Copper chromite is an inorganic compound that is a brown to black powder. The molecular formula CuCr2O4 or Cu2Cr2O5, CAS 12018-10-9, is known for its stability in aqueous solutions. It can dissolve slightly in water, and its solubility increases with temperature. However, it remains stable in water and is not easily oxidized, making it suitable for aqueous reactions and solutions, but easily soluble in alcohols and acidic solutions. Mainly used as a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation. By preparing copper chromium ore nanoparticles, highly active catalysts, sensors, and biomedical materials can be developed. For example, nano copper chromium ore exhibits excellent performance in cancer photothermal therapy. Quantum dot materials can be used to manufacture quantum bits and promote the development of quantum computing technology. As a candidate for neuromorphic computing materials, it can simulate the functions of human brain neurons and develop low-power, high-efficiency AI chips.
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Chemical Formula |
CrCuO3 |
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Exact Mass |
162.85 |
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Molecular Weight |
163.54 |
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m/z |
162.85 (100.0%), 164.85 (44.6%), 163.85 (11.3%), 160.86 (5.2%), 165.85 (5.1%), 164.85 (2.8%), 162.86 (2.3%), 166.85 (1.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
Cr, 31.79; Cu, 38.86; O, 29.35 |
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Copper chromite is a spinel type inorganic compound composed of copper, chromium, and oxygen elements. Its unique crystal structure (copper ions occupying tetrahedral voids, chromium ions distributed in octahedral voids) endows it with excellent thermal stability, chemical stability, and catalytic activity. As an important material in the industrial field, it plays a crucial role in catalysis, environmental protection, energy, aerospace, electronics, chemical engineering, pigments and other fields, and its application value is constantly expanding with technological progress.
He is a versatile expert in the field of industrial catalysis, and his catalytic ability comes from the interaction between active sites in the crystal structure and reactant molecules. By adjusting the preparation process (such as high-temperature solid-phase method, thermal decomposition method), products with different particle sizes and crystal forms can be obtained, thereby optimizing the catalytic efficiency.
1. Organic synthesis reaction
Selective hydrogenation: In the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol reaction, the selectivity of the catalyst exceeds 96%. Furfuryl alcohol, as an important chemical raw material, is widely used in the synthesis of resins, fragrances, and drugs. In addition, the conversion rate of butyraldehyde to 1-butanol can reach 0.8 mol/g per hour, significantly improving production efficiency.
Cyclization and Alkylation: As a catalyst for the conversion of aniline to diphenylamine and the preparation of caprolactam, it can accurately control the reaction pathway and reduce the generation of by-products. For example, in the cyclization reaction of aniline, its catalytic activity is 2-3 times that of traditional catalysts.
Redox reaction: In the reaction of ester reduction to alcohol and amide reduction to amine, copper chromium ore needs to work under high temperature (100-200 ℃) and high pressure (2.03 × 10 ⁷ -3.04 × 10 ⁷ Pa) conditions. Although the emergence of hydride reducing agents has partially replaced their applications, they are still irreplaceable in specific selective reduction scenarios.
2. Biomass conversion
Cellulose hydrogenolysis: In the reaction of converting cellulose into small molecule sugar alcohols, catalysts can achieve a yield of 38.7% for 1,2-propanediol and approximately 21.5% for ethylene glycol, providing a new pathway for the production of biofuels and chemical raw materials.
Plant oil processing: As a hydrogenation catalyst, it can selectively reduce carbonyl groups in plant oil to produce healthy fats with low trans fatty acid content, meeting the needs of the food industry.
3. Clean energy production
Hydrogen production technology: It has been proven to be a promising catalyst for producing hydrogen gas (H2) through reactions such as photocatalytic water splitting and sulfur based thermochemical water splitting cycle. For example, in sulfur iodine cycle hydrogen production, its catalytic efficiency is improved by 15% compared to traditional materials.
Alcohol conversion: In reactions such as methanol decomposition and alcohol dehydrogenation, copper chromite can efficiently convert alcohols into hydrogen or high-value chemicals, providing a solution for energy storage and conversion.
With the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, its application in pollution control is becoming increasingly widespread. The characteristics of its oxidizing solid (Class 3) make it an ideal material for treating organic waste and exhaust gas.
1. Exhaust gas purification
Engine exhaust treatment: It can catalyze the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), reducing vehicle emissions pollution. For example, in diesel engine exhaust, it can oxidize diesel soot and reduce particulate matter emissions by up to 40%.
Industrial waste gas treatment: As a wet oxidation catalyst, it can decompose harmful substances into carbon dioxide and water when treating industrial waste gases such as phenol, ammonia, and nitrite, with a treatment efficiency of over 90%.
2. Water pollution control
Water containing organic waste treatment: Through catalytic oxidation reactions, organic pollutants (such as phenols and aldehydes) in water can be decomposed, reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and improving water quality.
Heavy metal capture: In high-temperature coal gas, heavy metals such as mercury (Hg) can be efficiently captured, reducing the risk of air pollution.
Its high temperature resistance and catalytic activity make it a key material for aerospace propellants and defense industries.
1. Solid propellant
Burning rate catalyst: can improve the combustion performance of composite solid propellants, making fuel combustion more complete and stable, and releasing more energy. For example, in rocket engines, their application can increase thrust by 10% -15% and extend flight distance.
High energy explosive combustion aid: In the fields of ballistic missiles, high-energy explosives, etc., copper chromium ore serves as a combustion aid catalyst, which can enhance the explosion reaction rate and energy release, and improve weapon performance.
2. Spacecraft materials
Thermal protection system: Copper chromium ore coating can be applied to the surface of spacecraft to resist high temperature oxidation and thermal shock, protecting internal structural safety. For example, when the return capsule re enters the atmosphere, its coating can withstand temperatures exceeding 2000 ℃.
Plays an important role in the electronics industry and materials science, with its unique electrical and optical properties driving technological progress.
1. Manufacturing of electronic components
Capacitor dielectric material: can improve the electrical performance of capacitors, enhance charge storage capacity, and reduce energy loss. For example, in supercapacitors, their application can increase energy density by 20%.
Semiconductor devices: As dopants or functional layer materials, they can regulate the conductivity and optical properties of semiconductors, and are used to manufacture optoelectronic devices, sensors, etc.
2. Advanced material development
Pigments and Coatings: With high photostability and weather resistance, it can be used to prepare red, green and other pigments, widely used in coatings, inks and plastic products. For example, in automotive coatings, it can improve color durability for more than 5 years.
Ceramics and Glass: As a coloring agent, it can adjust the color and transparency of glass and ceramics, producing decorative or functional products. For example, in architectural glass, it can achieve functions such as thermal insulation and UV protection.
Continuously playing an important role in chemical production and energy development, promoting the transformation of traditional industries towards high efficiency and green direction.
1. Chemical production
Catalyst carrier: It can be used as a carrier to load other active components (such as precious metals) and prepare high-performance composite catalysts for reactions such as petroleum refining and ammonia synthesis.
Electroplating industry: In metal electroplating, it can improve the uniformity and density of the coating, enhance corrosion resistance, and extend the service life of metal products.
2. Energy storage and conversion
Battery material: As an additive for the positive electrode material of lithium-ion batteries, it can improve the cycling stability and capacity retention of the battery. For example, in lithium iron phosphate batteries, its application can extend the cycle life by 30%.
Fuel cell: In solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), copper chromite can be used as an electrode material to enhance oxygen reduction reaction activity, lower operating temperature, and improve energy conversion efficiency.
The production of copper chromium ore, chemically known as CuCrO4, involves several methods, each with its own unique set of steps and conditions. Here, we delve into the various methods used to produce this compound.
In this process, mixtures of precursors such as basic copper carbonate and chromium trioxide are uniformly combined and then heated to temperatures around 700°C. This reaction leads to the formation, often along with other oxides like copper oxide or chromium oxide. The heating time, temperature, and the ratio of reactants significantly affect the catalytic efficiency.
In this approach, solutions of copper salts and chromium salts are mixed together. For instance, a solution of copper sulfate and a solution of potassium chromate can be slowly combined, resulting in a color change from yellow or green to blue, indicating the formation. The resulting precipitate is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the desired compound.
In this method, a microemulsion is formed by mixing toluene, water, and an emulsifier. Solutions of copper sulfate and potassium chromate or ammonium chromate are then added to the microemulsion, leading to the formation of a gel-like precipitate. After the reaction is complete, the solvent is distilled off, and the residue is washed with ethanol, water, and acetone. Finally, the product is dried and calcined to obtain nano-sized product.
Additionally, there are other techniques such as the citrate complexation method. In this approach, solutions of copper nitrate and chromium nitrate are mixed with a citrate ligand. The resulting complex is then heated to decompose and form copper chromium ore.
It's worth noting that the choice of production method depends on factors such as the desired purity, particle size, and catalytic properties. Different methods may also vary in terms of their efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. Therefore, selecting the appropriate production method requires careful consideration based on the specific application and requirements.
In summary, the production involves various methods, including solid-state reactions, liquid-phase reactions, microemulsion synthesis, and citrate complexation. Each method has its own set of steps and conditions, leading to the synthesis with different properties and applications.
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Precautions For Product Use
When using copper chromite (CuCrO4), it is crucial to adhere to certain safety guidelines and best practices to ensure both personal safety and environmental protection. Here are some important considerations to keep in mind when handling this compound:
Handling Precautions
Protective Clothing
Always wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats, when handling it. This compound can be harmful if it comes into contact with skin or eyes.
Respiratory Protection
Ensure that you are wearing a respirator or mask that filters out particles and fumes, as the dust can be inhaled and pose respiratory hazards.
Storage Conditions
Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight. Keep it in a tightly sealed container to prevent dust from escaping and to minimize the risk of moisture absorption.
Chemical Compatibility
Avoid Mixing with Incompatible Chemicals: React with certain chemicals, leading to the release of harmful gases or the formation of explosive mixtures. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid mixing it with incompatible substances, especially acids or oxidizing agents.
Environmental Considerations
Disposal: Dispose of it waste according to local regulations and guidelines. Ensure that it is properly contained and does not contaminate the environment.
Spill Control: If a spill occurs, immediately contain the spill area, use appropriate absorbent materials to collect the spilled material, and dispose of it properly. Avoid allowing the spilled material to enter drains or water bodies.
Health Hazards
Skin Contact
Skin irritation or allergic reactions if it comes into direct contact. If skin contact occurs, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water and seek medical attention if necessary.
Eye Contact
Contact with the eyes can be particularly dangerous, leading to irritation, redness, or even blindness. In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water and seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion and Inhalation
Ingestion or inhalation can lead to serious health issues, including respiratory irritation, digestive tract discomfort, and other internal damage. If ingested, seek medical attention immediately. If inhaled, move to fresh air and seek medical assistance if symptoms persist.
It is also advisable to regularly consult safety data sheets (SDS) or material safety data sheets (MSDS) to stay updated on the latest safety information and recommendations.
FAQ
What is the formula for copper chromite?
Copper chromite often refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Cu 2Cr 2O x. They are black solids. Cu 2Cr 2O 4 is a well-defined material. The other copper chromite often is described as Cu 2Cr 2O 5.
What is the name of Cu2CrO4?
Copper chromate oxide (Cu2(CrO4)O)
What is chromium copper used for?
Chromium copper has excellent cold formability and good hot workability. It is used in applications such as resistance welding electrodes, seam welding wheels, switch gears, cable connectors, circuit breaker parts, molds, spot welding tips, and electrical and thermal conductors that require strength.
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