3-Mercaptopropionic Acid CAS 107-96-0

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3-Mercaptopropionic acid, also known as mercaptopropionic acid, molecular formula C3H6O2S, CAS 107-96-0, is an organic compound with important applications. It is a light yellow viscous liquid with a certain irritating odor. Easy to dissolve in organic solvents such as water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform, slightly soluble in benzene and petroleum ether. During the dissolution process, hydrogen bonding may occur, which can affect its solubility and crystallization behavior. Stable at room temperature, but prone to oxidation reactions in the presence of light, oxygen, and metal ions, generating corresponding disulfide compounds. It is an organic acid containing thiol (- SH) and has strong reducing properties. In chemical reactions, thiol groups can participate in various reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, addition, and substitution. Due to its strong reducibility, it can react with oxidants to form disulfides, and can also form insoluble metal complexes with metal ions. In addition, under alkaline conditions, self polymerization reactions can occur to form polymers. It also has some biological and biomedical properties. Due to its thiol group, it has reducing and nucleophilic properties and can bind with biomolecules such as heavy metal ions, proteins, and nucleic acids to form stable complexes. This property makes the product have important application value in the biomedical field, such as detoxification for heavy metal poisoning, protein purification, antibody labeling, and biosensors.

3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), as a bifunctional organic compound containing thiol (- SH) and carboxyl (- COOH) groups, has demonstrated irreplaceable value in various fields such as medicine, materials science, and industrial manufacturing due to its unique chemical properties.

Core application areas: from pharmaceutical intermediates to polymer materials

 

1. Pharmaceutical field: Key intermediates and drug synthesis
It occupies a core position in the pharmaceutical industry, and its thiol group (- SH) makes it a key intermediate for synthesizing various drugs. For example:
Chlorpheniramine (Fennerol): As its core intermediate, it participates in the synthesis of central nervous system drugs and is used to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and tension.
Cysteine drugs: participate in the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acid drugs, such as acetylcysteine (expectorant), through thiol disulfide exchange reaction.

 

Antibiotics and antiviral drugs: In the side chain modification of β - lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin), 3-mercaptoproponic acid can introduce thiol groups to enhance drug stability.
Antidote: As a chelating agent for heavy metal (such as mercury, lead) poisoning, its thiol group can form stable complexes with metal ions to promote excretion.
In addition, there is significant potential in the development of anti-cancer drugs. For example, its derivatives can be used as prodrug carriers to achieve targeted release and reduce systemic toxicity by breaking thiol disulfide bonds.

 

2. Polymer materials: performance optimization and functionalization
Plays a dual role in polymer chemistry:
Stabilizer: As a thermal stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), its thermal stability is superior to that of thioglycolic acid, which can inhibit the degradation of PVC during high-temperature processing and extend the service life of the product.

 

Chain transfer agent and crosslinking agent: In free radical polymerization, the molecular weight distribution of the polymer can be adjusted by thiol groups; In rubber vulcanization, as a crosslinking agent, it promotes the formation of covalent bonds between molecular chains, enhancing the strength and elasticity of rubber. For example, in tire manufacturing, adding 3-mercaptoproponic acid can improve the tear resistance of the rubber compound.
High refractive index polymer: Pentaerythritol tetra (3-mercaptocarboxylic acid) formed by esterification with pentaerythritol is a key raw material for the synthesis of polysulfide esters. This type of polymer has a refractive index of 1.67 or higher, is lightweight and easy to process, and is widely used in fields such as resin lenses and optical lenses, replacing imported materials.

 

3. Concrete admixture: the core component of polycarboxylate superplasticizer
3-mercaptoproponic acid is a molecular weight modifier for polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), which optimizes the water reduction rate and slump retention of concrete by controlling the length of polymer side chains. Compared with traditional naphthalene based water reducers, PCE can reduce cement consumption by 15% -20% and lower hydration heat, making it suitable for large volume concrete engineering. In 2022, the consumption of 3-mercaptopropionic acid in the field of concrete water reducers in China accounted for 40%, becoming the largest downstream application market.

Emerging Technology Expansion: From Nanomaterials to Surface Engineering

 

1. Synthesis of nanomaterials: functionalized ligands and stabilizers
In the semiconductor industry, as surface ligands for metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and quantum dots, stable dispersion and functionalization of nanoparticles are achieved through strong interactions between thiol groups and metal surfaces. For example:
Gold nanoparticles: Gold nanoparticles modified with 3-mercaptoproponic acid have biocompatibility and can be used for tumor targeted therapy and bioimaging.
Quantum dots: As surface passivators for CdSe and CdTe quantum dots, they enhance their fluorescence efficiency and photostability, and are applied in display technology and solar cells.

 

2. Metal surface treatment: chelating agents and anti-corrosion agents
Can form stable complexes with metal ions (such as Fe ² ⁺, Cu ² ⁺), playing a key role in metal plating and corrosion prevention:
Electroplating additives: As brighteners and leveling agents, they improve the glossiness and uniformity of coatings, and are widely used in surface treatment of electronic components and automotive parts.
Corrosion inhibitor: In acidic environments, 3-mercaptoproponic acid can adsorb onto metal surfaces, forming a protective film and inhibiting corrosion reactions. For example, in the anti-corrosion of oil pipelines, its corrosion inhibition efficiency can reach over 90%.

 

3. Analytical Chemistry: Derivative Reagents and Detection Probes
As a derivative reagent, it can be used for the detection and quantification of target compounds in complex samples. For example:
Amino acid analysis: By reacting with the amino groups of amino acids, fluorescent derivatives are generated to enhance the detection sensitivity of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Heavy metal detection: As a precursor of chemical sensors, it reacts with heavy metal ions to produce changes in optical signals, achieving rapid detection of lead and cadmium ions in water.

We are the supplier of Mercaptopropionic Acid.

Remark: BLOOM TECH(Since 2008), ACHIEVE CHEM-TECH is the subsidiary of us.

A method for synthesizing mercaptopropionic acid comprises the following steps:

(1) Acrylic acid is introduced into the gasification chamber according to the set flow rate, and hydrogen sulfide and acrylic acid are introduced into the mixer according to a certain molar ratio to mix evenly;

(2) Starting a plasma reactor filled with a catalyst, passing the mixed gas into the plasma reactor for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature and pressure;

(3) After the reaction was completed, 3 mercaptopropionic acid was obtained by cooling and rectification

The method provided by the present invention can effectively synthesize 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The whole synthesis process is carried out at 0.05-0.1mpa. The process is simple and continuous operation can be realized. The experimental results show that the average yield of mercaptopropionic acid by the method provided by the present invention is 78.77%.

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