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CMIT isothiazolinone, the core component is isothiazolinone, another name is chloromethylisothiazolinone. Methylisothiazolinone is a new product developed relative to the former. the most commonly used are chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylthiothiazolinone. It is a brownish yellow transparent liquid, which can be miscible with chlorine and most anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. It plays a killing role by breaking the bond between bacteria and algae proteins. After contacting with microorganisms, it can quickly and irreversibly inhibit their growth, resulting in the death of microbial cells. Therefore, it has a strong inhibitory and killing effect on common bacteria, fungi and algae. Similarly, there is methylisothiazolinone. The most commonly used product is methylchloro isothiazolinone, which has a bactericidal effect and is used in shampoo, skincare products and other products.
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Chemical Formula |
C3H3NOS |
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Exact Mass |
101 |
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Molecular Weight |
101 |
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m/z |
101 (100.0%), 103 (4.5%), 102 (3.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 35.63; H, 2.99; N, 13.85; O, 15.82; S, 31.70 |
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CMIT Isothiazolinone is a chemical substance with important application value, with the chemical formula C ₈ H ₉ ClN ₂ O ₂ S ₂, mainly composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT). Its unique sterilization mechanism and excellent performance have made it widely used in multiple fields.
Application in the industrial field
(1) Steel smelting
During the steel smelting process, the cooling water system is susceptible to microbial contamination, leading to pipeline corrosion and blockage. Isothiazolone can be used for sterilization and algae killing in cooling water systems, which can quickly kill harmful microorganisms such as Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevent biofilm formation, reduce pipeline corrosion and blockage, improve the operating efficiency of cooling water systems, and extend the service life of equipment.
(2) Oilfield water injection
During the process of oilfield water injection, the growth of microorganisms can lead to problems such as blockage of water injection pipelines and deterioration of water quality. Isothiazolone can inhibit and kill microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae in the water injection system, prevent the formation of biofouling, ensure the normal operation of the water injection system, and improve the recovery rate of the oilfield.
(3) Refinery
The circulating water system and equipment in refineries are susceptible to microbial erosion, leading to equipment corrosion and failure.
Isothiazolone can be used in the circulating water system and equipment of refineries to inhibit the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and other harmful microorganisms, protect equipment from corrosion, reduce maintenance costs, and improve production efficiency.
(4) Thermal power plant
The circulating cooling water system of thermal power plants is a key area for microbial growth. The massive proliferation of microorganisms can lead to problems such as decreased cooling efficiency and pipeline blockage.
Isothiazolone can be used for sterilization treatment in circulating cooling water systems, effectively controlling the number of microorganisms, ensuring the normal operation of the cooling system, and improving power generation efficiency.
(5) Large scale fertilizer plant
During the production process of fertilizers, a large amount of wastewater is generated, which contains rich nutrients and is prone to the growth of microorganisms. Isothiazolone can be used for the treatment of fertilizer plant wastewater.
Killing microorganisms in the wastewater, preventing blockage and corrosion of wastewater treatment equipment, and reducing environmental pollution caused by wastewater.
(6) Industrial cleaning
In the industrial cleaning process, the cleaning solution is easily contaminated by microorganisms, which affects the cleaning effect. Isothiazolone can be used as an additive in industrial cleaning agents to inhibit and kill microorganisms in the cleaning solution, maintain the cleanliness and activity of the cleaning solution, and improve cleaning efficiency and quality.
Application in the field of daily chemical industry
(1) Detergent
Adding isothiazolinone to detergents can serve as a preservative, preventing contamination by microorganisms during storage and use, and extending the shelf life of detergents. At the same time, it can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on clothes during the washing process, keeping the clothes clean and hygienic.
(2) Cosmetics
Cosmetics contain rich nutrients that can easily breed bacteria and fungi.
Isothiazolone can be used as a preservative in cosmetics and added to skincare, makeup and other products to prevent the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, ensuring the quality and safety of cosmetics. Its low toxicity and good compatibility make it widely used in cosmetics.
(3) Shampoo, shower gel
Shampoo and shower gel come into contact with human skin and hair during use, making them susceptible to microbial contamination. Isothiazolone can be used in shampoo and shower gel to inhibit and kill microorganisms, maintain product cleanliness and hygiene, and reduce irritation to the skin and hair.
Application in the medical field
(1) External disinfectant
Some external disinfectants contain low concentrations of isothiazolinone, which can be used for disinfecting skin or instrument surfaces. CMIT Isothiazolinone can quickly kill bacteria and fungi on the surface of the skin, preventing the occurrence of infections. However, it should be noted that its concentration needs to be strictly controlled, as high concentrations may cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes.
(2) Medical device anti-corrosion
Medical devices are susceptible to microbial contamination during use and storage, which can affect their effectiveness and safety. Isothiazolone can be used for anti-corrosion treatment of medical devices, preventing the growth and reproduction of microorganisms on the surface of the devices, extending the service life of the devices, and ensuring the safety of medical processes.
Application in the field of papermaking
(1) Pulp anti-corrosion
During the papermaking process, pulp is easily contaminated by microorganisms, leading to problems such as pulp deterioration and decreased paper quality. Isothiazolone can be used as a pulp preservative, added to pulp to inhibit and kill microorganisms, ensuring the quality and stability of pulp. For example, SD-818 pulp preservative is produced based on the characteristics of the wet end of papermaking. It does not corrode equipment or damage pulp fibers with oxidizing disinfectants, and does not have a negative impact on the papermaking process.
It can effectively improve the cleanliness of paper machines, reduce the number of brushing cycles, and improve paper grades.
(2) Anti mold paper
During the storage and transportation of paper, due to factors such as humidity, the paper is prone to mold growth. Isothiazolinone can be used for anti mold treatment of paper. It can be added to paper coatings or coatings to prevent mold from growing on the surface of the paper, maintain the cleanliness and beauty of the paper, and extend the service life of the paper.
Application in the field of coatings
(1) Prevent mold growth
Coatings are easily contaminated by mold, bacteria, and other microorganisms during storage and use, leading to problems such as coating deterioration and mold spots on the coating. Isothiazolone fungicides are widely used as preservatives in the coatings industry. They react with proteins or DNA molecules inside microbial cells, disrupting their structure and preventing microbial growth and reproduction. It has a good killing effect on various fungi (including molds), bacteria, and algae, and is suitable for coating protection in different environments.
(2) Improve coating performance
Isothiazolinone has good compatibility with other components in most waterborne paint systems, such as lotion, resin, pigment and filler, and will not cause adverse reactions. It can be added without affecting the color, viscosity, or other key characteristics of the coating, ensuring stable performance of the coating. At the same time, it remains stable over a wide pH range and is not easily volatile, thus exhibiting good durability in coating formulations.
(3) Application Cases
Architectural coatings: Adding isothiazolinone to interior and exterior wall coatings can effectively prevent mold growth on the wall surface due to moisture and other reasons, keep the wall clean and beautiful, and improve the appearance quality and service life of buildings.
Industrial coatings: used in coatings for outdoor facilities such as ships and containers to resist microbial erosion in marine environments, protect facility surfaces from damage, and extend facility lifespan.
Wood paint: Wood products are prone to moisture and mold. Using wood paint containing CMIT Isothiazolinone can extend the service life of the product and maintain the beauty and quality of the wood.
Automotive Coatings: In order to prevent mold from appearing on the interior and exterior surfaces of the vehicle, some car manufacturers will add isothiazolinone as a preservative in their coatings to ensure the aesthetic appearance of the car and the durability of the coating.
Applications in other fields
(1) Cutting oil
Cutting oil is easily contaminated by microorganisms during use, leading to deterioration and performance degradation of cutting oil, which affects the quality and efficiency of cutting processing. Isothiazolone can be used for anti-corrosion treatment of cutting oil, inhibiting and killing microorganisms, maintaining the cleanliness and stable performance of cutting oil, and extending the service life of cutting oil.
(2) Leather
Leather products are susceptible to mold and bacteria erosion during storage and use, leading to leather mold and deterioration. Isothiazolinone can be used for anti mold and anti-corrosion treatment of leather. It can be added to the tanning, dyeing and other processes in leather processing, or added to the surface coating of leather products to prevent microorganisms from growing on the leather surface and maintain the quality and appearance of the leather.
(3) Ink
Ink is also susceptible to microbial contamination during storage and use, which affects the printing performance and quality of the ink. Isothiazolone can be used as a preservative for ink, added to the ink to inhibit and kill microorganisms, ensuring the stability and printing effect of the ink.
(4) Dye
Dyes are susceptible to microbial degradation during production and storage processes. Isothiazolone can be used for the anti-corrosion treatment of dyes.
Preventing the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the dyes, ensuring the quality and dyeing effect of the dyes.
(5) Leather making
During the leather making process, leather raw materials and semi-finished products are easily contaminated by microorganisms, which affects the quality and production efficiency of leather. Isothiazolone can be used in various stages of leather making, such as soaking, defatting, tanning, etc., to inhibit and kill microorganisms, ensuring the smooth progress of the leather making process and the quality of leather products.
(6) Wood products
Wood products are prone to mold and decay in humid environments. Isothiazolone can be used for anti-corrosion treatment of wood, by brushing or soaking it on the surface of wood, penetrating deep into the interior of wood, inhibiting and killing microorganisms in wood, extending the service life of wood products, and maintaining the beauty and strength of wood.
The synthesis methods of isothiazolinone mainly include the following:
In 1963, Goerdeler and mittle published the preparation method of isothiazolinone. Isothiazolinone was synthesized from p-thioketoamide by Cogeneration in inert organic solvent.
In 1965, growth and Leonard proposed that, β- Isothiazolinone can be prepared from thiocyanopropyl amine or thiopropyl amine by acid treatment (such as sulfuric acid).
In the 1970s, Rohm & H ass company of the United States applied for a patent for the preparation of isothiazolinone and the same series of substances. The preparation method was to react 3-Light isothiazolinone with a Nanhua agent to obtain isothiazolinone.
In 1973, Rohm & Hass company of the United States also proposed a new preparation method of isothiazolinone series, i.e. reaction of dithiocarbamide and halogenating agent in inert solvent.
In 1974, Rohm & Hass company of the United States again proposed the method of preparing isothiazolinone with mercaptoamide as raw material.
The commonly used synthesis methods include: the closed-loop synthesis of isothiazolinone fungicides with dithiodipropionyl chloride as raw material.
Isothiazolinone compounds were synthesized by using o-n-substituted benzoic amine as closed-loop raw material.
Sterilization mechanism and characteristics
Sterilization mechanism
CMIT Isothiazolinone is an electroactive fungicide, which mainly relies on the hydrogen bonding between the active part on the heterocyclic ring and the base of DNA molecules in bacterial proteins, and adsorbs on bacterial cells, attacking the cell's nucleophile and destroying the structure of DNA inside the cell, causing it to lose its replication ability, physiological, biochemical reactions, and metabolic activities, ultimately leading to cell death. In addition, it can also exert bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects by disrupting microbial cell membranes and inhibiting enzyme activity.
Characteristics
Broad spectrum:
It has strong inhibitory and killing effects on various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and molds, including Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae.
Efficiency:
After coming into contact with microorganisms, it can rapidly and irreversibly inhibit their growth, achieving good bactericidal effects even at lower concentrations.
Low toxicity:
Compared with other ketone derivatives, its toxicity is relatively weak, and its harm to human health and the environment is relatively small.
Strong stability:
It remains stable within a wide pH range (3-9.5) and is not easily volatile, suitable for use in various environments.
Good compatibility:
It can be widely compatible with various anionic, cationic, and non-ionic additives, and can also be used in combination with other fungicides.
Degradability:
It can be decomposed in the natural environment, avoiding the risk of long-term accumulation, and is a relatively environmentally friendly choice. After appropriate treatment, it will not leave harmful residues.
FAQ
What is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one used for?
It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product KathonTM. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant.
What is the name for 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one?
Methylchloroisothiazolinone
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI/MI > 2.0) is also known as Methylchloroisothiazolinone. Application: 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI/MI > 2.0) is an isothiazolinone and preservative agent with antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
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