DBDMH CAS 77-48-5

DBDMH, chemical name 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, is an organic compound that exists in the form of white crystals. It usually appears as a colorless or slightly yellow solid, but can also be a crystalline powder. Its Molecular formula is C5H6Br2N2O2, its relative molecular weight is 285.92 g/mol, and CAS 77-48-5. The solubility in water is relatively low, approximately 1.5 g/L. However, it has good solubility in some organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol and dichloromethane. Decomposition at high temperatures without a clear boiling point. The crystal structure has been studied. It belongs to the Monoclinic crystal system, and the cell parameters are a=10.602 ∨, b=7.244 ∨, c=9.688 ∨, β =  96.53 °. In crystals, the molecules are interconnected through hydrogen bonds. It has good thermal stability and can exist stably within a certain temperature range. However, at high temperatures (beyond its melting point), it undergoes decomposition and releases bromine gas. It can be widely used for disinfection of public places, surface disinfection of environmental objects, disinfection of sanitary supplies, and preservation of food. In aquaculture, it can effectively prevent and control various bacterial and fungal diseases such as fish, turtles, crabs, shrimp, frogs, shellfish, etc; Disinfect and disinfect industrial water, tap water, domestic sewage, and swimming pools.

Dibromohydantoin is an important chemical product, which is used in chemical, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. It has the advantages of good stability, high bromine content and high reactivity. At present, the application of dibromohydantoin and other halogenated hydantoins after compounding has become a research hotspot in recent years, such as the compound application of bromochlorohydantoin and dibromohydantoin, the compound application of dichlorohydantoin and dibromohydantoin, etc. The ratio of effective bromine to effective chlorine is a crucial factor when dibromohydantoin is compounded with other halogenated hydantoins. Under the condition of pH 7.1, the same dose of bromochlorohydantoin and dibromohydantoin compound preparation has a significantly higher killing efficiency than dibromohydantoin or bromochlorohydantoin alone. Many experts at home and abroad believe that the most meaningful oxidative bactericidal chemicalbook agent is the compound halogenated hydantoin after bromochlorohydantoin and dibromohydantoin are compatible. In agriculture, dibromohydantoin is mainly used in aquaculture, including pond disinfection, prevention of water disinfection, disease treatment, etc., and is not affected by water quality, salinity, pH value, water temperature, organic matter, etc. during use. In addition, dibromohydantoin has been used as a highly effective and low-toxic disinfectant in combination with stearic acid monoglyceride and Tween-80, and applied to the surface of navel oranges to prevent mold and preserve freshness, which has achieved good results. It is expected that this preservative can also be used for the storage and preservation of other fruits and vegetables. Therefore, with the continuous development of the chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the application scope and demand of dibromohydantoin will greatly increase.

Disinfectant and Sanitizer

 

DBDMH (1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin) is widely used as a disinfectant in swimming pools, spas, and water treatment systems. Its effectiveness in eliminating bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms makes it a crucial component in maintaining the cleanliness and safety of water in these environments.

It works by releasing bromine ions, which have strong oxidizing properties that can disrupt the cell walls of microorganisms, thereby killing them. This makes it particularly suitable for use in water treatment, where the continuous presence of microorganisms can pose a health risk.

In swimming pools and spas, it is often used in combination with other chemicals, such as pH adjusters and algaecides, to create a balanced and safe water environment. Regular monitoring and adjustment of the levels, along with other water chemistry parameters, is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the disinfection process and the overall safety of the water.

Agricultural and Aquaculture Applications

 

In the field of aquaculture, it (1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin) plays a vital role in controlling algae growth in ponds and other water bodies. Algae overgrowth can lead to several problems, including reduced oxygen levels, increased competition for nutrients, and the production of toxins that can harm aquatic organisms.

By effectively eliminating or suppressing algae growth, it helps to maintain a healthy and balanced aquatic environment. This, in turn, supports the growth and well-being of fish, shrimp, and other aquatic species, enhancing overall productivity and reducing the risk of disease outbreaks.

It's important to note that the use in aquaculture should be carefully managed to avoid any potential negative impacts on aquatic life. This includes monitoring it levels and adjusting dosage as needed, as well as ensuring proper water chemistry and aeration to support healthy aquatic ecosystems.

Chemical Synthesis

 

Bromination Reactions: The bromine substituents enable it to participate in bromination reactions, where it transfers bromine atoms to other molecules. This property makes it useful in the synthesis of brominated compounds, which have a wide range of applications including flame retardants, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

Versatility in Synthesis: It can be used in various synthetic pathways, offering versatility in the preparation of different chemical structures. Its reactivity can be controlled and directed through appropriate reaction conditions and catalysts, allowing for the synthesis of specific target compounds.

Substituent Effects: The dimethyl group on the structure can also influence its reactivity and selectivity in bromination reactions. This substituent can stabilize the reaction intermediates and affect the stereoselectivity of the reaction, leading to the formation of specific isomers or enantiomers of the products.

Preservation and Antimicrobial Agent

 

Dairy Products: It can be used to extend the shelf life of milk, yogurt, and other dairy products by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms.

Baked Goods: In bread, cakes, and other baked goods, it helps to prevent mold growth and maintain product quality during storage.

Processed Meats: In sausages, ham, and other processed meats, it inhibits the growth of bacteria that can cause spoilage and foodborne illnesses.

Industrial Applications

 

Textile Treatment: In the textile industry, it is used for dyeing and finishing processes, enhancing the color fastness and durability of fabrics.
Paper and Pulp Industry: In the paper and pulp industry, bleaching is a vital link. As an effective bleaching agent, it can remove pigments and impurities from pulp, making the paper whiter and purer. This bleaching effect not only improves the aesthetics of the paper, but also provides a better foundation for its subsequent processing and use. In addition to the bleaching function, it also has a strong disinfection ability. In the paper and pulp production process, it can effectively kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and mold, thereby preventing paper products from being contaminated during production and storage. This disinfection effect is of great significance to improving the sanitary quality and safety of paper products.

Other Applications

 

Laboratory Use: It is also used in laboratories as a reagent for various chemical reactions and experiments.
Photographic Industry: It has applications in the photographic industry, where it helps to stabilize emulsions and improve image quality.

The journey of DBDMH began with its initial identification and synthesis, marking the onset of its research. Over the years, scientists have conducted extensive studies to understand its chemical properties, stability, and efficacy in different applications. Early research focused on exploring its potential as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, highlighting its ability to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms.

As research progressed, the applications expanded. It found use in medical media for sterilization, industrial settings for preventing microbial contamination, and aquaculture for water disinfection. The versatility led to further exploration into its formulation and optimization, ensuring higher efficacy and stability.

Recent advancements research have centered around enhancing its performance and reducing environmental impact. Researchers have investigated methods to improve its solubility, increase its shelf life, and minimize its ecological footprint. These efforts have resulted in the development of new formulations and purification techniques, enhancing the suitability for various applications.

Moreover, the market analysis indicates a steady growth trajectory. With increasing demand from medical, industrial, and aquaculture sectors, the global market is projected to expand significantly in the coming years. This growth is fueled by ongoing research, technological innovations, and the expanding range of applications for DBDMH.

In conclusion, the research and development history showcases a journey of scientific discovery, technological innovation, and expanding applications. As research continues, DBDMH is poised to play an even more significant role in addressing microbial contamination and improving public health and safety.

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