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Betaine powder, the core component of which is betaine, is an alkaloid. Its chemical name is n, N, n-trimethylglycine. Its chemical structure is similar to that of amino acid, and it belongs to quaternary ammonium base. Its molecular formula is C5H11NO2. White crystalline powder, odorless and sweet. It can be dissolved in water, methanol and ethanol, and slightly soluble in ether.
Betaine exists widely in animals and plants. Among plants, Lycium barbarum and leguminous plants contain betaine. Sugar beet molasses is the main source of betaine. Among animals, the liver, spleen and amniotic fluid of molluscs such as octopus, cuttlefish and shrimp, as well as vertebrates (including humans) contain betaine.
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Chemical Formula |
C5H11NO2 |
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Exact Mass |
117 |
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Molecular Weight |
117 |
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m/z |
117 (100.0%), 118 (5.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 51.26; H, 9.46; N, 11.96; O, 27.31 |
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Betaine powder has always been one of the favorites of scientific research. Various experimental studies have found that betaine is widely used in the field of human health and feed, and even can be used to kill insects.
1. One of the key roles of betaine in preventing fatty liver is to prevent fatty liver.
While maintaining the balance of the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the body, betaine can also accelerate the metabolism of acidic substances in the body, thereby reducing the total amount of cholesterol in the body and preventing the body from digesting and absorbing fat. Betaine can effectively inhibit the deposition of human fat in the liver. Therefore, while improving the liver function examination, Prevent fatty liver.
2. Skin care:
Compared with glycerol, betaine has an extraordinary moisturizing function. Glycerol achieves the moisturizing function by fixing water molecules, while betaine achieves the moisturizing function by promoting water molecules to be fully absorbed and utilized by all living cells. When the zwitterions of betaine are occupied by water molecules, the water molecules can be easily released to the surrounding liquid. This moisturizing mechanism can increase the moisture content of the skin, and can keep the skin moisturized even at low concentrations.
Betaine can inhibit surfactant, reduce its stimulating effect on scalp, and improve itching and dry hair after shampooing.Under the high osmotic pressure of the external environment, a large amount of cell osmotic substance of the skin will be lost and eventually lead to cell thinking. Betaine osmotic substance can effectively inhibit this process, penetrate into the cuticle of the skin, protect cell balance, alleviate cell damage and aging, and finally maintain the elasticity and vitality of the skin.
3. Prevent hypertension betaine can directly act on the cardiovascular system of human body
Stabilize blood circulation, prevent cholesterol and fat from accumulating in blood vessels, increase the permeability of blood vessels, and thus keep the blood pressure of human body stable and normal. Betaine has a mild hypotensive effect. It has a certain adjuvant effect on moderate or mild hypertension, but it has no great effect on hypertension.
Antitumor, blood pressure lowering, anti peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and treatment of liver diseases. As a feed additive, it has the function of providing methyl donors, which can save some methionine. It has the function of regulating osmotic pressure in the body, relieving stress, promoting fat metabolism and protein synthesis, improving lean meat percentage, and enhancing the efficacy of anti coccidiosis drugs. Used as a attractant in aquatic animal feed.
Alkyl betaine is obtained by quaternization of fatty tertiary amines, which involves reacting N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate in aqueous solution. The general formula is RC4H8NO2, where R is an alkyl group with 12~18 carbon atoms, such as dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, and octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine. Alkyl betaine can be compatible with various types of dyes, surfactants, and cosmetic raw materials. It is stable to sodium hypochlorite and should not be heated for a long time above 100 ℃. It has excellent stability and good compatibility under acidic and alkaline conditions. Low skin irritation, good biodegradability, excellent stain removal and sterilization, softness, anti-static, hard water resistance, and rust prevention.
This product has excellent foaming ability and can make hair soft. It is suitable for preparing shampoo, foam bath, sensitive skin preparation, children's cleanser, etc. Due to its good water resistance, it is used to prepare hard water detergents. It can also be used as a bactericide to kill a variety of bacteria, including tuberculosis bacteria, as fiber, fabric softener and antistatic agent, calcium soap dispersant, disinfectant detergent, gel emulsifier in the rubber industry, rabbit wool fleece shrink agent, fire extinguishing foam agent, etc. It is also a synergist of the pesticide glyphosate. It is also used in the production of dyeing aids, rust inhibitors, and metal surface processing aids.
Alkyl amide betaine, with the general formula RCONH (CH2) nC4H8NO2, where R represents a carbon number of 12-18, n=2, 3. Examples include cinnamyl propyl betaine, cocoyl propyl betaine, and octadecyl propyl betaine. Its performance is significantly improved compared to alkyl betaine: it has excellent solubility and compatibility, excellent foaming and significant thickening properties, low irritation and bactericidal properties. When used in combination, it can significantly improve the softness, conditioning and low-temperature stability of washing products, and has good anti hard water, anti-static and biodegradable properties.
3. Sulfopropyl betaine
Sulfonylbetaine is a quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant with quaternary ammonium salt cation and sulfonic acid anion, RC5H12NSO3, Among them, R is an alkyl group with 12-18 carbon atoms, such as dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfopropyl betaine, hexadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, and octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine. This type of product exhibits excellent surface performance, with outstanding water resistance, good calcium soap dispersion, low irritation, and significant synergistic effects when compounded with other surfactants. For hard surfaces and textiles, it has high cleaning performance and good chemical stability in strong acid and alkali solutions. When sulfonated betaine amphoteric surfactant is mixed with other surfactants in a wide range of PH, it also shows excellent foam performance and thickening effect
Hydroxysulfopropyl betaine has both anionic and cationic hydroxyl groups in its structure, with the general formula RC5H12NSO4 and R being an alkyl group with 12-18 carbon atoms. Not only does it possess all the advantages of amphoteric surfactants, but it also has resistance to high concentrations of acids and alkali salts, good emulsifying, dispersing, and anti-static properties, as well as bactericidal, antifungal, and viscoelastic properties, making it an excellent surfactant for vicious cycle performance. It can be widely applied in various fields such as daily chemical industry, oilfield oil displacement, fracturing, acidification, etc.
5. Phosphatidyl betaine
Phosphatidyl betaine powder consists of two parts, one is a nitrogen-containing cationic part composed of long-chain derivatives of amines and quaternary ammonium; The other part is the anionic part, composed of phosphate salts, with the general formula RC5H13NPO5. In the molecular formula, R is an alkyl group with 12-18 carbon atoms, such as dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine and tetradecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine. This structure determines that it not only has excellent wetting, cleaning, solubilization, emulsifying and dispersing properties, anti-static properties, thermal stability, etc. of amphoteric surfactants, as well as good compatibility, low irritation, and better alkali resistance, electrolyte resistance, and anti-static properties than general anionic surfactants, but also has strong calcium soap dispersibility, low surface tension, and excellent foaming performance.
Method for synthesizing Betaine powder:
Report 1
1. Preparation of betaine concentrate
(1) Put 30% sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction kettle, then add pure chloroacetic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution, stir and make it fully react.
(2) Cool down, pour liquid trimethylamine into the reaction kettle, and start stirring to make it fully react.
(3) Put the betaine aqueous solution into a concentration kettle and concentrate it to 80% of the volume of the original solution.
(4) After separating and removing the precipitated sodium chloride crystals, a betaine concentrated solution was obtained.
2. Preparation and extraction of anhydrous betaine
(1) And the betaine concentrated liquid is dried.
(2) Liquid methanol was added thereto, stirred and heated to make it fully mixed.
(3) To the mixed liquid, betaine hydrochloride crystals were added.
(4) The mixture was concentrated to 60% of the total solution volume.
(5) The insoluble substance at the bottom was separated and removed to obtain a betaine methanol solution.
(6) The obtained solution was crystallized at 0-3 ° C.
(7) The crystal is separated to obtain a crude product of anhydrous betaine in one step.
(8) The obtained crude betaine was dehydrated and dried to obtain anhydrous betaine, with a purity of 98.5% and a yield of 93.5%.
The process is simple, the production cost is low, and the operating conditions are mild. The product can be widely used in feed, food, cosmetics, medicine, biological agents, chemical and other fields, and has great promotion value.
Report II
Take anion exchange resin, treat it into hydroxyl type according to the conventional resin treatment methods such as rinsing, acid washing, water washing and alkali exchange, slowly elute the resin with chloroacetic acid solution, then elute the resin with trimethylamine solution, then wash it twice with distilled water, combine the washing solution and the above circulating eluent, distill under vacuum, separate the water, and obtain white small flake aqueous betaine, and then add absolute ethanol to dissolve it, After standing and vacuum distillation, the scale white substance anhydrous betaine was obtained, with a yield of 95% and a purity of 98.5%.
Report III:
A method for separating and purifying betaine powder from Lycium barbarum includes the following steps:
(1) Dry the wolfberry seeds in the room at room temperature for one week until the wolfberry seeds are rolled into sections, and the dried wolfberry seeds are obtained.
(2) Cut the dried sample of Chinese wolfberry into pieces to obtain the broken sample of Chinese wolfberry.
(3) Mixing the broken sample of Lycium barbarum with water and extracting it to obtain an extraction solution.
(4) After centrifuging the extract, the supernatant I and the filter residue I are obtained;
(5) After the supernatant I is concentrated under vacuum and reduced pressure, anhydrous ethanol is added to the concentrated liquid and mixed to remove sugar to obtain a mixed liquid;
(6) The mixed liquid is centrifuged to obtain the supernatant II and the filter residue II.
(7) After the supernatant II is concentrated under vacuum and reduced pressure, an extract is obtained, and the extract is dissolved by adding an appropriate amount of double distilled water to obtain a sample solution.
(8) After the sample solution is adsorbed by type 732 cation exchange resin, it is first washed with deionized water until the eluent is pale yellow or colorless, and then the betaine adsorbed on type 732 cation exchange resin is eluted with ammonia to obtain an eluent containing Lycium barbarum betaine, where the volume concentration of ammonia is 5%.
(9) After the elution liquid containing Lycium barbarum betaine is adsorbed by 717 anion exchange resin, it is washed with deionized water, and the effluent is collected. After the effluent is concentrated under vacuum and reduced pressure, Lycium barbarum betaine concentrated liquid is obtained.
(10) Freeze drying the Lycium barbarum betaine concentrated liquid to obtain a crude Lycium barbarum betaine.
(11) The crude Lycium barbarum betaine is washed twice with ethanol and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant III and filter residue. The supernatant III is placed in a sample bottle and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain Lycium barbarum betaine. The content of betaine in Lycium barbarum was 87.94% by HPLC.
FAQ
What is a betaine used for?
Betaine is used to treat a lack of or defect in certain enzymes that causes too much homocysteine in the blood and urine. This medicine removes the extra homocysteine from the body. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Is betaine good for skin?
MAIN BENEFITS: Betaine improves water retention thereby keeping the skin moisturized, this helps in achieving plump and healthy skin. This property also helps to fill in wrinkles and it is beneficial for soothing & protecting the skin. SKIN TYPES FOR USE: Suitable for all skin types.
What foods are high in betaine?
The foods with the highest betaine concentration (mg/100 g) were: wheat bran (1339), wheat germ (1241), spinach (645), pretzels (237), shrimp (218) and wheat bread (201). A number of epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between dietary folic acid and cancer or heart disease.
Who should not take betaine?
People should not take more than 10 grains (650 mg) of betaine HCl without the recommendation of a physician. All people with a history of peptic ulcers, gastritis, or gastrointestinal symptoms-particularly heartburn-should see a doctor before taking betaine HCl.
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