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Trisodium citrate powder, also known as sodium citrate, with the chemical formula C6H5Na3O7, CAS 68-04-2, is an organic compound. Sodium citrate is a white cubic crystalline or granular powder, odorless, cool, salty and slightly spicy. 1g (25 ℃) can be dissolved in 1.5ml water, insoluble in ethanol, soluble in water and glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol. The aqueous solution is slightly alkaline, which makes it cool when tasting. It becomes dihydrate when heated to 100 ℃.
It is stable in the air and is often used as buffer, complexing agent and bacterial culture medium. Sodium citrate powder is used in medicine for diuresis, expectorant, sweating, preventing blood coagulation, and in food, beverage, electroplating, photography, etc.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H5Na3O7 |
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Exact Mass |
258 |
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Molecular Weight |
258 |
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m/z |
258 (100.0%), 259 (6.5%), 260 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 27.93; H, 1.95; Na, 26.73; O, 43.40 |
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According to different production raw materials, the main methods of synthesizing trisodium citrate powder are:
This is also the earliest research and development of production technology. Citric acid is dissolved in water and added to sodium hydroxide solution to produce neutralization reaction and generate a lot of heat. The finished product is obtained through filtration, concentration, crystallization and drying. The process is simple and the purity of the product is good; The disadvantage is the high production cost. Now it is only used for preparing laboratory supplies.
The improved process of neutralization method has the advantages of easy purchase, good preservation and low production cost of soda ash as raw material; It is a production method commonly used by industrial enterprises.
This method is an improved preparation method for soda ash products that are not suitable for the pharmaceutical industry. This method uses high-quality sodium bicarbonate, which is dissolved in water according to the calculated amount, neutralized with citric acid, and processed through concentration and crystallization to prepare pharmaceutical grade sodium citrate. It is characterized by mild reaction conditions, good product quality and good process operability. It is mainly used in some pharmaceutical factories.
In this method, calcium citrate and soda ash are mixed to produce double decomposition reaction, and insoluble substances are filtered out to obtain sodium citrate. The purity of the product is poor and the operation process is long. A few years ago, it was reported that by adjusting the pH value of mixing conditions, the process flow was simplified, the production cost was reduced, and better quality products were obtained.
Some people use resin exchange method to produce sodium citrate. The fermentation supernatant is exchanged with ion resin, and then the adsorbed citric acid is eluted with sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained sodium salt solution is concentrated and crystallized to obtain sodium citrate products. This method has no pollution and low cost.
Sodium citrate (chemical formula: Na3C6H5O7) is a non-toxic, water-soluble organic acid salt. With its unique chemical properties such as strong chelating ability, weak alkalinity, and buffering ability, it is widely used in food, medicine, industry, environmental protection, and other fields. The following is a systematic summary of its core uses:
1. Acidity regulator
Beverages and dairy products: As an acidifier and pH regulator, it can neutralize excessive acidity in beverages, improve taste, and prevent protein denaturation in dairy products. For example, in carbonated beverages, its combination with citric acid can form a buffering system, maintain product acid-base balance, and extend shelf life.
Jam and canned goods: By chelating metal ions (such as iron and copper), oxidation reactions are inhibited, the color of jam is kept stable, and the inner wall of canned goods is prevented from corrosion.
2. Anti-corrosion and preservation agent
Microbial inhibition: can lower the pH value of food and create an environment that is not conducive to bacterial growth. In meat products, its combination with potassium sorbate can significantly extend the shelf life.
Antioxidant enhancement: works synergistically with vitamin C to prevent oil oxidation and rancidity, commonly used in fried foods such as instant noodles and potato chips.
3. Emulsion stabilizer
Ice cream and dairy products: As emulsifiers, they can prevent oil separation and enhance product delicacy. For example, in the production of ice cream, the added amount is usually 0.2% -0.3%, which can effectively stabilize the foam structure.
Baked goods: Compound with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent to make the dough fluffy and soft, improving the texture of cookies and cakes.
Medical field: The 'key role' of anticoagulant therapy and metabolic regulation
1. External anticoagulant
Blood preservation and transfusion: By chelating calcium ions (Ca ² ⁺) in the blood, the formation of prothrombin activators is blocked, thereby inhibiting the coagulation process. Add 3.2% or 3.8% trisodium citrate powder solution to standard vacuum blood collection tubes (blue head tubes) for coagulation function testing (such as PT, APTT).
Hemodialysis: Adding sodium citrate to the dialysate to prevent blood clotting during extracorporeal circulation and regulate electrolyte balance.
2. Treatment of metabolic acidosis
Alkalinization of urine: Metabolized in the body to produce bicarbonate (HCO ∝⁻), which can neutralize acidic substances, increase uric acid solubility, and assist in the treatment of uric acid stones and gout.
Chronic renal insufficiency: By adjusting the pH value of urine, promoting the excretion of ammonium salts, and alleviating symptoms of acidosis.
3. Pharmaceutical excipients
Buffer: adjust pH value in oral liquid and injection to enhance drug stability. For example, certain antibiotics need to be stored in a weakly alkaline environment to prevent drug degradation.
Flavor corrector: It masks the bitterness of medication and improves patient compliance, commonly used in children's medication and effervescent tablets.
1. Industrial cleaning agents
Boiler descaling: It can chelate calcium and magnesium ions, soften water quality, remove scale on the inner wall of the boiler, and extend the service life of equipment. Compared to strong acid cleaning agents, it has lower corrosiveness and is more environmentally friendly.
Textile printing and dyeing: As a metal ion chelating agent, it prevents dyes from binding with metal ions in water, improving dyeing uniformity and color fastness.
2. Electroplating wastewater treatment
Heavy metal removal: forms soluble complexes with heavy metal ions such as copper, nickel, and zinc in electroplating wastewater, facilitating subsequent precipitation or ion exchange treatment.
Sulfide removal: In industrial exhaust gas treatment, trisodium citrate powder can react with hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) to form sulfide precipitates, reducing exhaust gas pollution.
3. Building retarder
Concrete additives: can delay cement hydration reaction, prolong concrete setting time, and facilitate construction operations. Meanwhile, it can enhance the tensile, compressive, and frost resistance of cement products.
1. Cosmetic stabilizer
PH adjustment: In skincare products, sodium citrate can maintain product pH stability and prevent degradation of active ingredients. For example, adding 0.5% -1% sodium citrate to facial cleansers can enhance cleansing effectiveness and reduce skin irritation.
Foam enhancement: used as foaming agent in bath gel and shampoo to enhance the richness and fineness of foam.
2. Environmental cleaning agent
Phosphate free detergent: can replace sodium tripolyphosphate as a detergent aid to reduce the risk of eutrophication in water bodies. Its ability to chelate calcium and magnesium ions is similar to that of sodium tripolyphosphate, but its biodegradability is better.
Pesticide residue cleaning: A specialized cleaning agent containing sodium citrate can effectively remove pesticide residues on the surface of vegetables and fruits. Its chelating effect can destroy the molecular structure of pesticides and reduce toxicity.
1. Biological experiment buffer solution
Molecular Biology: Sodium citrate citrate buffer (pH 3.0-6.2) is widely used in experiments such as DNA extraction and enzyme activity determination to maintain the pH stability of the reaction system.
Cell culture: As an inorganic salt component, it participates in cellular metabolism and provides sodium ions and carbon sources for the culture medium.
Energy Sector
Lithium ion batteries: can be used as electrolyte additives to enhance battery cycling stability and safety. Its ability to chelate metal ions can inhibit the dissolution of electrode materials and prolong battery life.
Flue gas desulfurization: Citric acid sodium citrate buffer solution has a high absorption rate of sulfur dioxide (SO ₂) and can be used for flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants to reduce air pollution.
In 1784, the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele first extracted citric acid from lemon juice and prepared solid sodium citrate through neutralization reaction. He confirmed it as the sodium salt of citric acid, laying the foundation for the discovery of this substance.
In the 1860s, Italy took the lead in realizing the industrial production of sodium citrate using lemon juice and lime milk. After 1880, the United States, Germany, France and other countries followed suit, all extracting and preparing it from natural fruit juice, which became the mainstream technology in the early stage.
From 1914 to 1915, Belgian doctor Hustin, Argentine researcher Agote and American scholar Lewisohn successively confirmed the anticoagulant effect of sodium citrate, determined its safe concentration and applied it in clinical blood transfusion. This made sodium citrate a key reagent for blood preservation and laid the foundation of modern transfusion medicine.
FAQ
What is the use of trisodium citrate powder?
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Tri Sodium Citrate is a versatile ingredient with extensive applications in the food, beverage, nutraceutical, and industrial sectors. Its role as a flavor enhancer, acid regulator, chelating agent, and stabilizer highlights its significance in the food and beverage world.
What is trisodium citrate?
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Trisodium citrate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart taste, and is a mild base.
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