Trifluoroperazine Dihydrochloride(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/trifluoperazine-dihydrochloride-cas-440-17-5.html), CAS 440-17-5, molecular formula C21H26Cl2F3N3S, which contains two hydrochloric acid molecules. It has a molecular weight of 480.82 g/mol. Usually present as a white or off-white crystalline powder. It may be hygroscopic. In water, trifluoperazine hydrochloride has a relatively high solubility and forms a solution. It is also soluble in various organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol and dimethylformamide, easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in chloroform, and insoluble in ether. Relatively stable at room temperature, but should avoid contact with strong oxidants. is a drug with various clinical and laboratory applications, it is a dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor with antipsychotic and antiemetic effects. It is also widely used as a reagent in laboratory research. In scientific research, trifluoperazine hydrochloride is often used as a tool and reagent in laboratory research. It can be used to study the function and interaction of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, etc.
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A kind of preparation method of trifluoperazine hydrochloride, it comprises
Step 1: Condensation reaction:
C13H8F3NS + 4-methyl-1-chloropropylpiperazine → crude trifluoperazine
Add 2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine and 4-methyl-1-chloropropylpiperazine in a molar ratio to an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or dichloromethane (DCM). Add an appropriate amount of catalyst, you can use a base catalyst such as triethylamine (TEA) or zinc powder. The pH value of the reaction is controlled between 9 and 12, and the temperature is kept within the range of 80° C. to 120° C. for a certain period of time.
Step 2: the purification of trifluoperazine crude product:
Crude trifluoperazine + C2H2O4 → trifluoperazine dioxalate
Trifluoperazine dioxalate + base → C21H24F3N3S
The trifluoperazine crude product obtained in step 1 is converted into trifluoperazine dioxalate. This reaction can be carried out by reaction with an excess of oxalic acid, usually in an alcoholic solvent. After obtaining trifluoperazine dioxalate, add an appropriate amount of alkali, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to convert trifluoperazine dioxalate into trifluoperazine.
Step 3: generate trifluoperazine hydrochloride:
C21H24F3N3S + ClH → C21H26Cl2F3N3S
The purified trifluoperazine obtained in step 2 is reacted with hydrochloric acid to generate trifluoperazine hydrochloride. Under appropriate temperature and reaction time, the reaction is usually carried out between normal temperature and 60°C. Anhydrous hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be used as a reaction solvent or catalyst. Finally, the pure trifluoperazine hydrochloride product is obtained by filtration or crystallization.
The method has simple process route, low cost and high yield, and is suitable for industrial production of trifluoperazine hydrochloride.
The molecular structure of Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride can be obtained by analyzing its chemical formula. Its chemical formula is C21H26F3N3S·2HCl, which contains organic and inorganic parts.
1. Organic fraction:
The organic part consists of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). According to the chemical formula, C21H26F3N3S, we can analyze the following structural features:
- Carbon (C) atom: There are 21 carbon atoms, which are linked together in different ways to form a complex carbon skeleton structure.
- Hydrogen (H) atoms: There are 26 hydrogen atoms, which form covalent bonds with carbon atoms.
- Nitrogen (N) Atoms: There are 3 nitrogen atoms which also form covalent bonds with carbon atoms.
- Sulfur (S) atom: There is 1 sulfur atom, which forms a covalent bond with a carbon atom.
2. Inorganic part:
The inorganic part is the two chloride ions (Cl-) of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) molecule. In the trifluperazine hydrochloride molecule, there are two hydrochloric acid molecules bound to the organic moiety, providing the drug in the hydrochloride dihydrate form.
Analysis of this molecular structure shows that trifluoperazine hydrochloride is a compound between organic molecules and inorganic ions. The carbon skeleton structure of the organic part and the cooperation with hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms form the pharmacological activity of the drug. The hydrochloride ion of the inorganic part is involved in properties such as drug synthesis, stability and solubility under study.
Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride is a typical antipsychotic drug widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
In the mid-1950s, scientists' research on neurotransmitters progressed rapidly, especially important progress was made in understanding the role of the inhibitory neurotransmitter dopamine. Drugs that inhibit dopamine are considered potential treatments for mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. In this context, some pharmaceutical companies began to explore new compounds to develop more effective antipsychotic drugs.
Trifluoperazine hydrochloride was first discovered by researchers at Smith Kline & French Laboratories (today GlaxoSmithKline) during an early study of antihistamine compounds. They performed a large-scale screen of a certain class of compounds to find compounds with central nervous activity, particularly in terms of antihistamine effects. One of these compounds is trifluperazine, which was first synthesized in 1956.
Subsequently, Smith Kline & French conducted extensive pharmacological and clinical studies on trifluoperazine to evaluate its potential therapeutic effect. Experimental results in animal models show that trifluoperazine has significant antipsychotic activity, and has a more obvious inhibitory effect on the dopamine system. This finding further supports the hypothesis that dopamine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
In 1959, Smith Kline & French marketed the trifluoperazine formulation and registered the trade name of trifluoperazine hydrochloride as an antipsychotic drug. Later, the drug was introduced to the global market and is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
Over time, more research and further developments have been done on trifluperazine hydrochloride. By analyzing its pharmacological mechanism of action and clinical effects, scientists continue to gain insight into the drug's pharmacological properties and indications. In addition, a series of pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in humans.