Norepinephrine tartrate is an important drug and neurotransmitter. It is composed of norepinephrine and tartaric acid. The norepinephrine part has a catecholamine structure, containing a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and one amino side chain. The tartaric acid part plays a stabilizing and salt forming role. Its physical state is white or off white crystalline powder, odorless and bitter in taste, with good solubility in water and some solubility in organic solvents. The chemical properties are active and easily affected by light, high temperature, or oxidants to undergo oxidation reactions. The stability and activity will change at different pH values. As an effective adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, Norepinephrine tartrate can activate alpha ₁, alpha ₂, and beta ₁ receptors. In the cardiovascular system, binding to alpha receptors causes smooth muscle contraction and increases peripheral vascular resistance; Binding to β - κ receptors enhances myocardial contractility, increases heart rate, and enhances cardiac output. And as the main neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve endings, it participates in regulating various physiological processes such as wakefulness, attention, and emotion, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of various mental illnesses.
Norepinephrine Tartrate CAS 3414-63-9
Product Code: BM-2-5-061
Name: norepinephrine tartrate
CAS No.: 3414-63-9
MF.: C12H17NO9
MW.: 319.26
EINECS No.: 222-307-0
MDL No.：MFCD00132876
Enterprise standard: HPLC>99.0%, LC-MS
Main market: USA, Australia, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Indonesia, UK, New Zealand , Canada etc.
Manufacturer: BLOOM TECH XI'an Factory
Technology service: R&D Dept.-3
Usage: Pharmacokinetic study
Shipping: Shipping as another no sensitive chemical compound name.
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What is the Difference Between Norepinephrine and norepinephrine tartrate?
Norepinephrine and Norepinephrine tartrate(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine-tartrate) have certain applications in the medical field, but there are differences between the two in terms of drug type, efficacy, mode of use, prohibited population, adverse reactions, duration of efficacy, chemical properties, and stability. The following is a detailed analysis:
Norepinephrine: belongs to the catecholamine class of drugs. Catecholamines play an important role in human physiological activities, and norepinephrine, as one of them, plays a crucial role in the synthesis and secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones. It is not only a neurotransmitter, mainly synthesized and secreted by sympathetic postganglionic neurons and noradrenergic neurons in the brain, but also the main neurotransmitter released by the latter; It is also a hormone synthesized and secreted by the adrenal medulla, but in relatively small amounts.
Tartrate norepinephrine: belongs to the class of adrenal receptor agonists. It exerts a series of physiological and pharmacological effects by binding to adrenal receptors, and has a unique mechanism of action in regulating cardiovascular system function.
Drug efficacy
The main function of norepinephrine is to alleviate shock caused by insufficient blood volume. In a state of shock, the effective circulating blood volume of the patient decreases, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and insufficient blood perfusion to important organs. Norepinephrine can strongly constrict blood vessels, increase peripheral vascular resistance, thereby raising blood pressure, improving blood supply to important organs, and maintaining normal physiological functions of the body. The efficacy of norepinephrine tartrate is more extensive, which can effectively alleviate various diseases such as anesthesia shock, toxic shock, and cardiogenic shock. It stimulates alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle, causing blood vessels to contract and blood pressure to rise; At higher doses, it can also stimulate cardiac beta receptors, enhance myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output, and have good therapeutic effects on different types of shock.
Norepinephrine can be administered through intravenous infusion, which can precisely control the speed and dosage of drug input and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner according to the patient's condition. In addition, norepinephrine can also be diluted and taken orally, but when administered orally, the drug may be affected by various factors in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in relatively unstable absorption and low bioavailability. Therefore, its clinical application is relatively limited. Tartrate norepinephrine is mainly administered through intravenous infusion. Intravenous infusion can quickly introduce drugs into the bloodstream, exert their therapeutic effects, and is suitable for emergency situations that require rapid increase in blood pressure or improvement of heart function.
Duration of drug efficacy
The efficacy of norepinephrine is short-lived and usually disappears within a few minutes. This is because norepinephrine is rapidly metabolized and cleared in the body, and its action time is relatively short, requiring continuous administration to maintain the therapeutic effect. The efficacy of norepinephrine tartrate has a longer duration and can last for several hours. This gives it certain advantages in some treatments that require longer periods of maintenance of blood pressure and cardiac function, reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance.
In clinical practice, norepinephrine is mainly used to treat shock caused by insufficient blood volume, such as traumatic shock, hemorrhagic shock, etc. In these cases, the patient's blood volume sharply decreases, and norepinephrine rapidly increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, ensuring blood perfusion to important organs and buying time for subsequent treatment. Tartrate norepinephrine is not only used for the treatment of shock, but also commonly used for acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, angina caused by pheochromocytoma, low blood pressure, and other conditions. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, norepinephrine tartrate can maintain blood pressure, ensure coronary artery perfusion, and reduce the extent of myocardial infarction; For angina and hypotension caused by pheochromocytoma, it can regulate cardiovascular function and alleviate symptoms.
Interactions with other drugs
Norepinephrine may interact with certain drugs when used in combination. For example, when used in combination with beta blockers, it may counteract the beta receptor agonistic effect of norepinephrine, affecting the therapeutic effect; When used in combination with general anesthetics, it may increase the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, when using norepinephrine, it is important to pay attention to the patient's medication history and avoid potential drug interactions. The combination of norepinephrine tartrate and beta blockers may cause "abnormal hypertension", because beta blockers block the action of beta receptors, making the vasoconstrictive effect of alpha receptors relatively enhanced, leading to an increase in blood pressure. In addition, norepinephrine tartrate should not be used in combination with anesthetics such as halothane and cyclopropane to avoid causing severe ventricular arrhythmias.
Conclusion
Norepinephrine tartrate, as an important drug and neurotransmitter, has a wide range of applications in the medical field. This article provides a comprehensive review of its basic information, mechanism of action, clinical applications, adverse reactions, precautions, and research progress. It plays an important role in the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and has significant therapeutic effects in treating diseases such as shock, hypotension, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, it may also cause some adverse reactions, and attention should be paid to relevant matters during use.