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Pure Benzyl Alcohol is an organic compound, colorless and transparent liquid, with faint sweet fruit aroma. It is slightly soluble in water and can be miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, etc. It can dissolve nitrocellulose, benzyl acetate, coumarin resin, glycerin tri rosin ester, frankincense, casein, gelatin, shellac, etc. The molecular formula is C7H8O and the structural formula is C6H5CH2OH. It is one of the simplest aromatic alcohols and can be regarded as phenyl substituted methanol. In nature, most of them exist in essence in the form of esters, such as jasmine oil, hyacinth oil and Peruvian balm. Benzaldehyde is formed by oxidation or dehydrogenation reaction. Hydrogenation can produce toluene, dibenzyl or methylcyclohexane and cyclohexyl methanol. Esterification reaction with carboxylic acid to produce corresponding ester. In the presence of zinc chloride, boron trifluoride, boric acid or phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, a resin like substance is synthesized.
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Chemical Formula |
C7H8O |
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Exact Mass |
108 |
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Molecular Weight |
108 |
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m/z |
108 (100.0%), 109 (7.6%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 77.75; H, 7.46; O, 14.79 |
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Benzyl alcohol, as an important organic compound, plays a crucial role in various industries such as industry, medicine, fragrance, cosmetics, etc. due to its unique chemical properties and wide range of applications.
Local anesthetics:
It has a weak anesthetic effect and is often used as a local anesthetic adjuvant. During the injection process, it can alleviate the patient's pain, especially in the injection of antibiotics such as penicillin, which is often added as a solvent to relieve pain at the injection site. In addition, it can also be used to prepare local painkillers and skin care products, helping to alleviate skin irritation and discomfort.
Preservative:
It is commonly used as a preservative in the pharmaceutical field, and its antibacterial properties can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold, extending the shelf life of drugs. It is widely used in injections, eye drops, ointments and other preparations to ensure the stability and safety of drugs during storage and use. For example, in the field of ophthalmology, as a preservative in eye drops, it can effectively inhibit bacterial growth and extend the shelf life of eye drops.
Solvent:
It has good solubility and can dissolve various drug components, so it is commonly used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry. It is suitable for the preparation process of multiple drugs, ensuring uniform mixing of drug ingredients, improving drug stability and bioavailability. For example, it can be used to prepare vitamin injection solutions as a solvent to help dissolve vitamins and maintain stability.
Organic synthesis intermediates:
It is an important intermediate for synthesizing many drugs and can be used to synthesize various antibiotics such as benzyl penicillin and other drug molecules. Through esterification, etherification and other reactions, it can be converted into various bioactive compounds, providing important raw materials for drug development.
Fragrance fixative:
It has a weak but long-lasting aroma and is often used as a fragrance fixative in the spice industry. It can make all kinds of spice ingredients in essence better integrated, and extend the durability and stability of aroma. It is widely used in the essence formula of perfume, cosmetics, detergents and other products, giving the product a unique fragrance. For example, benzyl alcohol is an indispensable ingredient in the formulation of essence such as jasmine, moonlight fragrance and ylang ylang.
Spice synthesis raw materials:
Can be used to synthesize other fragrance compounds, such as reacting with organic acids to produce corresponding ester fragrances.
These ester spices have unique fruit or flower fragrance and are often used to mix edible essence and daily essence. As an important raw material for spice synthesis, it provides rich choices for the spice industry.
Cosmetic additives:
In cosmetics, it not only serves as a flavoring ingredient, but also has a preservative effect. It can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold, and extend the shelf life of cosmetics. At the same time, it can also be used as a solvent to help dissolve other active ingredients, improve the stability and effectiveness of cosmetics. For example, in lotion, face cream and other skin care products, benzyl alcohol can play a role in moisturizing and moisturizing the skin.
Solvent:
It has good solubility and can dissolve many polymer materials such as resins and cellulose, making it widely used as a solvent for coatings and inks. It helps to regulate the viscosity, drying speed, and other properties of coatings and inks, enabling them to have good leveling and coating performance during the construction process. For example, in the production of paint, it can be used as a solvent to help the pigment and resin disperse evenly, improving the adhesion and glossiness of the paint.
Cosolvent:
When used in combination with other solvents, it can help dissolve and improve the compatibility and stability of various components in coatings and inks.
It can improve the storage stability of coatings and inks, prevent sedimentation and delamination. For example, in the production of ink, benzyl alcohol can be used as a co solvent to help pigments and binders mix better, improving the printing performance and stability of the ink.
Plasticizer:
It can also be used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and impact resistance of coatings and inks. It can improve the film-forming performance of coatings and inks, making the coating smoother and smoother. For example, in the production of epoxy floor coatings, it can be used as a plasticizer to improve the toughness and wear resistance of the coating.
Organic chemical raw materials:
It is an important raw material for producing various organic compounds, such as benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzoate esters, etc. These compounds have wide applications in chemical production and can be used to prepare polymer materials such as plastics, rubber, fibers, etc. For example, benzaldehyde can be generated through oxidation reaction, and further oxidation of benzaldehyde can generate benzoic acid, which can be used to prepare polymer materials such as polyester resin.
Synthesis of Polymer Materials:
Can be used to prepare polymer materials such as poly (phenylpropanoid) ester and poly (benzaldehyde). These materials have a wide range of applications in plastics, rubber, fibers, and other fields, with good physical properties and chemical stability.
For example, polystyrene ester can be used to prepare engineering plastics with advantages such as high strength and high heat resistance.
Intermediate:
It is an important intermediate in certain organic synthesis reactions, such as used in the production of dyes, pesticides, etc. It can be converted into various bioactive compounds through esterification, etherification and other reactions, providing important raw materials for chemical production. For example, reacting with carboxylic acids produces corresponding ester compounds, which can be used to prepare dyes and pesticides.
Electronics industry:
Can be used for cleaning electronic components, effectively removing pollutants such as oil stains and impurities on the surface of the components. It is non corrosive to electronic components and will not affect their performance and quality. For example, in the semiconductor manufacturing process, it can be used as a cleaning agent to help remove impurities from the surface of silicon wafers and improve the purity of semiconductors.
Photography field:
In photographic developer, it can be used as an additive to adjust the performance of the developer and improve the development effect.
It helps improve the quality and clarity of photos, making the image more vivid and delicate. For example, in black and white photography, it can be used as a stabilizer for the developer to prevent premature failure of the developer.
Printing ink:
It can be used as a solvent and plasticizer in printing ink to improve the printing performance and stability of the ink. It helps with the uniform transfer and drying of ink during the printing process, making printed materials clearer and more vibrant. For example, in the production of ballpoint pen ink, it can be used as a solvent to help better mix pigments and binders, improving the writing fluency of ballpoint pen ink.
Dye:
Can be used to prepare dyes, making the color of the dye more uniform and exerting antibacterial effects. It can serve as a solvent or dispersant for dyes, helping to achieve uniform distribution and fixation of dyes on fibers. For example, in the textile printing and dyeing process, it can be used as a dye promoter to improve the dye uptake and color fastness.
Food spices:
Benzyl alcohol is one of the food flavors allowed to be used in the Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives in China, which is mainly added to fruit essence such as almonds, sweet oranges, cherries, grapes, strawberries, etc. It can provide unique aromatic aromas to food, improving its taste and flavor. For example, in the production of candies, beverages, and other foods, it can be used as a flavoring ingredient to give the product a fruity aroma.
this method is the main industrialized method at home and abroad. Benzyl alcohol is obtained by azeotropic hydrolysis of benzyl chloride and alkali aqueous solution, and benzyl ether is produced at the same time, up to 10%. Pressure, high temperature and increasing alkali concentration are all beneficial to the formation of by-products. This method is divided into batch method and continuous method.
Batch method: water, soda ash and benzyl chloride are added to a steel reactor equipped with a reflux condenser and a jacket, stirred and heated, refluxed until no carbon dioxide escapes, cooled the reactant, added salt to the saturated layer, and carefully separated the upper layer to obtain crude alcohol. The crude alcohol can be obtained by vacuum distillation to obtain industrial grade benzyl alcohol with a yield of 70% ~ 72%. The residual benzyl chloride in hydrolysis can be treated with tertiary amines such as Urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine), It can avoid the formation of benzyl ether in the subsequent distillation process. Adding an inert solvent such as chlorobenzene in the hydrolysis can also inhibit the formation of benzyl ether and obtain a relatively pure product.
Continuous method: the aqueous solution of benzyl chloride and alkali is fully mixed at high temperature (180-275 ℃) and high pressure (1-6.8mpa) and then introduced into the hydrolysis zone. The hydrolysis time is only a few minutes. The advantage of the continuous process is that there are few by-products and it can be carried out in a tower reactor, as shown in Fig. 3. Under suitable conditions, the yield of benzyl alcohol with a purity of 99.8% is 98%, and the continuous reaction can also be carried out in a series reactor with stirring.
In the absence of catalyst, toluene is oxidized in liquid phase (170-220 ℃, 1-1.5mpa) to hydrogenated benzyl peroxide. After the hydrogenated benzyl peroxide is separated, it can be treated with aqueous solution of sodium sulfite at ≤ 20 ℃ to obtain benzyl alcohol with a yield of 92.6%, or it can be hydrogenated in the presence of catalyst (such as palladium and skeleton nickel) to obtain benzyl alcohol.
The heterogeneous catalytic reaction is beneficial to the separation of reaction products. In the presence of CO and H2O, supported rhodium clusters can reduce benzaldehyde in 96% yield.
(1) Benzoic acid reduction method benzoic acid cannot be directly reduced by NaBH4, but can only be reduced indirectly or by adding other reagents, such as AlCl3 or I2. However, when Zn (BH4) 2 is refluxed in THF solvent, benzoic acid can be reduced to benzyl alcohol with a yield of 90%.
(2) The reduction of NaBH4 by the corresponding ester cannot be used to reduce the ester, so NaBH4 is often exchanged with cations to enable it to reduce the ester. LiBH4 was reported earlier in the literature. It can be reduced by reflux in the presence of THF and ether. The preparation requires expensive lithium chloride, which limits the application of lithium tetrahydroborate. Zn (BH4) 2 has also been developed in recent years and can be used for direct reduction of esters. Methyl benzoate was refluxed with Zn (BH4) 2 and cyclohexene under nitrogen protection for 4H with a yield of 75%.
use β- The synthesis of benzyl alcohol from benzene and formaldehyde was catalyzed by cyclodextrin. High purity benzyl alcohol can be prepared from toluene, air and hydrogen by high pressure oxidation-reduction method.
Everything You Need to Know
Is benzyl alcohol safe for skin?
As a volatile alcohol, it can pose a risk of sensitivity when used in high amounts but is considered safe as used in cosmetics (usually in concentrations up to 5%, and it may be used up to 10% in hair dyes).
What is benzyl alcohol used for?
Benzyl alcohol is primarily used as a solvent and an antimicrobial preservative, but it has also found use as an antiseptic and local anesthetic. It is also used as a raw material of various esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
Is benzyl alcohol actually alcohol?
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol naturally found in certain essential oils like jasmine, ylang-ylang, and hyacinth. It can also be synthetically produced. It is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma and is widely used in personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.
What are the side effects of benzyl alcohol?
Common side effects of benzyl alcohol include:
Itching (pruritus)
Redness (erythema)
Application site reactions such as: Pain. Irritation. Reduced sensation (hypoesthesia) Loss of sensation (anesthesia)
Eye irritation.
Dry skin (xeroderma)
Skin rash.
Skin peeling (desquamation)
Skin picking (excoriation)
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