Silver N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate CAS 1470-61-7

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Silver n,n-diethyldithiocarbamate is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H10NS2Ag. It appears as a light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature and is sensitive to humid air and light. Its melting point is 172-175 ℃, and its purity is usually ≥ 98.0%. It is insoluble in water, easily soluble in pyridine and trichloromethane, and difficult to dissolve in ethanol and benzene. This compound is synthesized by reacting silver nitrate with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, which requires vacuum drying and storage temperature of 2-8 ℃. This substance is mainly used as a chromogenic agent in the field of chemical analysis, achieving quantitative detection of arsenic by reacting with arsine to form a red complex. In environmental monitoring, it has been included in multiple national environmental standards, such as HJ 540-2016 and HJ 541-2009, for the spectrophotometric determination of arsenic compounds in fixed pollution source waste gas and yellow phosphorus production waste gas, with a detection limit of up to 0.003 µ g/m ³. In addition, copper ions can be detected by ESR technology and used for the determination of nitric oxide and oxygen partial pressure in biological tissues

Silver n,n-diethyldithiocarbamate (AgDDC) is an organic metal compound with unique chemical properties, with the chemical formula C ₅ H ₁ NS ₂ Ag and a molecular weight of 256.14. This substance is a light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature, sensitive to humid air and light, with a melting point of 172-175 ℃ and a purity typically ≥ 98.0%. It is insoluble in water, but easily soluble in pyridine and chloroform, and difficult to dissolve in ethanol and benzene. This special physical and chemical property makes it widely applicable in multiple fields. The following systematically summarizes its core applications and technical principles from five dimensions: analytical chemistry, environmental monitoring, biomedical science, industrial catalysis, and materials science.

Analytical Chemistry: Quantitative Detection of Trace Arsenic and Antimony

 

1. Quantitative analysis of arsenic
AgDDC, as a classic chromogenic reagent, occupies a central position in arsenic detection. The reaction mechanism is based on the specific complexation reaction between arsine (AsH3) and AgDDC: under acidic conditions, arsenic compounds in the sample are reduced to arsine, which then reacts with AgDDC to form a red colloidal silver complex. The molar absorption coefficient of this complex is as high as 11200 L/cm · mol, with a strong absorption peak at wavelengths of 510-530 nm. It can be quantitatively determined for arsenic by spectrophotometry.

Application scenarios:

Environmental monitoring: According to national standards such as HJ 540-2016 and HJ 541-2009, AgDDC is used for the detection of arsenic compounds in fixed pollution source waste gas and yellow phosphorus production waste gas, with a detection limit as low as 0.003 μ g/m ³.

 

Ore analysis: In the trade of phosphate ore, the AgDDC colorimetric method can accurately determine the arsenic content (0.5-3 μ g/g), meeting international export standards. By masking interfering ions such as iron and mercury with citric acid, the recovery rate of the method can reach 95% -102%.

Detection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations: The sensitivity for the determination of trace arsenic in traditional Chinese medicines such as Qingjin Liyan Tea and Fuzi Lizhong Wan is 0.1 μ g/g, with a reproducibility RSD<2%.
2. Collaborative detection of antimony
AgDDC reacts with antimony hydride (SbH3) to form an orange red complex with an absorption peak at 520 nm. This method is suitable for the detection of antimony in water and soil, with a linear range of 0.1-10 μ g/L and a detection limit of 0.05 μ g/L. In the field of electronic waste recycling, the AgDDC method can quickly screen for antimony contamination in the leachate of circuit boards.

Environmental monitoring field: Tracking of atmospheric and water pollutants

 

1. Traceability of atmospheric arsenic pollution
The AgDDC spectrophotometric method has been included in the "Determination of Arsenic in Waste Gas from Fixed Pollution Sources - Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method" (HJ 540-2016), becoming the core technology for atmospheric arsenic emission regulation. This method uses a process of membrane sampling, acid digestion, and arsine generation to distinguish the contribution rates of different pollution sources such as coal combustion, metallurgy, and chemical engineering. For example, in the monitoring around a steel plant, the AgDDC method detected that the arsenic concentration emitted from chimneys reached 0.012 mg/m ³, exceeding the standard by 2.4 times, providing key evidence for environmental law enforcement.

 

2. Collaborative monitoring of heavy metals in water bodies
The combination of AgDDC and dithizone can achieve simultaneous detection of multiple components such as arsenic, mercury, and lead in water. In the investigation of the Dianchi Lake Basin, this technology found that the proportion of bioavailable arsenic in sediment reached 35%, providing scientific basis for water restoration. In addition, AgDDC modified nanomaterials such as AgDDC@SiO ₂) can improve the enrichment efficiency of arsenic in water samples, reducing the detection limit to 0.001 μ g/L.

Biomedical field: dynamic monitoring of free radicals and metal ions

 

1. Real time detection of nitric oxide (NO)
AgDDC, as a spin trapping agent, forms a [Fe (DDC) ₂] ⁻ complex with Fe ² ⁺, which can specifically capture NO radicals in biological tissues. This system achieves synchronous measurement of NO concentration (nM level) and oxygen partial pressure (pO ₂) through electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) technology. For example, in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, AgDDC ESR method detected explosive release of NO in the ischemic area (peak at 500 nM), while pO ₂ decreased to 10 mmHg, providing dynamic indicators for the development of neuroprotective drugs.

2. Quantitative analysis of copper ions

AgDDC forms a 1:1 complex with Cu ² ⁺ and exhibits characteristic absorption at 420 nm.

 

This method was used to detect copper ions in the brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease model rats, and it was found that the copper concentration in the hippocampus was 2.3 times higher than that in the normal group (p<0.01), revealing the association between copper metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, AgDDC modified carbon nanotube sensors can achieve ultra sensitive detection of copper ions in serum (detection limit of 0.1 nM).

3. Research on enzyme activity inhibition
AgDDC is a potent inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate oxidase. In tumor biology research, AgDDC induces oxidative stress in breast cancer MCF-7 cells by inhibiting SOD activity, leading to an increase of apoptosis rate of 37%. This mechanism provides new ideas for the design of metal based anticancer drugs.

Industrial catalysis field: Asymmetric synthesis and polymerization reaction regulation

 

1. Chiral catalyst ligand
The diethyldithiocarbamate ligand derived from silver n,n-diethyldithiocarbamate can form chiral Salen complexes with transition metals such as manganese and ruthenium. For example, the [Mn (Salen) (DDC)] catalyst achieved a conversion rate of 98% for cis - β - methylstyrene and a high enantioselectivity (ee value) of 92% in asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. This technology has been applied to the industrial synthesis of paclitaxel side chains, with a single step yield increase of 15%.

2. Aggregation reaction regulator
In the process of acrylonitrile polymerization, AgDDC controls the polymerization rate and molecular weight distribution by chelating metal ions in the initiator. Experiments have shown that adding 0.5 mol% AgDDC can reduce the molecular weight distribution index (PDI) of polyacrylonitrile from 2.8 to 1.5, significantly improving the spinning performance of carbon fiber precursors.

Materials Science Field: Functional Material Design and Performance Optimization

 

1. Conductive polymer dopant
The conductivity of AgDDC doped polypyrrole (PPy) thin films increased by 3 orders of magnitude (up to 10 ² S/cm) compared to undoped samples. This material exhibits excellent rate performance in supercapacitor electrodes, with a specific capacitance retention rate of 85% at a current density of 10 A/g.

2. Additives for anti-corrosion coatings
The epoxy coating composed of AgDDC and zinc powder showed a weight loss rate of only 0.8 mg/cm ² after soaking in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 720 hours, which is 60% lower than traditional zinc powder coatings. Its anti-corrosion mechanism originates from the chelating effect of AgDDC on Cl ⁻, effectively blocking the penetration of corrosive media.

Silver diethyldithiocarbamate, with its unique chemical structure, has demonstrated irreplaceable value in analytical science, environmental engineering, biomedical and materials fields. With the cross fusion of nanotechnology, spectroscopy, and computational chemistry, the application boundaries of AgDDC will continue to expand, providing innovative solutions to global environmental health issues. In the future, its industrialization process will rely on the greening of synthesis processes, miniaturization of detection equipment, and in-depth analysis of interdisciplinary mechanisms.

Synthesis of Silver n,n-diethyldithiocarbamate:

1. Add 0.1mol/L silver nitrate aqueous solution to 0.1mol/L sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate solution of equal volume under violent stirring, remove the water by suction filtration, and rinse the resulting sediment with water for three times. Before rinsing, cool the rinsing solution to below 8 ℃, and during rinsing, keep the temperature of sediment below 8 ℃. Finally, the precipitates were dried in a vacuum dryer at room temperature.

2. Slowly add the clear silver nitrate solution to the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (copper reagent) solution under stirring. After the yellow precipitation is no longer separated, stand still, filter, soak the crystallization with ammonia water, filter, and dry to obtain the finished product.

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