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Ferrozine Sodium (PDT disulfonate) is an important chemical substance with wide applications in the field of biochemical research. CAS 69898-45-9, molecular formula C20H13N4NaO6S2, yellow to yellow green powder, can play an important role in environmental monitoring and protection. By developing detection technology and methods based on phenanthroline monosodium salt, real-time monitoring and early warning of pollutants such as iron ions in the environment can be achieved. This helps to timely identify and solve environmental problems, protect the ecological environment and human health. As a chemical substance with multiple uses, it plays an important role in scientific research, chemical reagents, industrial applications, and many other fields.
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Chemical Formula |
C20H15N4NaO6S2 |
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Exact Mass |
492.02 |
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Molecular Weight |
492.46 |
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m/z |
92.02 (100.0%), 493.02 (21.6%), 494.01 (9.0%), 494.02 (2.2%), 495.02 (2.0%), 493.02 (1.6%), 493.01 (1.5%), 494.02 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 48.78; H, 2.66; N, 11.38; Na, 4.67; O, 19.49; S, 13.02 |
Ferrozine sodium (CAS number: 69898-45-9), also known as Phenazine impurity or Phenazine monosodium salt, is a chemical substance with wide applications in multiple fields.
Scientific research field
Biochemical research
Plays an important role in biochemical research. It is often used as an iron ion indicator, which can form colored complexes with iron ions, making it convenient for scientists to detect the presence and concentration of iron ions in the laboratory. This characteristic makes phenanthroline monosodium salt an indispensable tool for studying iron metabolism, ferritin function, and other aspects in fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology.
Medical and Pharmacological Research
In the fields of medicine and pharmacology, it is also used to study the transport, storage, and utilization of iron ions in living organisms. In addition, it can also serve as an auxiliary ingredient for certain drugs to improve their stability and bioavailability.
By conducting in-depth research on the interaction mechanism between phenanthroline monosodium salt and iron ions, scientists can further understand the physiological functions of iron ions in the human body and the mechanisms of related diseases, providing new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Chemical reagent field
Detection of Food and Chemical Samples
In the food industry, Ferrozine Sodium can be used to determine the iron content in cereals, meat products, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, as well as food additives, providing data support for food nutrient composition analysis and quality control. For example, it can detect whether the iron content in infant formula milk powder complies with national standards, or analyze the consistency between the actual iron content of iron-supplementing foods and the labeled value.
In the chemical industry, it is applicable for the detection of iron impurities in raw materials, intermediates, and finished products, especially for fine chemical products with high purity requirements, so as to avoid the adverse effects of iron ions on product performance. During the detection process, Fe³⁺ can be reduced to Fe²⁺ by adding a reducing agent (e.g., ascorbic acid) to further determine the total iron content. Without adding a reducing agent, the content of Fe²⁺ can be directly measured, and the difference between the two values is the content of Fe³⁺.
Analysis of Iron Content in Water and Soil
It can be directly used for the determination of ferrous ion and total iron content in surface water, groundwater, industrial wastewater, and drinking water, and is a commonly used reagent in environmental water quality monitoring. Its water solubility advantage can prevent precipitation and turbidity in the reaction system, ensuring detection accuracy. It can accurately detect iron ions at trace levels (below mg/L), meeting the requirements of water quality compliance evaluation.
In soil testing, by extracting the available iron components in the soil and then determining the iron content using the product colorimetric method, the soil iron nutrient status can be evaluated, providing a basis for rational fertilization in agricultural production.
Industrial application field
Water treatment agent
In the field of water treatment, it can be used as an effective water treatment agent to remove iron ions and other impurities from water. By adding an appropriate amount of phenanthroline monosodium salt, an insoluble precipitate can be formed with iron ions in water, which can be removed from the water through processes such as filtration and precipitation. This method not only improves the clarity and transparency of water quality, but also reduces the concentration of iron ions in the water, reducing corrosion and blockage of equipment and pipelines.
Textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries
In the field of textile printing and dyeing, it can also be used as an auxiliary agent. It can bind with dye molecules to form stable complexes, thereby improving the stability and dyeing effect of dyes. In addition, it can also be used as a mordant to help dyes penetrate better into the fibers, improving color fastness and vividness.
1. Development of new drugs
With the continuous development of life sciences and pharmaceutical technology, the potential for application in the research and development of new drugs is gradually becoming prominent. By conducting in-depth research on its interaction mechanism with biomolecules, scientists can develop new drugs with higher efficacy and lower side effects. For example, for certain diseases related to iron metabolism (such as iron deficiency anemia, iron overload, etc.), therapeutic drugs or modulators based on phenanthroline monosodium salt can be developed.
Intrinsic Chemical Stability: Performance in Solid and Aqueous Solution States
Ferrozine Sodium features stable intrinsic chemical properties and can retain its activity for an extended period under appropriate storage conditions. In the solid state, when sealed and stored in a cool, dry place away from light, it is resistant to oxidation, decomposition, or structural isomerization, with a typical shelf life of 1–2 years. Moreover, it does not exhibit significant performance degradation due to moisture absorption.
This stability stems from its molecular structure: the sulfonic acid groups form stable ionic bonds with sodium ions, while the pyridine groups and triazine rings constitute a conjugated system, effectively protecting the molecular backbone from damage caused by air and moisture.
In the aqueous solution state, 0.1%–1% it solutions can be stored stably for several days at room temperature in the dark, with no obvious changes in absorbance. No precipitation or harmful substances are generated via hydrolysis, making the reagent compatible with the reaction cycle requirements of most detection scenarios. However, it should be noted that long-term storage (more than 1 week) of high-concentration aqueous solutions may lead to slight degradation catalyzed by trace impurities. For the sake of detection accuracy, it is recommended to prepare the solution fresh before use.
Complex Stability: Performance After Binding to Fe²⁺
The magenta complex formed by it and Fe²⁺ exhibits extremely high stability, which is the key to achieving high-sensitivity iron ion detection. This complex has a relatively high stability constant; once formed, it is not prone to dissociation, and its maximum absorbance at 562 nm can remain stable for a long time without signal attenuation caused by minor environmental fluctuations.
Experimental data show that after the complex is formed, its absorbance change rate is less than 2% when stored at room temperature for 24 hours, fully meeting the quantitative detection requirements of spectrophotometry. Meanwhile, the complex has a certain tolerance to temperature variations. Within the range of 0–40℃, its absorbance remains essentially constant. Only when the temperature exceeds 50℃ does the absorbance decrease significantly, as intensified thermal motion causes partial dissociation of the complex. Therefore, no additional temperature control equipment is required for routine room-temperature detection.
Storage and Transportation
Storage Conditions
Sealing and container selection
It should be stored in a sealed container to prevent it from reacting with moisture, oxygen or other impurities in the air. Commonly used packaging materials include screw-cap glass bottles, iron-capped glass bottles, plastic bottles or metal drums (cans). These containers should be accompanied by ordinary wooden or fiberboard boxes to enhance protection.
Environmental requirements
The storage environment should be kept cool and dry, avoiding direct sunlight and high temperatures. It is recommended to store at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius to extend the shelf life and stability of the product. Meanwhile, the storage location must be far away from oxidants, as the product may have dangerous reactions when in contact with oxidants.
Stability considerations
Under the correct storage conditions, it is stable. However, to ensure its long-term stability, the sealing of the storage container and the appearance of the product should be inspected regularly. If any abnormalities are found, they should be dealt with promptly.
Special Precautions
It is relatively sensitive to humidity and temperature. Therefore, the storage area should be equipped with temperature and humidity monitoring equipment and the data should be recorded regularly. In addition, the storage area should be kept clean to prevent the accumulation of dust and other contaminants.
Transportation Requirements
Packaging and Labeling
Before transportation, it should be ensured that the packaging of it is intact and in compliance with relevant transportation regulations. The packaging should clearly indicate the product's name, CAS number, hazard identification (if applicable), production date, shelf life and other information. At the same time, the appropriate packaging category and transportation label should be selected according to the mode of transportation.
Selection of transportation means
When transporting it, a transportation company with the corresponding qualifications and experience should be selected, and it should be ensured that the transportation means (such as vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.) meet the safety requirements. Transport vehicles should be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency handling devices to deal with possible emergencies.
Protective measures during transportation
During transportation, necessary protective measures should be taken, such as using shockproof, moisture-proof and sun-proof packaging materials to avoid the collision of Ferrozine Sodium with sharp objects or hard objects. Meanwhile, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature during transportation is controlled within an appropriate range to avoid the impact of high or low temperatures on the products.
Emergency response preparation
Before transportation, an emergency plan should be formulated to clearly define the response measures in case of emergencies such as leakage and fire. Transport personnel should receive relevant training, be familiar with emergency handling procedures, and be proficient in using emergency handling equipment. In addition, during transportation, necessary personal protective equipment should be carried along with the vehicle, such as anti-corrosion goggles, acid and alkali resistant chemical protective gloves, and acid and alkali resistant chemical protective clothing, etc.
Transportation restrictions and regulations
According to relevant international and domestic regulations, it may be classified as a hazardous chemical for transportation. Therefore, during the transportation process, relevant regulations and standards should be strictly followed, such as Posting danger signs and announcements to ensure transportation safety. At the same time, attention should be paid to the special regulations and requirements of different modes of transportation (such as sea transportation, air transportation and road transportation).
FAQ
What is ferrozine?
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Ferrozine is a spectrophotometric reagent for iron ions, can react with divalent Fe to form a stable magenta complex species. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm. Ferrozine-based colorimetric assays can quantify iron in cells. For research use only.
What is the formula for sodium ferrate?
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Na2FeO4
Sodium ferrate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2FeO4. It is a sodium salt of ferric acid that is very difficult to obtain. In most iron compounds, the metal has an oxidation state of +2 or +3.
What is the formula for sodium iron oxide?
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NaFeO2
Sodium iron oxide (NaFeO2) has polymorphism, with only the α phase being active for the reversible deintercalation of sodium ions, so this phase has potential application as an electroactive material in green sodium-ion batteries.
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