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Potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III), also known as potassium cobaltihexacyanide, typically appears as a light yellow to light brown crystalline solid that is easily decomposed to form an olive green substance. It is highly soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. Sensitive to light, it needs to be stored in a dark, inert gas environment, and at room temperature. Can be used as a reagent product for scientific research and as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical field. It can also be used as a complexing agent to synthesize bimetallic cyanide catalysts for specific chemical reactions, such as chemical selective reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with aromatic amines, ring opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin, and coupling reactions of CO2 with aqueous epoxides.
Additional information of chemical compound:
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Chemical Formula |
C6CoK3N6 |
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Exact Mass |
331.84 |
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Molecular Weight |
332.34 |
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m/z |
331.84(100.0%),333.84 (21.7%), 332.85 (6.5%), 332.84 (2.2%), 335.84 (1.6%), 334.84 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 21.68; Co, 17.73; K, 35.29; N, 25.29 |
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Density |
1.878 g/mL at 25℃(lit.) |
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Potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III) is a compound with specific physical and chemical properties. Its appearance presents as moist pale yellow crystals with a density of 1.878 g/cm ³ (at 25 ℃), a boiling point of 25.7 ℃, and is soluble in water. Due to its unique chemical structure, potassium cobalt cyanide has a wide and important range of applications in multiple fields.
Electrochemical and Energy Fields
1. Preparation of Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium ion Batteries
Plays a key role in the research and preparation of negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Taking the preparation of negative electrode materials with excellent performance as an example, researchers first co precipitate potassium cobalt cyanide with manganese salts.
During this process, cobalt ions interact with manganese ions in manganese salts under specific conditions, forming precipitates with specific structures. Subsequently, the precipitate is pretreated with ammonia solution, which can adjust the surface properties and structure of the precipitate, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent calcination process. After calcination treatment, the precipitate is transformed into carbon coated MnOCo particles.
This carbon coated MnOCo particle has many advantages. On the one hand, it has a high density and can store more lithium ions in a limited space, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery. On the other hand, good conductivity makes the transmission of lithium ions in electrode materials smoother, reduces the internal resistance of the battery, and improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery. When used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, it exhibits excellent rate performance, that is, it can maintain relatively stable performance at different charge and discharge rates.
The high-temperature cycling performance is also excellent, with minimal capacity degradation after multiple charge and discharge cycles in high-temperature environments; At the same time, the volume expansion effect is small, effectively avoiding electrode structure damage caused by volume changes and extending the service life of the battery. Moreover, the preparation process is relatively simple, does not require complex equipment and harsh conditions, and is suitable for large-scale applications, providing strong support for the commercial production of lithium-ion batteries.
2. Preparation of cobalt phosphide
It can also be used to prepare cobalt phosphide, which is a material with good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity, and has potential application value in the field of electrochemistry. The process of preparing cobalt phosphide is relatively complex. Firstly, potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III), cobalt salt, and dispersing stabilizer are mixed and stirred.
The function of a dispersing stabilizer is to evenly disperse potassium cobalt cyanide and cobalt salts in solution, avoiding agglomeration and providing favorable conditions for subsequent reactions. After a period of stirring and standing reaction, the precursor of Prussian blue derivative was obtained. This precursor has a specific structure and composition, and is a key intermediate for the preparation of cobalt phosphide.
Subsequently, the precursor was calcined under air conditions. During the calcination process, a series of chemical reactions occur in the precursor, causing changes in its structure and composition, ultimately resulting in the formation of cobalt trioxide particles. Further calcination of cobalt trioxide particles with phosphorus source under inert gas conditions. An inert gas environment can prevent the oxidation of cobalt trioxide particles at high temperatures, ensuring the smooth progress of the reaction.
After this series of reactions, cobalt phosphide is finally obtained. Cobalt phosphide has excellent catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reactions and has important application prospects in fields such as electrolysis of water for hydrogen production. The method of preparing cobalt phosphide through it provides an effective way to obtain high-performance electrocatalytic materials.
3. Preparation of Double Metal Cyanide Catalyst
It is one of the important raw materials for preparing double metal cyanide catalysts. Double metal cyanide catalysts are a class of compounds with special structures and catalytic properties, composed of two different metal ions and cyanide ligands.
Due to their unique electronic properties and tunable structural characteristics, these catalysts have shown extensive potential for application in multiple chemical fields.
Taking the preparation of a bimetallic cyanide catalyst with excellent catalytic performance as an example, potassium cobalt cyanide is first mixed with metal salts such as ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and complexing agents for reaction.
During the reaction process, cobalt ions and ferrous ions interact with cyanide ions and complexing agents to form bimetallic cyanide precursors with specific structures. Subsequently, specific treatments such as washing, drying, etc.
Are applied to the precursor to obtain double metal cyanide catalysts with high specific surface area and active sites. This catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in chemical selective reduction amination of carbonyl compounds and aromatic amines, ring opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin, and coupling reactions with aqueous epoxides. In the reductive amination reaction between carbonyl compounds and aromatic amines, this catalyst can selectively promote the progress of the reaction, improve the yield and selectivity of the product; In the ring opening polymerization reaction of epichlorohydrin, the polymerization process can be effectively controlled to obtain polymers with specific structures and properties; In the coupling reaction with aqueous epoxides, it can also play a good catalytic role, providing a new method and technology for organic synthesis.
Nanomaterials and Materials Science
1. Preparation of Metal Organic Framework Materials (MOFs)
The substance also has important applications in the preparation of metal organic framework materials. Metal organic framework materials are porous crystalline materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. They have high specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, and excellent physical and chemical properties, and have potential applications in energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and other fields.
Taking the preparation of metal organic framework materials containing multiple metal elements as an example, first mix and stir them with other metal salts such as potassium ferrocyanide and solvents. During the stirring process, metal ions interact with cyanide ions and solvent molecules, gradually forming metal organic framework intermediates containing multiple metal elements.
This intermediate has a specific structure and composition, providing a foundation for subsequent processing.Subsequently, the intermediate is subjected to high-temperature calcination and other treatment processes.
During the high-temperature calcination process, intermediates undergo thermal decomposition and structural rearrangement, forming porous metal oxide composite materials with specific structures and properties. This porous metal oxide composite material combines the advantages of different metal elements, with a higher specific surface area and superior physical and chemical properties. It can be used as a high-performance electrode material in the field of energy storage, improving the energy density and charge discharge performance of batteries; In the field of catalysis, it can serve as an efficient catalyst to promote the progress of chemical reactions.
2. Preparation of Nanoporous Materials
In addition to nano porous indium powder, it can also be used to prepare other types of nano porous materials. Nanoporous materials have high specific surface area and excellent physical and chemical properties, and have broad application prospects in fields such as adsorption, separation, and catalysis.
For example, by reacting with other metal salts and organic ligands, nano porous metal organic framework materials with specific pore structures and surface properties can be prepared. This material can control the size and shape of pores by adjusting reaction conditions and raw material composition, thereby achieving selective adsorption and separation of different molecules.
In the field of catalysis, the high specific surface area of nanoporous materials can provide more active sites, improving the catalytic activity and selectivity of catalysts. In addition, potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III) cyanide can also participate in the preparation of nanoporous carbon materials, nanoporous metal oxide materials, etc. These materials also have important application value in energy storage, environmental protection and other fields.
Raw Materials and Reaction Principle
The mainstream lab and industrial route adopts cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate and potassium cyanide as core feedstocks, with hydrogen peroxide as mild oxidant in alkaline aqueous medium. Cobalt(II) ions first precipitate as cobalt(II) cyanide intermediate, which further coordinates with excess cyanide to form unstable potassium hexacyanocobaltate(II). Oxidation converts Co(II) center to Co(III), yielding stable K₃[Co(CN)₆]. Alkaline surroundings prevent toxic hydrogen cyanide release during operation.
Two-Step Synthetic Operation
Dissolve CoCl₂·6H₂O in deionized water under stirring, then drip dilute KCN solution at room temperature to generate purple Co(CN)₂ precipitate. Filter and rinse the solid with cold water to remove free cobalt ions. Transfer wet precipitate into excess KCN solution, stir evenly, and slowly add dilute H₂O₂ to oxidize Co(II). Maintain mild stirring for 30 min to complete complexation and oxidation, avoiding over-oxidation by controlling oxidant dosage.
Post-Treatment and Product Purification
Filter the reacted mixture to eliminate tiny impurities, then concentrate the filtrate under low-temperature vacuum to increase saturation. Cool the concentrated liquid in ice bath for crystal precipitation, conduct suction filtration, and wash crystals with ethanol to reduce water solubility loss. Vacuum dry at 50–60 ℃ to obtain pale yellow crystalline potassium cobaltihexacyanide. The whole process avoids strong acid environment to guarantee production safety and high product purity.
In the early 19th century, while researching metal cyano complexes, German chemist Leopold Gmelin prepared crude cobalt cyano complexes for the first time by referencing the synthesis route of ferricyanide salts, which were the rudiment of potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III).At that time, he only documented the pale yellow appearance of the product without clarifying the valence state of cobalt or its coordination structure.
In 1847, scholar Zwinger conducted systematic research on cobalt cyanic acid. He fully recorded the complete process of reacting cobalt salts with excess potassium cyanide followed by air oxidation to obtain stable cobalt(III) cyano complex salts, formally established the basic preparation method of this substance, and distinguished the oxidizable cobalt(II) cyano intermediate from the stable trivalent product.
Early scholars mistakenly classified it as a double salt. After Werner's coordination theory was proposed in 1913, researchers confirmed that it belongs to complex ion-type complexes, in which the central Co³⁺ forms an octahedral coordination structure with six cyanide ions.
In 1927, Benedetti-Pichler optimized the oxidation and purification procedures and published a standardized laboratory synthesis method, which has been widely adopted as a general synthetic protocol ever since.
From the mid-20th century onward, this compound was gradually applied in analytical titration, electroplating additives and catalytic raw materials. With the advancement of coordination chemistry, its oxidation stability and low-toxic coordination properties have been thoroughly investigated, realizing its transformation from a laboratory synthetic reagent to an industrial auxiliary agent.
faq
Q:1.What is potassium hexacyanoferrate III used for?
A:Its unique properties allow it to serve as a powerful oxidizing agent, which is beneficial in processes such as electroplating, photography, and the production of pigments. In the field of food science, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) is employed as a food additive and a stabilizer for certain food products.
Q:2.What is the formula for potassium hexacyanocobaltate III?
A:Potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III) | C6CoN6. 3K | CID 159709 - PubChem.
Q:3.What does potassium hexacyanoferrate III test for?
A:Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
This is a yellow solution containing the complex ion, hexacyanoferrate(III), Fe(CN)63-. It is used as a very sensitive test for iron(II) ions in solution as it forms a distinctive blue complex, called Prussian blue, on addition to a solution containing iron(II) ions.
Q:4.What is the formula for potassium hexafluorocobaltate III?
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