Triacetin liquid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H14O6 and CAS 102-76-1. It is a colorless and odorless oily liquid with a light fruity and sweet meaty aroma, and a slight bitterness at low concentrations. Can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc., soluble in acetone, insoluble in mineral oil. Slightly soluble in water, with a solubility of 5.9g/100ml at 25 ℃. Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and castor oil, insoluble in flaxseed oil. It can dissolve nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, etc. It also has a certain dissolving effect on natural rosin, but it is not miscible with polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and chlorinated rubber. It can be used in daily chemical essence formula, mainly as fixative.
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Chemical Formula |
C9H14O6 |
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Exact Mass |
218 |
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Molecular Weight |
218 |
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m/z |
218 (100.0%), 219 (9.7%), 220 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 49.54; H, 6.47; O, 43.99 |
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Triacetin liquid (also known as glycerol triacetate or triacetate glycerol ester, CAS number 102-76-1) is an organic compound formed by esterification of glycerol and acetic acid, with the molecular formula C ₉ H ₁ O ₆. The physical properties of its colorless and transparent oily liquid, combined with excellent solubility, stability, and biocompatibility, make it a "universal solvent" that spans across various fields such as daily chemical, pharmaceutical, food, tobacco, and industry. This article will systematically sort out its diverse uses from six core areas and reveal its industrial value as a "green chemical versatile".
1. Spice fixatives and solvents
Glycerol triacetate is the core component in the daily chemical essence formula. Its polar solvent characteristics can stabilize volatile flavor molecules and extend the fragrance retention time to 4-6 hours. In perfume, shampoo and shower gel, 0.8% -4% of the added amount can significantly improve the persistence and layering of the fragrance. For example, an international brand perfume, by optimizing the ratio of glyceryl triacetate and coumarin, extended the base note fragrance retention time to 8 hours, and increased its market share by 12%.
2. Cosmetic plasticizers and moisturizers
In cream, lotion, lipstick and other formulations, glyceryl triacetate can replace the traditional phthalate ester plasticizer, reducing the viscosity of the formula while improving the product ductility.
The experimental data showed that the smoothness score of the face cream added with 3% triacetin increased by 40%, and there was no risk of acne. In addition, its cloud point is below -10 ℃, endowing cosmetics with excellent frost resistance, ensuring that the product maintains a stable texture in an environment of -5 ℃.
3. Makeup removal and cleaning function
Triglyceride triacetate has strong solubility in organic sunscreens (such as Ocroline) and pigment powders, and is widely used in makeup remover oils and water. A certain brand of makeup remover oil achieves a 98% removal rate of makeup residue by adding 5% glycerol triacetate, while reducing alcohol degreasing and minimizing the risk of skin barrier damage.
1. Drug carriers and penetration enhancers
Triacetylglycerol ester is an ideal carrier for lipophilic drugs, and its ester bond structure can form hydrogen bonds with drug molecules, increasing drug solubility by 3-5 times. In antifungal ointment, the addition of 2% glycerol triacetate increases the transdermal absorption rate of the drug by 60%, and shortens the treatment course for onychomycosis to 2 weeks. In addition, as an injection solubilizer, it can solve the dissolution problem of insoluble anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel, with a single dose dissolution amount increased to 6mg/mL.
2. Antifungal active ingredients
Glycerol triacetate itself has broad-spectrum antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5% -1% against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton rubrum.
A clinical study showed that in the treatment of tinea corporis with a spray containing 5% glyceryl triacetate, the two-week cure rate was 89%, and the recurrence rate was 22% lower than that of the ketoconazole group.
3. Plasticizers for medical materials
In medical consumables such as PVC infusion tubes and blood bags, triacetin can replace di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to reduce the risk of plasticizer migration. Experiments have shown that PVC pipes with 8% glycerol triacetate added, after soaking in hot water at 60 ℃ for 72 hours, only produce 1/15 of the amount of plasticizers in the DEHP group, which meets the requirements of the EU REACH regulation.
1. Food plasticizers and emulsifiers
Glyceryl triacetate is the preferred food grade plasticizer, with an LD50 (median lethal dose)>5000mg/kg, and is classified as a GRAS (generally considered safe) substance by the FDA. Adding 2% -3% to chewing gum and chocolate coatings can enhance product flexibility and prevent cracking. For example, a certain brand of chewing gum improved chewing durability by 30% by optimizing the ratio of triacetin and polyethylene glycol.
2. Food packaging material improver
As a plasticizer for PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) coating, triacetin can enhance the barrier performance of packaging materials, reduce oxygen permeability by 40%, and extend the shelf life of fresh food. In the coating of yogurt cups, a 0.5% addition can reduce the water vapor transmission rate to 0.5g/(m ² · 24h), reaching an industry-leading level.
3. Feed acidifiers
Glycerol triacetate can slowly release acetic acid in animal feed, regulate the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract to 4.5-5.0, and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. A pig farm experiment showed that adding 0.3% glycerol triacetate to feed can reduce piglet diarrhea rate by 65% and increase daily weight gain by 12%.
Tobacco industry: core raw material for filter plasticization
1. Filter rod plasticizing and curing agent
Glycerol triacetate is a "binder" used in the production of cigarette filters. It has excellent compatibility with cellulose acetate fibers and can be quickly cured at 80 ℃ to form a filter rod structure with uniform porosity. The global annual demand reaches 30000 tons, accounting for over 65% of the filter plasticizer market. A certain cigarette factory optimized the ratio of triacetin and triethylene glycol diacetate, resulting in a 15% increase in filter rod hardness and an increase in pressure drop stability to ± 5Pa.
2. Focus reduction and damage reduction function
Triacetylglycerol ester can improve the retention efficiency of filters for tar and nicotine. Experimental data shows that adding 2% triacetin glycerol ester to the filter can increase the tar retention rate from 38% to 45%, while reducing carbon monoxide release by 12%.
1. Coatings and ink solvents
Triacetin liquid is an efficient solvent for acrylic and epoxy resins, with a volatilization rate between ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, which can optimize the leveling performance of coatings. Adding 10% glycerol triacetate to the original car paint can increase the glossiness of the paint film to 90GU (60 ° angle) and achieve adhesion level 0 (GB/T 9286-1998).
2. Casting hardener
In the casting sand binder, triacetin can replace traditional polyvinyl alcohol, shorten the hardening time to 15 minutes, and increase the strength of the sand by 30%. A certain foundry application shows that its use can reduce the scrap rate from 8% to 2%, saving over 2 million yuan in annual costs.
3. Diesel fuel additives
Triacetylglycerol ester, as a cold flow improver, can lower the pour point of diesel fuel by 8-10 ℃ and improve low-temperature fluidity. Adding 0.5% glycerol triacetate to diesel at -10 ℃ can smoothly start the diesel engine and reduce exhaust nitrogen oxide emissions by 15%.
Frontier Technology: Innovative Applications of New Energy and Biomaterials
1. Electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries
Triacetylglycerol ester, as a film-forming additive, can form a stable SEI film on the negative electrode surface, improving the battery cycle life. Experiments have shown that adding 3% glycerol triacetate electrolyte can increase the capacity retention rate of lithium-ion batteries from 82% to 91% after 500 cycles at 1C rate.
2. Biodegradable material plasticizers
In polylactic acid (PLA) films, triacetin can enhance material flexibility, increasing the elongation at break from 5% to 80%. A packaging company's application shows that its use can make the puncture resistance strength of PLA film reach 0.8N/μ m, meeting the needs of fresh food packaging.
3. 3D printing support materials
The composite system of triacetin glycerol ester and photosensitive resin can achieve high-precision support structure printing. The dissolution rate can be controlled by adjusting the content of acetate groups, and it can be completely dissolved in 40 ℃ water within 2 hours with a residual rate of less than 0.1%.
It is obtained by esterification of glycerol and triacetin liquid. Preheat glycerin to 50-60 ℃, then add acetic acid, benzene and sulfuric acid. Heat, stir and reflux for dehydration, recover benzene after dehydration, add acetic anhydride, and heat for 4h. After cooling, neutralize the pH to 7 with 5% sodium carbonate, remove the water layer, and dry the crude oil with calcium chloride. Distill under reduced pressure and collect 128-131 ℃ (0.93kPa) distillate, which is glycerol triacetate.
It is obtained by esterification of acetic anhydride and hot glycerin and vacuum distillation purification.
The invention discloses a preparation method of glyceryl triacetate, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and activated carbon with pH=1 in a mass ratio of 1:; Step (2) The catalyst prepared in step (1) is mixed with glycerin, acetic acid and dehydrating agent, heated to 100 ℃~150 ℃ for reaction, and treated to obtain glyceryl triacetate; The volume mass ratio of glycerol to catalyst is 1: (0.004~0.10). The preparation method provided by the invention adopts a novel catalytic reaction, the esterification time is shortened by about 10 hours, energy is saved, and the cost is reduced; Compared with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, using the new catalyst to prepare glyceryl triacetate can reduce the byreaction polymerization products and increase the purity of the product from 98.0%~99.0% to more than 99.7%.
FAQ
1. How does it "reveal" the microclimate of the museum in silence?
Triacetin is the "hidden breath" of old acetate film and certain cultural relics coatings. In humid air, it undergoes a silent hydrolysis, releasing trace amounts of acetic acid, resulting in "vinegar syndrome" - museum conservators regard it as a warning sign. By detecting its stability, they can reverse-engineer to detect the slightest deviation in the temperature and humidity of the exhibition hall, becoming a chemical sentinel for cultural heritage.
2. Why is it an invisible driving force in some "nicotine replacement therapies"?
As a highly utilized solvent in electronic cigarette oil and oral inhalation tobacco, Triacetin, with its moderate polarity and extremely low throat irritation, can uniformly "trap" nicotine molecules and regulate their release rate and sensory experience. This covert carrier role enables it to inadvertently participate in the complex game of contemporary addiction behaviors and withdrawal interventions.
3. How did it become a "hidden trap" for entomologists?
Due to its excellent solubility and sustained-release properties for certain pheromones and attractants, Triacetin is used to formulate special insect lure cores. In field monitoring, a single drop of a Triacetin solution can continuously release an accurate dose of odor signals for several weeks, serving as a chemical anchor for trapping invasive species or studying ecological chains, subtly rewriting the fate of local insect populations.
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