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Congo red powder is an organic compound with the molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O6S2, CAS 573-58-0. It is a brownish red powder that is easily soluble in hot water and 10 parts of cold water. The solution is yellow red; It is orange in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, and almost insoluble in ether. Orange in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone. It is dark blue in concentrated sulfuric acid and light blue after dilution. Its aqueous solution is added with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form bright blue precipitate; Acetic acid is added to produce blue precipitates that turn from blue light purple to reddish blue. It is insoluble in concentrated caustic soda. It is sensitive to acid and salt. Even if carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air, the color will turn blue and dark, but the original color can be restored by treating with dilute soda. It is used as an acid-base indicator. The color change range is 3.5 to 5.2. The alkali state is red, and the acid state is blue purple. It is also used to diagnose amyloidosis.
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Chemical Formula |
C32H22N4Na2O6S2 |
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Exact Mass |
668 |
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Molecular Weight |
669 |
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m/z |
668 (100.0%), 669 (34.6%), 670 (9.0%), 670 (5.8%), 671 (3.1%), 669 (1.6%), 669 (1.5%), 670 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.48; H, 3.32; N, 8.38; Na, 6.88; O, 14.36; S, 9.59 |
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Congo red powder synthesis:
It is prepared by diazotizing leucoaniline, coupling with sodium 1,4-aminonaphthalene sulfonate, and then salting out, filtering and drying.
Specific operation: dissolve 48.4g benzidine in 300ml hydrochloric acid (containing 20ml concentrated hydrochloric acid), add ice to cool it to below 5 ℃, add 30ml concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then add 10% aqueous solution prepared by 14.4g sodium nitrite. After the completion of diazotization, slowly add the diazonium salt solution into the solution composed of 150g sodium p-aminonaphthalene sulfonate and a small amount of water. After placing for half an hour, slowly add 35g sodium carbonate under full stirring to make the solution alkaline. After heating to about 80 ℃, cool it, filter it, wash it with saturated brine, and dry it to get the finished product. Consumption of raw materials for industrial preparation (kg/t) Benzidine (100%) 200 Sodium aminonaphthalene sulfonate (100%) 520 Sodium nitrite (industrial) 160 Hydrochloric acid (31%) 330 Soda ash (industrial) 340 Refined salt 2500 Swire oil 9 Ethanol 60 Sodium acetate 35 Sodium sulfate 50.
Congo Red is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C32H22N6Na2O6S2. It appears as a brownish red powder, with a yellow red color when dissolved in water and an orange color when dissolved in alcohol.
(1) Acid-base indicator
Congo red can be used as an acid-base indicator, with a color change range of pH 3.5 to 5.2. The alkaline state is red, and the acidic state is blue purple. In practical applications, it is often made into Congo red test strips for rapid detection of the acidity and alkalinity of solutions. For example, in the laboratory, when making preliminary judgments on solutions with unknown acidity or alkalinity, Congo red test paper can provide intuitive color change information, help experimenters understand the approximate acidity or alkalinity range of the solution, and provide reference for subsequent experimental operations.
(2) Adsorption indicator
Congo red powder can be used as an adsorption indicator for the determination of halides, thiocyanates, zinc, and other substances. During the measurement process, Congo red will adsorb onto the surface of the precipitate, and the endpoint will be determined based on its color change.
Taking the determination of halides as an example, in precipitation titration, when halides react with titrants to form precipitates, Congo red will adsorb on the surface of the precipitates, causing a change in the color of the solution and accurately indicating the endpoint of titration, thereby improving the accuracy of the determination.
(3) Analytical reagents
Congo red can also be used as an analytical reagent to detect the presence and concentration of proteins, cholesterol, and DNA. In protein detection, Congo red can bind to proteins and produce specific color reactions, and the protein content can be quantitatively determined through colorimetric methods. Congo red can also play a similar role in cholesterol and DNA testing, providing important analytical tools for biochemical research and clinical diagnosis.
(1) Textile dyes
Congo red was widely used for dyeing cotton and viscose. However, due to its easy conversion to blue when exposed to acid and the lack of appropriate treatment methods to improve its wet treatment fastness, the use of this product in dyeing has gradually decreased since the emergence of insoluble azo dyes and direct acid resistant bright red 4BS. However, in some situations where color fastness is not a high requirement, Congo red still has certain application value.
(2) Paper industry
Congo red is widely used in the paper industry. It can be used for dyeing and marking paper, giving it a specific color and identification. For example, in the production of some special-purpose paper, Congo red can give the paper a bright color to meet different usage needs. Meanwhile, Congo red can also be used to test the quality and performance of paper, by observing its adsorption and distribution on the paper, and evaluating the uniformity and stability of the paper.
(3) Other industrial applications
Congo red can also be used in dyeing paper, coatings, inks, and other fields. Congo red can be used as a coloring agent in coatings and inks, providing a wide range of color options for products. In the production of dyed paper, Congo red can give the paper a unique color and texture, increasing the aesthetics and added value of the product.
Medical field
(1) Diagnosis of amyloid lesions
Congo red binding is used as a diagnostic test for the presence of amyloid protein in tissue sections. Congo red tissue chemical staining can serve as a simple screening tool for studying whether aggregates in mutant cells have misfolded beta fold secondary structures. In the field of histology, Congo red is used to stain amyloid, an abnormally folded fibrous protein that deposits in the extracellular space of organs under certain pathological conditions. As it accumulates, it will gradually replace normal tissue elements, ultimately leading to the loss of important organ function. Through Congo red staining, doctors can observe the deposition of amyloid protein, thereby accurately diagnosing amyloid lesions.
(2) Differential diagnosis of connective tissue
Congo red is commonly used in medicine for the differential diagnosis of connective tissue. When proteins in the human body bind to Congo red, a red reaction occurs, while fibrin does not.
Therefore, doctors can determine whether Congo red is fibrin by observing whether it is present in the patient's body fluids. The Congo Red staining test usually involves injecting a solution containing Congo Red into the patient's body and observing it after a period of time. If the patient's blood contains fibrin, it will appear blue-green in a short period of time; But if there is no fibrin in the patient's blood, it may take longer to see the color change.
(3) Diagnosis assistance for other diseases
Congo red can also be used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma and myeloma. In the diagnosis process of these diseases, Congo red staining can help doctors observe the morphology and structure of diseased tissues, detect abnormal protein deposition or cellular changes, and provide important basis for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
(4) Drug development and therapeutic applications
Drug testing and analysis: Congo Red plays an important role in drug testing and analysis. It can serve as an indicator or staining agent for detecting the presence or absence of specific components in drugs. For example, in the production process of pharmaceutical preparations, Congo red can be used to detect the acidity and alkalinity of drugs to ensure their stability and suitability.
Drug research and development: In the early stages of drug research, Congo red can be used as a fluorescent probe to evaluate the drug activity of compounds and their interactions with targets. The use of this fluorescent probe can provide a fast and high-throughput screening method, which helps accelerate the discovery and development process of new drugs.
Research on drug delivery systems: Congo red can be used as a fluorescent marker to track drug release and delivery processes in drug delivery systems. By observing the fluorescence signal of Congo red, researchers can evaluate the release rate, targeting, and biological distribution of drugs, thereby optimizing the design and efficacy of drug delivery systems.
Specific therapeutic areas: In cancer treatment, Congo red powder can serve as a fluorescent probe to assist in tumor detection and surgical procedures. This fluorescence guided surgical technique can help doctors more accurately locate and remove tumor tissue, reduce damage to healthy tissue, and improve surgical efficacy. In addition, Congo red can also prevent the accumulation of some abnormal proteins in the brain and prevent Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder in which the patient's cells mistakenly produce a harmful substance called the "Huntington protein". These abnormal proteins accumulate into clumps, damaging some brain cells, especially those related to muscle control, leading to uncontrollable twitching and the development of dementia. Congo red can attach to abnormal proteins, clearly showing the accumulation area of protein blocks, and can also slow down the protein accumulation process. Brain cells treated with Congo red are less likely to die. Experimental mice with Huntington's disease genes also showed less neurological dysfunction after receiving injections of Congo red dye.
Medical effect:
1. Scientists from Harvard Medical School reported in the journal Nature published on the 23rd that Congo red, a dye commonly used in medical experiments, can prevent the accumulation of some abnormal proteins in the brain and prevent Huntington's chorea.
2. Huntington's chorea is a genetic disease that usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. The patient's cells mistakenly produce a harmful substance called "Huntington's protein". These abnormal proteins accumulate into clumps and damage some brain cells, especially those related to muscle control, leading to uncontrollable tremors in patients and dementia.
3. Congo red is a common cell marker dye in medical experiments. When researchers examine brain slices of Huntington's chorea patients, they usually stain them with Congo red. Congo red can attach to abnormal proteins, clearly showing the accumulation area of protein blocks.
4. The brain cell tissue culture experiment conducted by scientists from Harvard Medical School showed that Congo red dye could not only attach to abnormal protein blocks, but also slow down the accumulation process of protein. Brain cells treated with Congo red were not easy to die. The experimental mice with Huntington's chorea gene also had less nervous dysfunction after receiving Congo red dye injection.
5. Scientists said that this discovery provides a new idea for the treatment of Huntington's chorea, but further research and improvement are needed before this method can be used in clinical practice. Congo red powder is also used to mark abnormal proteins in brain disease samples such as Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, so it may also help prevent and treat these diseases.
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