Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride, CAS 5810-42-4, The molecular formula C12H28ClN is a chemical substance with a series of specific physical properties. It is a solid at room temperature and pressure, usually white or off white crystals. Soluble in water. The specific solubility may be affected by conditions such as temperature and pressure. Besides water, tetrapropylammonium chloride may also be soluble in other solvents such as acetic acid. May react with other chemical substances, the specific type of reaction depends on the reaction conditions and the properties of the reactants. For example, it may participate in synthetic reactions such as the synthesis of bis (tetrapropylammonium) hexachloropropionate (II) and tripropyltetramethylammonium (II).
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Chemical Formula |
C12H28ClN |
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Exact Mass |
221 |
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Molecular Weight |
222 |
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m/z |
221 (100.0%), 223 (32.0%), 222 (13.0%), 224 (4.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 64.98; H, 12.72; Cl, 15.98; N, 6.31 |
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Tetrapropylammonium chloride (TPAC) is a chemical substance with multiple uses.
Surfactant
Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride, as a surfactant, has a wide range of applications in various fields. Surfactants refer to substances that can significantly reduce the surface tension and interfacial tension of liquids. They usually have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups and can form oriented monolayers on the surface or interface of a solution, thereby changing the physical and chemical properties of the solution.
(1) Detergent:
Tetrapropyl ammonum chloride can be used as a detergent aid in detergents to enhance washing effectiveness. It can reduce the surface tension of water, making it easier for detergents to penetrate into clothing fibers and remove stains and grease.
Specific example: Some high-end detergents or industrial detergents may contain tetrapropylammonium chloride as one of the ingredients.
(2) Emulsifier:
Tetrapropyl ammonum chloride can also be used as an emulsifier to mix two immiscible liquids (such as oil and water) together to form an emulsion. It can form a thin film between oil droplets and water droplets, preventing them from separating again.
Specific examples: In the food industry, tetrapropylammonium chloride can be used as an emulsifier for making dairy products such as cream and butter; In the cosmetics industry, it can be used to make lotion, face cream and other products.
(3) Dispersant:
As a dispersant, tetrapropylammonium chloride can disperse solid particles in liquids, preventing particle aggregation and precipitation.
Specific examples: In industries such as coatings and inks, tetrapropylammonium chloride can be used to improve the dispersibility and stability of pigments, making products more uniform and delicate.
Catalyst
(1) Organic synthesis:
In the field of organic synthesis, it can serve as a phase transfer catalyst to promote ionic reactions at the interface between two phases. It can transfer reactants from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, making the reaction easier to proceed.
Specific example: Tetrapropyl ammonum chloride can be used as a catalyst in the synthesis of certain organic compounds such as drugs, dyes, and fragrances.
(2) Aggregation reaction:
It can also serve as a catalyst for polymerization reactions, promoting polymerization reactions between monomer molecules.
Specific example: Tetrapropyl ammonum chloride can be used as an initiator or catalyst in the synthesis of certain polymer materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
Disinfectants and fungicides
It has certain bactericidal and disinfectant effects and can be used in medical, hygiene, food and other fields.
(1) Medical and health:
In the field of medical and health, it can be used for disinfection and sterilization of medical equipment, surgical tools, wards, and other environments. It can destroy the cell wall and membrane of bacteria, thereby achieving the purpose of sterilization.
Specific examples: Some disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and other products may contain it as a sterilizing ingredient.
(2) Food processing:
In the field of food processing, it can be used for disinfection and sterilization of food packaging materials to prevent contamination of food during storage and transportation.
Specific example: Some food packaging films or bags may contain tetrapropylammonium chloride as an antibacterial agent.
Antistatic agent
It can also be used as an anti-static agent to eliminate or reduce the accumulation of static electricity on the surface of objects.
(1) Plastic industry:
In the plastic industry, it can be added as an anti-static agent to plastics to improve their anti-static performance. It can prevent plastic from generating static electricity during processing and use, avoiding the dangers of fire and explosion caused by static electricity.
Specific examples: Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride may be added as an anti-static agent in certain plastic films, plastic containers, and other products.
(2) Textile industry:
In the textile industry, it can also be used for anti-static treatment of textiles. It can make textiles less prone to static electricity during wearing and use, improving the comfort and safety of wearing.
Specific examples: Some high-end textiles or special purpose textiles (such as anti-static clothing, dust-free clothing, etc.) may contain tetrapropylammonium chloride as an anti-static agent.
Other uses
In addition to the main uses mentioned above, it can also be used in the following fields:
(1) Electroplating industry: In the electroplating industry, it can be used as an additive in electroplating solutions to improve the quality and performance of electroplating coatings. It can improve the uniformity and adhesion of the plating layer, making the plating layer brighter and more corrosion-resistant.
Specific example: In the electroplating process of certain metals, electroplating solutions containing tetrapropylammonium chloride may be used.
(2) Photography industry: In the photography industry, it can be used as one of the components of the developer to improve the development effect and stability. It can promote the reduction reaction of silver ions, making the silver salt particles on photographic film or paper more uniform and delicate.
Specific example: Some photographic developers may contain tetrapropylammonium chloride as one of the components.
(3) Oilfield chemistry: In the field of oilfield chemistry, it can be used as an additive for drilling fluids, completion fluids, and other oilfield chemicals to improve their performance and stability. It can improve the lubricity and sand carrying capacity of drilling fluid, prevent problems such as stuck drill and wellbore collapse during the drilling process.
Specific examples: In drilling operations in certain oil fields, drilling or completion fluids containing tetrapropylammonium chloride may be used.
(4) Electronics industry: In the electronics industry, it can be used for processes such as cleaning and etching of semiconductor materials. It can remove impurities and pollutants from the surface of semiconductor materials, improving the performance and reliability of semiconductor devices.
Specific examples: In the production process of certain semiconductor devices, cleaning or etching solutions containing tetrapropylammonium chloride may be used.
(5) Coatings industry: In the coatings industry, it can be used as one of the additives to improve the performance and stability of coatings. It can improve the dispersibility and leveling of coatings, making them more uniform and delicate; At the same time, it can also improve the adhesion and weather resistance of the coating, extending the service life of the coating.
Specific example: Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride may be added as one of the additives in certain high-end or special-purpose coatings.
(6) Rubber industry: In the rubber industry, it can be used as a plasticizer or antistatic agent for rubber. It can improve the processing and physical properties of rubber; At the same time, it can also improve the anti-static performance of rubber and prevent static electricity accumulation during use.
Specific example: In the production process of certain rubber products, tetrapropylammonium chloride may be added as a plasticizer or one of the anti-static agents.
adverse reaction
Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt compound commonly used in organic synthesis, catalyst preparation, and phase transfer catalysis. Its adverse reactions involve skin, eye, respiratory irritation, as well as systemic toxicity risks under specific exposure conditions.
Acute toxicity manifestation
Skin irritation and corrosiveness
Tetraropyl ammonium chloride is irritating to the skin but does not meet the corrosiveness criteria. According to the classification of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), its skin irritation category is 2 (91.5% of notifications), indicating that exposure may cause reactions such as redness, pain, or rash. For example, in industrial operations, direct contact with solids or solutions without wearing protective gloves may cause damage to the skin barrier due to friction or penetration, leading to contact dermatitis. This type of reaction usually occurs within a few hours after contact, and symptoms can be relieved after detachment and cleaning, but long-term repeated exposure may worsen skin damage.
Eye irritation
When the eyes are exposed to Tetrapyropyl ammonium chloride, it may cause severe irritation and is classified as Eye Irrit. 2 (100% notification rate). Symptoms include conjunctival congestion, tearing, photophobia, and blurred vision, which in extreme cases may lead to corneal epithelial damage. For example, in laboratory operations, if the solution splashes into the eyes, immediately rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical assistance. Failure to handle it in a timely manner may lead to chronic inflammation or vision loss.
Respiratory irritation
Inhalation of vapor or aerosol of Tetrapyropyl ammonium chloride may cause respiratory irritation, classified as STOT SE 3 (97.9% notification rate). Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, burning sensation in the throat, and chest tightness, especially when the concentration is high in poorly ventilated environments. For example, when conducting large-scale synthesis reactions in a confined space, if a local exhaust system is not equipped, operators may experience respiratory discomfort due to inhalation of volatile substances. Long term low-dose exposure may induce chronic bronchitis or asthma like symptoms.
Oral toxicity
Currently, there is a lack of acute oral toxicity data for Tetrapyropyl ammonium chloride (LD50 not specified). However, based on the toxicity characteristics of similar quaternary ammonium salt compounds (such as benzalkonium chloride), ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation, manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. High dose intake may lead to electrolyte imbalance (such as hypokalemia) or metabolic acidosis, requiring emergency medical intervention.
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