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Myristic acid powder, also known as tetradecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with molecular formula C14H28O2 and molecular weight 228.37. It is a white to yellowish white hard solid, sometimes a shiny crystalline solid, or a white to yellowish white powder, odorless. It is insoluble in water but soluble in absolute ethanol, methanol, ether, petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform. In nature, it exists in nutmeg oil (70%~80%), palm oil (1%~3%), coconut oil (17%~20%) and other vegetable oils in the form of glycerides. Prepare various edible spices. Additives, solvents for metalworking and spices.
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Chemical Formula |
C14H28O2 |
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Exact Mass |
228 |
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Molecular Weight |
228 |
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m/z |
228 (100.0%), 229 (15.1%), 230 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 73.63; H, 12.36; O, 14.01 |
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Myristic acid powder (chemical name tetradecanoic acid, molecular formula C ₁₄ H ₂₈ O ₂) is a naturally occurring saturated long-chain fatty acid widely distributed in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, animal fat, and human tissues. Its unique physical and chemical properties - white waxy solid, melting point of 54 ℃, insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and ether - make it a core raw material in fields such as daily chemical care, food industry, pharmaceutical health, and industrial manufacturing.
1. Multi effect synergy in skincare products
Plays multiple roles in skincare products, its application has expanded from basic moisturizing to functional repair and active ingredient delivery:
Moisturizing barrier construction: As a natural moisturizer, it forms a hydrophobic membrane by binding with keratin in the stratum corneum of the skin, reducing water evaporation. The experimental data shows that the face cream containing 5% myristic acid can increase the skin water content by 23% and keep moisturizing for 8 hours, which is better than the traditional mineral oil-based moisturizer.
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory repair: Its weak alkaline properties can adjust the pH of the skin to a weak acidic environment of 5.5-6.0, inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes. Clinical research shows that the improvement rate of myristic acid containing lotion on mild acne is 67%, and there is no risk of resistance to traditional antibiotics.
Its anti-inflammatory mechanism involves inhibiting the NF - κ B signaling pathway and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.
Penetration enhancement and active delivery: Isopropyl myristate (IPM), as a non-polar solvent, can reduce the surface tension of active ingredients and promote transdermal absorption. For example, adding 0.5% IPM to anti-aging essence can increase the absorption rate of retinol by 40%; In whitening products, it can increase the penetration depth of niacinamide to 0.5mm under the skin.
Formula stability optimization: The sodium myristate generated by neutralization with sodium hydroxide is the core component of soap based facial cleanser. Its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is as low as 0.01mol/L, which can effectively emulsify sebum and dirt, while forming micelles to encapsulate active ingredients and prevent oxidative degradation.
2. Functional innovation in washing and care products
The application in the field of care has broken through the traditional cleaning category and extended towards repair, softness, and long-lasting fragrance retention:
Shampoo system upgrade: The soap based system composed of myristic acid powder and lauric acid has better cleaning power (reduced surface tension to 32mN/m) than the single lauric acid system, and prevents secondary deposition by forming micelles to wrap dirt. For damaged hair, myristate esters (such as IPM) can penetrate into the gaps between hair scales, filling the voids and increasing combing ability by three times.
Hair conditioner for smooth repair: Monoglyceride myristate (MG), as a non-ionic surfactant, can form hydrogen bonds with hair keratin, enhancing the closure of hair scales.
Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that hair treated with 2% MG conditioner reduced surface roughness by 58% and increased glossiness by 30%.
Shower Gel Warm and Clean: The myristic acid amino acid salt system reduces the damage to the skin barrier by lowering the concentration of surfactants (from 15% to 8%). Comparative experiments have shown that it can reduce transcutaneous water loss (TEWL) by 19%, which is superior to traditional SLS systems.
Oral care efficiency enhancement: As a dispersant for toothpaste friction agents, it can improve the uniformity of silica particles and reduce enamel wear. Meanwhile, its antibacterial properties can inhibit the growth of oral streptococcus and reduce the risk of dental caries.
1. Construction of emulsion stabilization system
Derivatives generated through esterification reactions, such as glycerides and sucrose esters, are essential emulsifiers in the food industry
Plant based beverage: In soybean milk and almond milk, sucrose myristate (SE-15) combines with protein through hydrophilic groups, and lipophilic groups absorb grease to form a stable oil in water lotion. Laser diffraction detection shows that it can control the droplet size of milk droplets within 0.5-2 μ m and prevent layered precipitation for more than 6 months.
Baked goods: Monoglyceride myristate (MG) forms hydrogen bonds with gluten in flour, enhancing the gluten network structure.
The rheological test showed that the elastic modulus (G ') of the bread dough added 0.3% MG increased by 27%, the volume of the finished product increased by 15%, and the anti-aging time extended by 3 days.
Chocolate coating: Isopropyl myristate (IPM) as a lubricant can reduce the viscosity of chocolate melt (from 5000cP to 2000cP) and improve coating uniformity. Atomic force microscopy observation showed that the surface roughness of chocolate treated with IPM decreased by 42% and the glossiness increased by 30%.
Innovation of vegetable fat powder: In instant coffee and milk tea, nutmeg esters are combined with hydrogenated vegetable oil to form a stable emulsion, giving the product a smooth taste similar to milk. Its microencapsulation technology can double the stability of lipid oxidation.
2. Flavor release and preservation
By regulating the volatilization rate of flavor compounds and microbial metabolism, precise control of food flavor can be achieved:
Essence carrier: methyl myristate (MM), as the solvent of oil soluble essence, can control the release rate of flavor substances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the main aroma components (such as ethyl acetate) of strawberry essence containing 5% MM, stored at 40 ℃ for 30 days, had a retention rate of 85%, superior to 62% of ethanol solution.
Fermentation flavor regulation: During the maturation process of cheese, as a substrate for microbial metabolism, it can promote the synthesis of ester and ketone flavor compounds.
The headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) detection showed that the addition of 0.1% myristic acid to Cheddar cheese increased the characteristic flavor compound 2-heptanone content by 2.3 times.
Preservation extension: Its coating compounded with chitosan can inhibit the respiratory intensity of fruits and vegetables (reduce by 35%) and delay ethylene release. Experiments have shown that it can extend the shelf life of strawberries from 3 days to 7 days and reduce the hardness loss rate by 50%.
1. Innovation in drug delivery systems
By regulating drug release rate and targeting, promote the development of new formulations:
Liposome carrier: Liposomes prepared with a 2:1 molar ratio of myristic acid powder to cholesterol have an encapsulation efficiency of up to 92% and a 24-hour release rate of less than 15% in pH 7.4 buffer, significantly improving drug targeting. For example, the uptake rate of paclitaxel myristic acid liposomes on breast cancer cells is 4.7 times higher than that of free drugs.
Nanoparticle stabilizer: In the preparation of polylactic acid hydroxyacetic acid copolymer (PLGA) nanoparticles, adding 0.5% myristic acid can reduce the particle size distribution index (PDI) from 0.35 to 0.18, improving the bioavailability of the drug. Animal experiments have shown that insulin loaded myristic acid modified nanoparticles have a relative oral bioavailability of 12.4%, which is 3.1 times higher than the unmodified group.
Transdermal absorption promotion: Isopropyl myristate (IPM), as a drug transdermal absorption promoter, can destroy the tight junction protein of the stratum corneum, increasing the drug penetration rate by 40%. Clinical studies have shown that nitroglycerin patches containing 5% IPM have a shortened onset time from 30 minutes to 10 minutes.
2. Antibacterial and antiviral activity
By disrupting cell membrane structure and inhibiting enzyme activity, broad-spectrum antibacterial potential is demonstrated:
Skin infection treatment: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of myristic acid against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans are 64 μ g/mL and 128 μ g/mL, respectively. Its mechanism of action is to disrupt the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane. Clinical studies have shown that creams containing 2% myristic acid have a cure rate of 78% for secondary infections of eczema, and there are no skin atrophy side effects of steroid drugs.
Respiratory virus suppression: Molecular docking simulations have shown that myristic acid can bind to the active site of influenza virus neuraminidase, inhibiting virus release. In vitro experiments have shown that its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ₅₀) against H1N1 virus is 12.5 μ M, which is equivalent to the efficacy of oseltamivir (IC ₅₀=8.3 μ M).
Prevention and control of gastrointestinal infections: It can inhibit the urease activity of Helicobacter pylori (IC ₅₀=25 μ M), reduce ammonia production, and thus lower the risk of gastric mucosal damage. Animal experiments have shown that it can reduce the area of gastric ulcers by 60%.
3. Digestive system regulation
Improving digestive system diseases by regulating gastrointestinal hormone secretion and motor function:
Appetite stimulation: By activating the C-type vagus nerve fibers in the gastric fundus, it promotes the release of gastrin. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that after oral administration of a flavoring agent containing myristic acid, the activation intensity of the hypothalamic feeding center in the subjects increased by 22%, and the appetite score increased by 1.8 points (on a 5-point scale).
Diarrhea treatment: It can inhibit intestinal smooth muscle M3 receptors and reduce acetylcholine release. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that antidiarrheal drugs containing myristic acid have a 24-hour antidiarrheal rate of 89% for acute enteritis, and the recurrence rate is lower than that of the loperamide group (12% vs 23%).
Alleviation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): By regulating the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, visceral hypersensitivity is reduced. Clinical studies have shown that probiotic preparations containing 1% myristic acid can reduce the frequency of abdominal pain in IBS patients by 55%.
1. Plastic modification
Promoting the development of high-performance materials by regulating the crystallization behavior and compatibility of polymers:
Toughening of polypropylene (PP): Adding 5% calcium myristate can refine the size of PP spherulites (from 15 μ m to 8 μ m) and increase the notch impact strength by 42%. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystallization temperature decreased by 12 ℃ and the processing flowability significantly improved.
Biodegradable materials: Introducing glyceryl myristate (GM) into polylactic acid (PLA) can promote the hydrolysis of the material under composting conditions. The 180 day degradation test showed that the weight loss rate of PLA film containing 10% GM reached 87%, which is 2.3 times that of pure PLA.
Nanocomposite materials: Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with myristic acid can enhance the tensile strength of polyamide (PA6) from 65MPa to 82MPa, while reducing water absorption from 2.5% to 1.2%.
2. Lubricant innovation
Isopropyl Myristate (IPM) is replacing traditional mineral oil lubricants with low viscosity, high permeability, and environmental friendliness
Metal processing fluid: IPM, as the core component of micro lubrication (MQL) technology, can reduce cutting force (by 25%) and extend tool life (by 2 times). Its high temperature stability (boiling point 315 ℃) can support high-speed cutting heat dissipation.
Textile machinery oil: IPM is compounded with poly (alpha olefin) (PAO) in a ratio of 3:7, which can significantly reduce the friction temperature of the knitting machine needle tongue (from 120 ℃ to 95 ℃) and decrease the needle breakage rate (by 60%).
Food grade lubricant: IPM has passed NSF H1 certification and can be used for lubrication of meat processing equipment. Its biodegradability (DT50=28 days) meets the EU Ecolabel standard.
3. Coatings and inks
Improving coating quality by regulating pigment dispersibility and film-forming properties:
Waterborne coating: Myristic acid powder as a dispersant can reduce the particle size distribution index (PDI) of titanium dioxide pigment from 0.5 to 0.2, and improve the covering power (by 15%).
UV ink: IPM, as a light curing monomer, can reduce the viscosity of the system (from 5000mPa · s to 2000mPa · s) and improve the curing speed (by 30%).
Anti corrosion coating: Zinc myristate, as a corrosion inhibitor, can form a protective film on the surface of steel. Salt spray tests have shown that it can reduce the corrosion rate by 80%.
Synthesis of myristic acid powder: The reagent production process mainly adopts the enzyme conversion method, which is simple in process and low in cost. It is a process route developed internationally. Enzymatic conversion of L-aspartic acid as raw material- β- The decarboxylation reaction is carried out under the catalysis of decarboxylase to produce L-alanine; L-plant aspartic acid is produced by fermentation of fumaric acid with Escherichia coli ATCCll030 and Pseudo single cell NX-1; Aspartate - p decarboxylase solution was obtained by screening of strains and cultivation of two-stage strains.
1. Myristic acid, also known as myristic acid and myristic acid, is a saturated fatty acid extracted from some vegetable oils. It is contained in many cosmetics. Its main function is to moisturize and moisturize the skin, and it also has a certain skin cleaning effect. If it is used too much, it may cause slight irritation to the skin, especially for dry skin. It is not recommended to use it because it will cause dry, astringent and tight skin.
2. In general, myristic acid is very safe. As long as the regular manufacturer controls the concentration of myristic acid within the specified range according to the relevant national laws and regulations and quality control standards, it usually has no toxicity and harm to the skin, and this kind of cosmetics or skin care products can be safely used.
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