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Ethyl lactate, also known as ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H10O3 and CAS 97-64-3. It is a colorless and transparent liquid that is completely miscible with water and partially decomposes. It is easily soluble in alcohols, ethers, ketones, and esters. It is a green and environmentally friendly biological product synthesized from pure natural renewable resources such as corn, which has the characteristics of renewability, degradability, high boiling point, low volatility, good odor, and good biocompatibility. It is mainly used to prepare apple, pineapple, caramel, frankincense and other edible essence, as well as rum, Baijiu and other alcohol essence, and can also be used as solvents for cellulose esters, resins, coatings, etc.
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Chemical Formula |
C5H10O3 |
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Exact Mass |
118 |
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Molecular Weight |
118 |
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m/z |
118 (100.0%), 119 (5.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 50.84; H, 8.53; O, 40.63 |
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Ethyl lactate (chemical formula C5H01O3), also known as ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, is a colorless and transparent liquid with a unique wine aroma. It is miscible with water and various organic solvents.
It is an important natural flavor compound in the food industry. Its fruity and frankincense characteristics make it a key raw material for preparing edible essence. According to the Chinese National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014), it is explicitly listed as an allowed edible flavoring. The specific application scenarios and dosage standards are as follows:
1. Wine seasoning
Rum and Baijiu: it can enhance the mellow feeling and aroma level of the wine, and its typical addition amount is 1000mg/kg. For example, in rum production, it works synergistically with components such as ethyl acetate and ethyl butyrate to form a unique caramel and tropical fruit aroma.
Fruit wine and grape wine: As an auxiliary spice, it can enhance the roundness of the wine body, and the dosage is usually controlled at 50-200mg/kg.
2. Baking and Candy
Baked food: In baked goods such as bread and cakes, it can simulate the aroma of cream and caramel, with a maximum usage of 71mg/kg.
For example, a certain brand of caramel flavored cookies extended the fragrance retention time of the product by 30% by adding 0.05% it.
Candy and chewing gum: They are the core flavoring components of hard candy, soft candy, and chewing gum, with a dosage range of 28-3100mg/kg. For example, a fruit flavored chewing gum achieves a balance between long-lasting aroma and refreshing taste by combining product and triethyl citrate.
3. Dairy products and cold drinks
Milk and cream: can enhance the natural aroma of dairy products, and the dosage is usually 100-500mg/kg. For example, a certain brand of yogurt adds 0.02% ethyl latate to make the product flavor closer to hand fermented yogurt.
Cold drinks: In frozen drinks such as ice cream and ice cream, the addition amount is generally 17mg/kg, which can effectively mask the bean or starch flavor in the raw materials.
Ethyl latate is widely used in chemical fields such as coatings, inks, and resins due to its low toxicity, high solubility, and biodegradability, making it an ideal substitute for traditional organic solvents.
Coatings and inks
Nitrocellulose coating: It can be used as the main solvent for nitrocellulose, with a solubility comparable to acetone but lower volatility, which can significantly reduce coating foaming. For example, a certain car repair paint reduced VOC emissions by 40% and shortened drying time by 15% by using ethyl latate instead of 50% toluene.
UV ink: As a diluent in UV curable ink, it can enhance the leveling and adhesion of the ink. A printing company's experiment showed that adding 5% ethyl latate to UV ink can improve the wear resistance of printed products by 2 levels.
Resin and Plastic
Acetate fiber: It is a high-quality solvent for acetate fiber, with a dissolution rate 30% faster than dichloromethane and no carcinogenic risk.
A certain eyeglass lens manufacturing enterprise has increased the product qualification rate from 85% to 98% by switching to ethyl lactate.Alkyd resin: In the synthesis of alkyd resin, it can be used as a reaction medium, and its high boiling point characteristic (151 ℃) can prolong the reaction time and improve the uniformity of resin molecular weight distribution.
Cleaning and degreasing agents:Electronic component cleaning: Due to its low metal ion content (<10ppb), it is widely used for cleaning precision components such as semiconductors and liquid crystal panels. A chip manufacturer has reduced cleaning costs by 60% and has no risk of ozone layer depletion by using ethyl latate instead of Freon.
Metal degreasing: In the degreasing process of automotive parts, it can replace trichloroethylene, and its degreasing efficiency is equivalent, but the cost of wastewater treatment is reduced by 75%.
The applications in the pharmaceutical field cover multiple directions, such as synthetic intermediates, formulation excipients, and disinfectants.
1.Drug Synthesis
Intermediate of antibiotics: It is a key raw material for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics, and its ester structure can participate in multi-step reactions to improve product yield. For example, in the synthesis of cefotaxime sodium, the introduction of ethyl latate increased the overall yield from 65% to 82%.
Antitumor drugs: can be used as solvents for paclitaxel analogs, with better biocompatibility than dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which can reduce the drug's irritation to blood vessels.
2. Pharmaceutical adjunct
Tablet lubricant: It can be used as a lubricant in the tablet pressing process, and its lubricating effect is better than magnesium stearate, without affecting the drug dissolution rate. A certain sustained-release tablet increased its hardness by 20% and shortened its disintegration time to 15 minutes by adding 0.5% ethyl latate.
Transdermal patch: It can serve as a transdermal absorption enhancer, and its molecular structure can break down the lipid bilayer of the skin's stratum corneum, increasing drug penetration rate. Experiments have shown that adding 2% ethyl latate to nitroglycerin patches increases the cumulative transdermal volume by 1.8 times over 24 hours.
In the electronics industry, it is mainly used as a cleaning agent and photoresist solvent, with high purity (≥ 99.9%) and low metal ion content.
1. Semiconductor cleaning
Wafer cleaning: It can replace hydrofluoric acid (HF) for the removal of metal ions on the surface of silicon wafers. Its cleaning efficiency is comparable to HF, but there is no corrosion risk. A 12 inch wafer fab has increased product yield from 92% to 96% by using ethyl latate.
Photoresist stripping: In the deep ultraviolet photoresist stripping process, residual photoresist can be completely dissolved without damaging the underlying dielectric layer. A test conducted by a storage chip company showed that the stripping rate of the stripping solution is 40% faster than that of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).
2. LCD panel manufacturing
Alignment layer coating: As a solvent for polyimide alignment agents, its low surface tension characteristics can improve coating uniformity. By optimizing the concentration of ethyl latate, the alignment layer thickness deviation of a certain 8.5-generation LCD panel line was reduced from ± 5% to ± 2%.
Agricultural sector: a booster for green pesticides
1. Pesticide solvents
Herbicide: can replace traditional solvents such as toluene and xylene, and is used in the formulation of herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. A large-scale agricultural chemical enterprise experiment showed that the field efficacy of ethyl latate based herbicides is comparable to oil-based formulations, but the volatility loss is reduced by 30%.
Insecticides: In pyrethroid insecticides, it can enhance the spread of the pesticide on plant surfaces. For example, adding 5% ethyl lactate to chlorpyrifos emulsion can increase leaf deposition by 25%.
2. Plant growth regulator
It can be used as a solvent for plant hormones such as gibberellin and cytokinin, and its low toxicity is suitable for foliar spraying. A certain fruit tree plantation increased the fruit enlargement rate by 15% and did not cause any phytotoxicity by using a lactic acid ethyl ester gibberellin solution.
1. Biodiesel catalyst
Can be used as a catalyst for ester exchange reactions in the production of biodiesel. Its catalytic efficiency is comparable to sodium hydroxide, but it can avoid saponification side reactions. A certain biodiesel plant increased the product yield from 88% to 95% and reduced wastewater COD by 60% by using ethyl latate catalyst.
2. Artificial pearl solvent
In the production of artificial pearls, nitrocellulose can be dissolved to form a uniform coating. A certain jewelry company improved the glossiness of pearls by 2 levels and increased their wear resistance by 30% by optimizing the concentration of ethyl latate.
3. Special raw materials for 3D printing resin
In the actual production of a dental model 3D printing enterprise, this product successfully solved the common problems of layer patterns and step effects in high-precision printing by using a special resin formulated based on this product. This has achieved a qualitative leap in the forming accuracy of printing equipment: the model detail resolution has been increased from the conventional 50 μ m to 20 μ m. This improvement not only ensures the clarity of fine structures such as dental crowns, bridges, and gingival grooves, but also significantly reduces the manual polishing process after printing, improving the comfort and clinical adaptability of dental products.
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