Phloroglucinol powder, also known as 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, is a versatile organic compound belonging to the phenol family. This fine, white to light brown powder exhibits unique chemical properties that make it a key ingredient in various industrial and research applications.
Its primary characteristic lies in its ability to form strong hydrogen bonds, allowing it to serve as a starting material for the synthesis of numerous complex molecules. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a precursor for the production of certain drugs, owing to its reactivity and structural versatility.
Moreover, it finds application in the dye industry, where it contributes to the development of colorants with enhanced stability and fastness. Its use in analytical chemistry is equally significant, as it serves as a reagent for detecting the presence of certain functional groups in organic compounds.
In addition, it displays antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it a potential candidate for natural preservatives in food and cosmetics. Researchers are also exploring its potential in the field of nanotechnology, where its unique properties could lead to the development of innovative materials.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H6O3 |
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Exact Mass |
126.03 |
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Molecular Weight |
126.11 |
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m/z |
126.03 (100.0%), 127.04 (6.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.14; H, 4.80; O, 38.06 |
Phloroglucinol powder is an organic compound with a unique chemical structure, with the molecular formula C6H6O3, formed by three hydroxyl groups replacing the hydrogen atoms at positions 1, 3, and 5 on the benzene ring. As a myophilic, non atropine, non papaverine smooth muscle antispasmodic drug, phloroglucinol has demonstrated extensive application value in clinical medicine, chemical industry, and scientific research fields.
1. Treatment of digestive system diseases
By directly acting on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, excessive contraction is inhibited, thereby relieving spasmodic pain. Its selective antispasmodic effect has minimal impact on normal smooth muscles, avoiding side effects such as dry mouth and constipation caused by traditional antispasmodic drugs (such as atropine).
Acute gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome: can quickly relieve abdominal pain and bloating caused by intestinal spasms, and improve intestinal function. For example, in patients with acute gastroenteritis, pain scores significantly decrease within 30 minutes after injection of phloroglucinol, and there are no adverse reactions such as increased heart rate or blood pressure fluctuations.
Biliary system diseases: For spasmodic pain caused by biliary colic, cholecystitis, and gallstones, phloroglucinol relaxes the smooth muscle of the biliary tract, promotes bile excretion, and reduces pain. Clinical studies have shown that the total effective rate of combined antibiotic treatment for biliary colic is 92%, which is better than simple antibiotic treatment.
Functional dyspepsia: can regulate the rhythmic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles, improve symptoms such as bloating and belching. A randomized controlled trial involving 200 patients showed that the symptom relief rate of the phloroglucinol treatment group was 35% higher than that of the control group.
2. Treatment of urinary and reproductive system diseases
The antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the urogenital tract makes it one of the preferred drugs for treating related pain.
Renal colic and bladder spasm: In acute renal colic caused by ureteral stones or cystitis, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the ureter promotes stone expulsion while alleviating urinary frequency and urgency caused by bladder spasm. For example, a multicenter study on patients with renal colic showed that the pain relief time in the group treated with combined antispasmodics was 50% shorter than that of using antispasmodics alone.
Gynecological spasmodic pain: Phloroglucinol powder widely used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and uterine contractions. Its mechanism of action includes inhibiting excessive contraction of uterine smooth muscle and reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Clinical data shows that after using phloroglucinol in patients with dysmenorrhea, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain decreased from 7.2 points to 2.8 points, and there were no central nervous system side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness.
3. Analgesic applications in special scenarios
The non addictive nature and cardiovascular safety of triphenylphenol give it unique advantages in specific medical settings.
Artificial abortion and hysteroscopic surgery: can relax the smooth muscles of the cervix, reduce pain and cervical damage caused by surgical procedures. For example, in painless induced abortion, preoperative injection of phloroglucinol can shorten cervical dilation time by 40% and reduce intraoperative bleeding by 25%.
Assisted delivery process: During the first stage of labor, cervical smooth muscle relaxation is used to promote cervical dilation and shorten the delivery process. A study involving 500 primiparous women showed that the average active period of the phloroglucinol group was shortened by 1.2 hours compared to the control group, and the cesarean section rate was reduced by 15%.
Postoperative colic prevention: After abdominal surgery, it can prevent spasmodic pain caused by intestinal adhesions and promote gastrointestinal function recovery. Clinical observations have shown that patients who use phloroglucinol in the early postoperative period have an earlier recovery time of bowel sounds by 18 hours and a shorter anal exhaust time by 24 hours.
1. Chemical synthesis intermediates
It is a key raw material for synthesizing various drugs and dyes. For example:
Drug synthesis: It can be synthesized through the Hoesch reaction to produce Braun (an anti peptic ulcer drug) or react with acetonitrile to produce 2-acetyl triphenylphenol (used in antiviral drug development).
Dye industry: Derivatives of triphenylphenol (such as 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene) can be used to synthesize hair dyes and high-end dyes, and their stable chemical properties give them an advantage in high-temperature dyeing processes.
2. Analysis and detection reagents
The unique chemical properties make it a reactant for various detection methods:
Carbohydrate detection: Heating pentose (such as ribose) in concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate a red compound for DNA/RNA content determination.
Metal ion identification: Its hydrochloric acid solution can react with the pine bark aldehyde group in lignin to produce a red color, which is used for plant fiber analysis; It forms orange red compounds with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions and is used for detecting formaldehyde content in textiles.
Drug quality control: used as a standard for determining the content of other antispasmodics by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
3. Research tool molecules
In neuroscience research, phloroglucinol powder is used to explore the molecular mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction. For example, by constructing a smooth muscle cell model induced by phloroglucinol, researchers can observe changes in calcium ion channels and Rho kinase pathways, providing theoretical basis for the development of new antispasmodic drugs.
biocatalytic synthesis
Dilute the cell to a certain concentration, then take the bacterial solution and add it to the mixed solution of NaNO2 solution and HAC-NaAC buffer solution, and culture it by shaking in a water bath at about 37 ℃. Add them into Na2HPO4 buffer solution respectively, mix them well, smear them on the plate containing LiCl, and cultivate them in dark at about 37 ℃.
The genomic DNA of bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 was extracted, and the polyketone synthase gene (phlD) was obtained by PCR amplification; The mutant gene phlD1 was obtained by site directed mutagenesis. The target fragment was recovered by gel recovery kit. The target fragment was digested by the corresponding restriction enzyme at 37 ℃ for 3-4 hours. The target fragment was purified by ethanol precipitation; The prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a (+) was digested with the same restriction enzyme, and the gel recovery kit was used for recovery and purification; The prokaryotic expression vector pET-phlD1 was constructed when the ratio of the vector to the exogenous fragment was 1:3-10, and it was connected overnight at about 16 ℃; The constructed recombinant plasmid was transformed into anti phloroglucinol Escherichia coli by heat shock at 42 ℃, and the positive recombinant strain was obtained through enzyme digestion identification, PCR identification and sequencing screening; ‑ The strain was stored at about 80 ℃.
Inoculate the engineered bacteria into LB liquid culture medium (including 30-50μG·mL -1 kanamycin), when the OD600 is about 0.4-0.6 at 37 ℃, the inducer IPTG is added to the bacterial solution, and then the target protein is induced to express at 37 ℃ for 3 ‑ 5 hours; Take out the induced culture solution, take the sediment and wash it with phosphate buffer, and then suspend the cells with this buffer at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v). Add 2×SDS-PAGE loading buffer, boiling, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis detection, the corresponding fusion protein bands can be detected.
Fermentation of phloroglucinol powder prepare fermentation medium, sterilize, and conduct aseptic inoculation when cooling. According to the optimization results of orthogonal experiment, the initial culture medium, through the induction of temperature electrode and pH electrode, automatically adjust the temperature and pH of fermentation liquid, and stir the fermentation culture.
Isophloroglucinol from the fermentation supernatant was extracted by ethyl acetate, then ethyl acetate was recovered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain phloroglucinol.
FAQ
What is phloroglucinol used for?
It acts against spasms (contractions). This medicinal product is indicated for the treatment of spasmodic pain of the intestines, the biliary tract, the bladder and the uterus.
Is phloroglucinol used for period pain?
Antispasmodics: Phloroglucinol-based antispasmodic drugs can be effective in relieving pain associated with uterine contractions.
What is the drug Spasfon used for?
It is used in the treatment of painful spasms of digestive (spasmodic colitis), biliary (hepatic colic), urological (renal colic) and gynaecological (painful periods and contractions of the uterus during pregnancy) origin.
Is phloroglucinol anti-inflammatory?
Phloroglucinol possesses anti-inflammatory activities by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.
What are the side effects of phloroglucinol?
This drug rarely causes serious allergic side effects, however, patients still need to monitor the body's side effects when taking the drug such as hives, rash, Quincke's edema, arterial hypotension, and even drug shock to promptly contact the doctor.
Can spasfon make you sleepy?
However, in some patients it may cause common side effects like nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, dryness in the mouth, weakness, sleepiness and other uncommon or rare side effects. If you experience any persistent problem while taking this medication, inform your doctor as soon as possible.
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