Polyacrylonitrile powder, chemical formula (C3H3N) n, CAS 25014-41-9, is a polymer compound obtained by free radical polymerization of monomer acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile units in the macromolecular chain are connected in a joint tail manner. Mainly used for producing polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN), the strength is not high, and the wear resistance and fatigue resistance are also poor. The advantages of polyacrylonitrile fiber are good weather resistance and sun resistance, and it can maintain 77% of its original strength after being placed outdoors for 18 months. It is also resistant to chemical reagents, especially inorganic acids, bleaching powder, hydrogen peroxide, and general organic reagents.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), as a high-performance synthetic material, has demonstrated irreplaceable application value in multiple fields due to its unique molecular structure and chemical properties. Its core applications cover six directions: carbon fiber precursors, textile materials, industrial engineering, medical and health, energy storage, and environmental protection technology, forming a complete industrial chain from basic materials to high-end applications.
Carbon fiber precursor: the cornerstone of high-end manufacturing
It is the core raw material for preparing carbon fibers, and about 90% of carbon fibers worldwide use PAN as a precursor. PAN fibers can be converted into high-performance carbon fibers through processes such as pre oxidation and carbonization, with a tensile strength of 3.5-7.0 GPa and a modulus of 230-630 GPa. They are widely used in aerospace, automotive lightweighting, wind power generation, and other fields.
Typical case:
Aerospace: The key components of the domestically produced C919 aircraft, such as wings and tail fins, are made of PAN based carbon fiber composite materials, which reduce weight by 30% and improve fuel efficiency by 15% compared to traditional metal materials.
Automotive Industry: The Tesla Model S body is made of PAN carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), achieving a 10% weight reduction and an 8% increase in range.
Wind power generation: The Vestas V236-15.0MW wind turbine blades use PAN carbon fiber, with a length of 115.5 meters, and the power generation efficiency is 20% higher than that of glass fiber blades.
Technological breakthrough: Shenzhen University collaborates with enterprises to achieve mass polyacrylonitrile powder of T1000 grade carbon fiber at the thousand ton level, with a strength of 6.8GPa and a modulus of 320GPa. It has been applied in the domestic large aircraft supply system, breaking the foreign technological monopoly.
Textile materials: an upgraded version of synthetic wool
Polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN) is known as "synthetic wool" due to its appearance and hand feel resembling wool, and its production accounts for more than 15% of the total synthetic fiber. Through copolymerization modification, acrylic fiber can possess anti-static, flame-retardant, antibacterial and other properties, and is widely used in clothing, home and industrial textiles.
Application Scenario:
Clothing field: Knitted sweaters made from a blend of acrylic and wool, with a 30% increase in warmth retention and a price only 60% of pure wool products; The original colored acrylic fiber is used for outdoor tents, with a sun fastness of level 5 (international standard) and an extended service life of over 8 years.
Home decoration: Acrylic carpets have better stain resistance than wool carpets, reducing cleaning costs by 50%; Acrylic curtains have a flame retardant rating of B1 (Chinese standard), significantly reducing the risk of fire.
Industrial fabric: Acrylic reinforced concrete is used for bridge construction, with a 40% increase in crack suppression rate; Acrylic fiber filter material reduces dust emission concentration to below 10mg/m ³ in cement plant flue gas treatment (national standard ≤ 30mg/m ³).
Market data: In 2024, China's acrylic fiber production will reach 1.2 million tons, accounting for 45% of the global total production. Among them, the consumption in East China will account for 45%, mainly used for clothing and industrial fabrics.
Industrial Engineering: Optimal Selection of Corrosion Resistant Materials
The chemical corrosion resistance makes it an ideal material for fields such as chemical engineering and energy. Through copolymerization modification, PAN can be made into special fibers and resins that are acid resistant, alkali resistant, and solvent resistant, which are applied in scenarios such as pipelines, storage tanks, and anti-corrosion coatings.
Typical applications:
Chemical pipelines: PAN based fiberglass pipelines have a service life three times longer than metal pipelines in the transportation of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and maintenance costs are reduced by 60%.
Energy storage equipment: PAN fiber is used as the base material for lithium-ion battery separators, with a porosity of 40%, an increase in ion conductivity of 20%, and a battery cycle life exceeding 3000 times.
Ocean engineering: PAN coated steel structures have a corrosion resistance level of C5 (international standard) in seawater environment, and the maintenance cycle has been extended from 5 years to 15 years.
Technological progress: Zhongfu Shenying has developed PAN based high-temperature fibers with a temperature resistance of 300 ℃, which have been applied in spacecraft thermal protection systems, reducing the cost of imported materials by 40%.
Medical Health: Breakthrough in Biocompatibility
Biological inertness gives polyacrylonitrile powder a unique advantage in the medical field. Through surface modification, PAN can be used to produce high-end medical products such as artificial blood vessels, nerve conduits, and drug carriers, promoting the development of regenerative medicine.
Innovative applications:
Artificial blood vessels: PAN based small-diameter artificial blood vessels (inner diameter<6mm) have a patency rate of 90%, which is 20% higher than polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) blood vessels, and have entered the clinical trial stage.
Neural repair: PAN nerve conduit guides axonal regeneration at a rate of 1mm/day, which is 50% shorter than the repair cycle of autologous nerve transplantation, and is used for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
Drug controlled release: PAN nanofiber drug delivery system achieves drug sustained release for 72 hours, reducing blood drug concentration fluctuations by 60%, and is used for targeted cancer therapy.
Market potential: The global PAN medical materials market is expected to reach $500 million by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 12%, of which the Asia Pacific region accounts for over 40%.
Energy storage: the 'core' of supercapacitors
Polyacrylonitrile based activated carbon has become the preferred electrode material for supercapacitors due to its high specific surface area (>2000m ²/g) and excellent conductivity. PAN activated carbon electrode has a specific capacity of 120F/g and a power density of 10kW/kg, and is widely used in fields such as new energy vehicles and smart grids.
Application cases:
New energy vehicles: BYD e6 is equipped with PAN based supercapacitors, reducing fast charging time to 15 minutes and increasing range by 10%.
Smart Grid: The State Grid demonstration project adopts PAN supercapacitor energy storage system, with a frequency response speed of milliseconds and a 30% improvement in grid stability.
Consumer Electronics: The Huawei Mate 60 phone uses PAN based graphene composite electrodes, which increases charging speed by 50% and has a battery cycle life of over 2000 times.
Technological trend: The research and development of PAN and graphene composite electrode materials is accelerating, and it is expected that the energy density will exceed 15Wh/kg and the cost will be reduced by 30% by 2025.
With its diverse modification potential and cross disciplinary application characteristics, it has become an indispensable basic material for modern industry. From high-end manufacturing to the field of people's livelihood, from traditional industries to emerging technologies, PAN is promoting industrial upgrading with the attitude of "material revolution". With the acceleration of carbon fiber localization, breakthroughs in medical material innovation, and iterative upgrades in environmental protection technology, the global market size is expected to exceed 990 million US dollars by 2029, ushering in a new era of high-performance materials.
Polyacrylonitrile powder is obtained by free radical polymerization of monomer acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile units in the macromolecular chain are connected in a joint tail manner. Mainly used for producing polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers (commonly known as acrylic fibers) have low strength, poor wear resistance, and fatigue resistance. The advantages of polyacrylonitrile fiber are good weather resistance and sun resistance. It is also resistant to chemical reagents, especially inorganic acids, bleaching powder, hydrogen peroxide, and general organic reagents.
Method 1: Laboratory Method
The laboratory preparation method of polyacrylonitrile is mainly based on free radical polymerization reaction. The following are the specific steps and precautions:
Free radical polymerization is an addition polymerization reaction that, through the action of a free radical initiator, causes the chain to grow and the free radicals to continuously increase, thereby connecting many monomers to form large molecules. In this process, the carbon carbon double bond of the monomer acrylonitrile is opened, and it undergoes repeated addition reactions with other monomer molecules, ultimately obtaining polyacrylonitrile polymer compounds.
Experimental equipment: three necked flask, constant pressure dropping funnel, magnetic stirrer, thermometer, etc.
Experimental reagents: Acrylonitrile monomer, free radical initiator (such as benzoyl peroxide, etc.), solvent (such as dimethylformamide DMF, etc., used to dissolve the monomer and initiator).
Fix the three necked flask onto the magnetic stirrer and install a constant pressure dropping funnel and thermometer.
Check the airtightness of the device to ensure no leakage.
Add a certain amount of acrylonitrile monomer and solvent, as well as an appropriate amount of free radical initiator, to a three necked flask.
Under the action of magnetic stirring, the monomer and initiator are thoroughly mixed.
Heat the reaction system to an appropriate temperature (depending on the type and activity of the initiator) to initiate the free radical polymerization reaction.
During the reaction process, the remaining acrylonitrile monomer is slowly added dropwise into the reaction system through a constant pressure dropping funnel to maintain the stability of the reaction system.
After the reaction is complete, cool the reaction system to room temperature.
Filter, wash, and dry the obtained polyacrylonitrile product to remove unreacted monomers and solvents.
(1) Experimental safety:
During the experiment, appropriate protective equipment such as goggles and gloves should be worn.
The laboratory should maintain good ventilation to avoid the accumulation of harmful gases.
(2) Experimental conditions:
The reaction temperature, time, and the type and amount of initiator have a significant impact on the rate of polymerization reaction and the properties of the products. Therefore, before conducting the experiment, it is necessary to carefully review relevant literature and determine appropriate experimental conditions.
(3) Product purity:
During the post-processing process, the product should be thoroughly washed and dried to remove unreacted monomers and solvents and improve the purity of the product.
(4) Experimental environment:
The experiment should be conducted in a dry and dust-free environment to avoid the influence of impurities on the experimental results.
Method 2: Industrial Production Methods
There are various production methods for polyacrylonitrile fibers, forming unique process routes.
The commonality of these process routes is the use of solution (wet and dry) spinning methods, with corresponding solvent recovery treatments.
The differences between these process routes are:
(1) Different copolymer compositions;(2) Different polymerization methods (heterogeneous precipitation polymerization or homogeneous polymerization);(3) Different spinning solvents (including dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, vinyl carbonate, sodium thiocyanate, nitric acid, zinc chloride, etc.):(4) Different spinning methods (wet or dry spinning, using different coagulation baths in wet spinning);(5) Different stretching and post-processing techniques;(6) Different solvent recovery processes.The most important factor in various processes is the solvent, which determines a series of process characteristics such as the preparation conditions of the spinning solution, spinning conditions, solvent recovery methods, and wastewater treatment methods. It also affects many aspects such as fire prevention, gas prevention, and equipment selection.
The white solid powder obtained by suspension polymerization method is soluble in organic solvents such as dimethylformamide or solutions such as thiocyanate; The polyacrylonitrile solution is obtained by solution polymerization method.
Method 3: Preparation of halogen-free flame-retardant PAN fibers
Add 1g of vacuum dried P (AN co VAc) fiber into a 500mL single necked flask, adjust the pH of the system by adding KOH aqueous solution, stir at room temperature for 12 hours, remove the fiber, wash it with deionized water until neutral, and finally dry it in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain hydrolyzed P (AN co VAc) copolymer fibers with corresponding pH values of 10, 12, and 14.
To a 500mL three necked flask equipped with a constant pressure dropping funnel, 0.5g of the hydrolysis product of the dried P (AN co VAc) copolymer fiber prepared under pH=12 and hydrolysis conditions for 12 hours and 20mL of dimethylformamide (DMF) were sequentially added. After soaking for 1 hour, 5mL of O, O-diethyl phosphoryl chloride was slowly dropped into the constant pressure dropping funnel at room temperature under magnetic stirring, and then heated to 60 ℃ for 5 hours. After removing the fiber, it was washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and three times with distilled water. After drying, halogen-free flame-retardant polyacrylonitrile powder fiber was obtained.
In 1931, Rain in Germany first produced polyacrylonitrile (PAN), but due to its insolubility in most organic and inorganic solvents and melting temperature higher than the decomposition temperature, it was not possible to use the known solution spinning and melt spinning methods at that time, and PAN could not be made into fibers.
PAN fibers were first industrialized by DuPont.
Polyacrylonitrile fiber refers to fibers spun from polyacrylonitrile or copolymers with an acrylonitrile content of over 85%.
the world's polyacrylonitrile fiber production was 2.6685Mt, and China's polyacrylonitrile fiber production was 473.7kt.
The research and development trends of polyacrylonitrile fibers can be summarized into two aspects;
Firstly
Research on new fiber forming processes, such as using plasticizer method to synthesize polyacrylonitrile copolymers, in order to reduce the interaction between polyacrylonitrile macromolecules and lower the melting point of the polymer, and to use melt spinning process or increase the concentration of spinning slurry in dry spray wet spinning process to improve the mechanical properties of the raw fibers after fiber forming.
Secondly
It is to study new varieties of polyacrylonitrile fibers, such as flame-retardant polyacrylonitrile fibers, high shrinkage polyacrylonitrile fibers, online coloring technology during polyacrylonitrile fiber spinning, anti-static polyacrylonitrile fibers, high water absorption polyacrylonitrile fibers, fine yarn fibers, composite polyacrylonitrile fibers, antibacterial and odor proof polyacrylonitrile fibers, far-infrared polyacrylonitrile fibers, high-strength and high modulus polyacrylonitrile fibers, etc.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is polyacrylonitrile used for?
+
-
PAN is used to produce large variety of products including ultra filtration membranes, hollow fibers for reverse osmosis, fibers for textiles, and oxidized PAN fibers. PAN fibers are the chemical precursor of very high-quality carbon fiber.
What are the raw materials for polyacrylonitrile?
+
-
The main monomer for preparing polyacrylonitrile is acrylonitrile (AN), which can be produced from petroleum, natural gas, coal, calcium carbide, etc., and has a variety of process routes. Currently the propylene ammoxidation method is widely used. Click the product name to view product details.
Is polyacrylonitrile safe?
+
-
While polyacrylonitrile is not considered particularly dangerous, manufacturing and processing processes can pose risks. For example, inhaling dust particles or fumes produced during polyacrylonitrile manufacturing can be hazardous.
Is polyacrylonitrile a plastic?
+
-
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of acrylonitrile. A member of the important family of acrylic resins, it is a hard, rigid thermoplastic material that is resistant to most solvents and chemicals, slow to burn, and of low permeability to gases.
What are the 4 types of polymer structures?
+
-
The four basic polymer structures are linear, branched, crosslinked, and networked. Diagrams of linear, branched, crosslinked, and networked polymer structures.
Hot Tags: polyacrylonitrile powder cas 25014-41-9, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, for sale, 6 6 bromopyridin 2 yl phenanthridine, CAS 1869059 10 8, 6-Bromochrysene, dibenzo b d furan 1 amine, N biphenyl 4 yl N 4 dibenzo b d furan 4 yl 3 3 phenyl 9H carbazol 9 yl phenyl biphenyl 4 amine, 7 4 4 5 5 tetramethyl 1 3 2 dioxaborolan 2 yl dibenzo b d furan 3 carbonitrile