1,3-Dihydroxyacetone CAS 96-26-4

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is an organic compound with sweet white powder crystal. Its molecular formula is C3H6O3, CAS C3H6O3. It is a polyhydroxyketose and the simplest ketose. The appearance is white powder crystal, which is easily soluble in organic solvents such as water, ethanol, ether and acetone. The water solubility is > 250G / L (20 ℃), with a lovelytaste, and is stable at pH 6.0. It is the main active ingredient in sun-free tanning skincare products and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals. It is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol by Gluconobacter oxydans.

Melting point 75 – 80 °C , Boiling point 107.25 ° C ( rough estimate ) , Density 1.1385 ( rough estimate ) , FEMA 4033 | DIHYDROXYACETONE , Refractive index 1.4540 ( estimate ) , Storage conditions Store at + 2 ° C to + 8 ° C. , morphological powder , Acidity coefficient ( pKa ) 12.45 ± 0.10 ( Predicted ) , Color White , Water solubility > 250 g / L ( 20 oC ) , JECFA Number1716 , Stable. Combustible. Hygroscopic.

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is an important chemical raw material, pharmaceutical intermediate and functional additive. Its uses are mainly divided into two categories: direct use and indirect use (chemical intermediates). Dihydroxyacetone is a natural ketose, which is biodegradable, edible and non-toxic to the human body and environment. It is a multifunctional additive and can be used in the cosmetics, medicine and food industries.

Used in the cosmetics industry: dihydroxyacetone is mainly used as the formula raw material of cosmetics, especially as sunscreen, which has a special effect. It can prevent the excessive evaporation of skin moisture and play the role of moisturizing, sunscreen and anti-ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the ketone functional group in DHA can react with the amino acid and amino group of skin keratin to form a brown polymer, which makes people's skin produce an artificial brown. Therefore, it can also be used as a stimulant of sunburn skin colour to obtain brown or tan skin that looks the same as the result of long-term exposure to sunlight, making it look beautiful.

For the functional food industry: supplementation of two hydroxyacetone (especially with pyruvate) can increase the body's metabolic rate and fatty acid oxidation, potentially effectively burn fat, reduce body fat and delay weight gain (reduce weight), reduce the incidence rate of related diseases, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce plasma cholesterol level caused by high cholesterol diet. Long-term supplements can increase blood glucose utilization and save muscle glycogen. For athletes, it can improve the performance of aerobic endurance.

Synthesis of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone:

Dihydroxyacetone is an important chemical raw material, pharmaceutical intermediate and functional additive. Its uses are mainly divided into two categories: direct use and indirect use (chemical intermediate).

1: Direct use

(1) Dihydroxyacetone is a kind of natural ketose, which is biodegradable, edible and harmless to human body and environment. It is a multifunctional additive and can be used in cosmetics, medicine and food industries.

(2) For cosmetic industry:

Dihydroxyacetone is mainly used as a formula material for cosmetics, especially as a sunscreen, which has special effects, can prevent excessive evaporation of skin moisture, and plays a role in moisturizing, sunscreen and ultraviolet radiation protection. In addition, the ketone functional group in DHA can react with the amino acid and amino group of skin keratin to form a brown polymer, which can make people's skin produce an artificial brown color. Therefore, it can also be used as a simulator for sunning skin to obtain brown or tan skin that looks the same as the result of long-term exposure to sunlight, making it look beautiful.

(3) Improve the lean meat rate of pigs:

Dihydroxyacetone is the intermediate product of sugar metabolism and plays an important role in the process of sugar metabolism. It can reduce the body fat of pigs and improve the lean meat rate. Japanese scientists and technicians have proved through experiments that adding a certain amount of mixture of DHA and pyruvate (calcium salt) (in a 3:1 weight ratio) to pig feed can reduce the fat content of pig back meat by 12%~15%, and the fat content of leg meat and the longest muscle of the back also decreases correspondingly, and the protein content increases.

(4) For functional food:

Dihydroxyacetone supplementation (especially in combination with pyruvate) can improve the metabolism rate and fatty acid oxidation of the body, potentially effectively burn fat, reduce body fat and delay weight gain (weight loss effect), reduce the incidence of related diseases, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce plasma cholesterol level caused by high cholesterol diet, and long-term supplementation can increase the utilization rate of blood glucose and save muscle glycogen, For athletes, it can improve aerobic endurance performance.

(5) Other uses:

Dihydroxyacetone can also be directly used as an anti-virus agent. For example, in chicken embryo culture, the use of DHA can greatly inhibit the infection of chicken plague virus and kill 51%~100% of chicken plague virus. In the leather industry, DHA can be used as a protective agent for leather products. In addition, the preservative with DHA as the main component can be used for the preservation of fruits and vegetables, aquatic products, meat products, etc.

2. Indirect use:

Dihydroxyacetone molecule contains three functional groups (two hydroxyl groups and one carbonyl group), which is active in chemical properties and can widely participate in such reactions as polymerization and condensation. It is an important intermediate for the synthesis of medicine and pesticide. Reacting with amidines, imino ethers and other substances, heterocyclic compounds such as imidazole and furan can be prepared; Various triglycerides can be prepared by esterification reaction; Ketone substituted compounds can also be synthesized. Its derivatives are also a class of very important intermediates in organic synthetic chemistry, and have extremely wide applications: secondary alcohols with optical activity can be obtained by biological or chemical reduction; For preparing various chiral compounds by aldol condensation reaction; Diels Wider addition reaction directly used in photochemical reaction to prepare carbohydrate compounds; The lactone is prepared by reacting with 2,2-dimethoxycyclopropane derivatives. In addition, some compounds synthesized with its derivatives as intermediates also have the effects of treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and antiviral activities (such as AIDS).

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