applications in various cosmetics
Sunscreen cream:
Among many well-known brands of sunscreen, HuMo Liu ester is one of the common sunscreen ingredients. For example, products such as Clarins' sunscreen, AnaSun's small golden bottle, Water Baby's purified water sunscreen, and Lifespring's lightweight sunscreen all contain HuMo Liu ester. In these sunscreens, Hu Mo Liu ester works together with other sunscreen ingredients to provide effective UV protection for the skin.
Sunscreen spray:
Sunscreen spray is convenient to use and easy to apply, suitable for whole body sunscreen. In some sunscreen spray formulations, palmisarate is also one of the sunscreen ingredients to provide skin protection. For example, some brands of sunscreen spray will list humoside in the ingredient list to ensure the sunscreen effect of the product.
Sunscreen lotion/face cream:
In some lotion or face cream with sunscreen functions, palmisarate is also often used as a sunscreen ingredient. This type of product can not only provide good moisturizing effect for the skin, but also provide UV protection for the skin, meeting the dual needs of daily skincare and sun protection.
Other cosmetics:
In addition to special sunscreen products, in some makeup products with sunscreen functions (such as foundation make-up, isolation cream, etc.), palmisarate may also be used as one of the sunscreen ingredients to provide certain UV protection for the skin.
Application in the field of medicine
Skin protection
In the field of medicine, although Hu Mo Liu ester is not directly used as a drug, its sun protection properties make it have certain application value in skin protection. For example, in some drug formulations used to treat skin diseases, HuMo Liu ester may be added as an excipient to protect the skin from UV radiation and avoid exacerbating the condition during treatment. In addition, for some patients who are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, doctors may recommend using sunscreen products containing HuMo Liu ester to protect the skin from UV damage and prevent the occurrence or recurrence of skin diseases.
Phototherapy assisted therapy
During phototherapy, patients may receive specific wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation. Although phototherapy has some effectiveness in treating certain skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, etc., prolonged or high-intensity ultraviolet radiation may also cause damage to the skin. In this case, Hu Mo Liu ester can be added as a sunscreen ingredient to phototherapy assisted products, such as protective creams used before phototherapy or repair creams used after phototherapy, to protect the skin from unnecessary UV damage.
Applications in other fields
Clothing fabrics
HuMo Liu ester can be used not only in the cosmetics field, but also in the clothing fabric and other fields. In some clothing fabrics with sun protection function, sunscreen agents such as HuMo Liu ester may be added to improve the UV protection performance of the fabric. This type of clothing is suitable for outdoor activities and provides more comprehensive UV protection for the body.
Materials Science
In the field of materials science, the UV absorption properties of HuMo Liu ester also have certain research value. For example, in the research and development of materials with UV protection function, homosalate solution ester can be used as an additive or modifier to improve the UV protection performance of the material. This type of material can be applied in multiple fields such as construction and packaging, meeting the UV protection needs of different scenarios.
adverse reaction
Homosalate, also known as 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane salicylate, is an oil soluble UVB sunscreen widely used in sunscreen cosmetics. It can absorb ultraviolet rays in the 295-315nm wavelength range, effectively reducing skin damage caused by sun exposure. However, as its usage increases, controversies about its safety gradually emerge. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the European Union stated in its 2021 assessment that using a 10% concentration of HuMo Liu ester as a sunscreen is unsafe and recommended a safe concentration of 0.5%; The relevant agencies in the UK have confirmed that a concentration of 10% in sunscreen products is still safe by 2025. This regulatory difference reflects the uncertainty of the scientific community regarding its safety.
Skin irritation and allergic reactions
Direct skin irritation
As a chemical sunscreen, Hu Mo Liu ester solution may cause irritating reactions when in direct contact with the skin. According to the safety assessment standards for cosmetics, the skin irritation test is usually conducted using a closed patch test. The results show that some subjects experience symptoms such as redness, swelling, or itching within 24 hours after using sunscreen products containing HuMo Liu ester. This irritability is related to the lipophilic properties of HuMo Liu ester, which may disrupt the skin barrier function, leading to increased water loss from the stratum corneum, and subsequently triggering secondary reactions such as dryness and desquamation.
Allergic reactions
Hu Mo Liu ester, as a salicylate compound, may induce allergic reactions through allergenic mechanisms. Its metabolites may bind to skin proteins as haptens, forming complete antigens, activating T lymphocytes, and triggering type IV hypersensitivity reactions. The clinical manifestation is contact dermatitis, with symptoms including erythema, blisters, exudation, and scab formation. In severe cases, it may affect the whole body.
Phototoxic reactions
HuMo Liu ester may undergo photochemical reactions under ultraviolet irradiation, generating free radicals or other active substances, leading to phototoxic reactions. The patient presents with redness, swelling, pain, and even blisters on the skin exposed to sunlight. Although there is currently limited direct evidence on the phototoxicity of Hu Mo Liu ester, similar salicylate compounds (such as octyl salicylate) have been proven to have phototoxicity, indicating the need to be vigilant about their potential risks.
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