Inj Glucagon 1 mg,Injectable glucagon 1mg is a peptide hormone composed of 29 amino acid residues, with a molecular formula of C153H225N43O49S and a molecular weight of 3483. This drug is usually supplied in the form of sterile freeze-dried white powder, each containing 1 mg of glucagon, and may come with 1 mL of sterile injection water for solution preparation. Glucagon is unstable in solution, so it should be used immediately after preparation to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Glucagon mainly activates glycogen degrading enzymes in the liver, promoting the breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose and releasing it into the bloodstream, thereby rapidly increasing blood sugar levels. This process is crucial for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia (such as hypoglycemic coma caused by excessive insulin or insufficient diet in patients with diabetes). In addition, glucagon can also inhibit gastrointestinal motility, which makes it a diagnostic adjuvant drug in radiological examinations, used to temporarily inhibit gastrointestinal motility and improve examination effectiveness.
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Glucagon COA
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| Certificate of Analysis | ||
| Compound name | Glucagon | |
| Grade | Pharmaceutical grade | |
| CAS No. | 16941-32-5 | |
| Quantity | 337.3kg | |
| Packaging standard | 25kg/drum | |
| Manufacturer | Shaanxi BLOOM TECH Co., Ltd | |
| Lot No. | 202501090052 | |
| MFG | Jan 9th 2025 | |
| EXP | Jan 8th 2028 | |
| Structure |
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| Item | Enterprise standard | Analysis result |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder | Conformed |
| Water content | ≤5.0% | 0.53% |
| Loss on drying | ≤1.0% | 0.36% |
| Heavy Metals | Pb≤0.5ppm | N.D. |
| As≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Hg≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Cd≤0.5ppm | N.D. | |
| Purity (HPLC) | ≥99.0% | 99.90% |
| Single impurity | <0.8% | 0.48% |
| Total microbial count | ≤750cfu/g | 96 |
| E. Coli | ≤2MPN/g | N.D. |
| Salmonella | N.D. | N.D. |
| Ethanol (by GC) | ≤5000ppm | 500ppm |
| Storage | Store in a sealed, dark, and dry place below 2-8°C | |
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The application of this substance in the overdose of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
In clinical emergency, drug overdose is one of the common emergency situations, among which the overdose of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers is particularly tricky. Excessive use of both drugs can lead to severe cardiovascular system collapse, posing a threat to the patient's life. Inj Glucagon 1 mg (also known as injectable glucagon 1 mg) is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in reversing cardiovascular depression caused by excessive use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Pharmacological effects and overdose manifestations of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers mainly act to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia by blocking beta adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the heart and blood vessels, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure. However, when beta blockers are overdosed, their pharmacological effects are excessively amplified, leading to severe bradycardia, hypotension, conduction block, and even cardiogenic shock. In addition, excessive use of beta blockers may also cause adverse reactions such as bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, and central nervous system suppression.
Pharmacological effects and excessive manifestations of calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers mainly block L-type calcium channels on the membrane of myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibit the influx of extracellular calcium ions, thereby reducing myocardial contractility, slowing heart rate, and lowering blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers can be classified into dihydropyridine and non dihydropyridine based on their selectivity towards blood vessels and the heart. Dihydropyridine compounds such as nifedipine and amlodipine mainly act on vascular smooth muscle, causing peripheral vasodilation;
Non dihydropyridines such as verapamil and diltiazem have stronger inhibitory effects on the cardiac conduction system and myocardial contractility. Excessive use of calcium channel blockers can lead to severe hypotension, bradycardia, conduction block, heart failure, and even cardiac arrest. In addition, excessive use of calcium channel blockers may also cause complications such as hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and pulmonary edema.
Its pharmacological effects and mechanisms
Elevated blood sugar function
Inj Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, whose main function is to raise blood sugar. It activates adenylate cyclase on the liver cell membrane, increases the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thereby activating phosphorylase, promoting hepatic glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis, and rapidly increasing blood glucose levels. This effect is of great significance for reversing hypoglycemia caused by excessive use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Positive inotropic effect
High dose Inj Glucagon has a cardiac effect similar to catecholamines, which can enhance myocardial contractility, accelerate heart rate, increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, thereby raising blood pressure and improving atrioventricular conduction. This mechanism of action may be related to its activation of myocardial adenylate cyclase and increase of cAMP concentration. The positive inotropic effect is a key role of Inj Glucagon 1 mg in reversing cardiovascular depression caused by excessive use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Other functions
In addition to raising blood sugar and promoting positive muscle strength, Inj Glucagon also has effects such as increasing bile and intestinal secretion, inhibiting gastrointestinal peristalsis, and reducing gallbladder tension. However, these effects are not the main focus in reversing the excessive use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Application of Inj Glucagon in the treatment of beta blocker overdose
Inj Glucagon is mainly used to treat severe bradycardia, hypotension, conduction block, and cardiogenic shock caused by excessive use of beta blockers. In these cases, traditional pressor drugs such as dopamine and norepinephrine may not be effective, while Inj Glucagon 1 mg can effectively reverse the cardiovascular inhibitory effect of beta blockers through its positive inotropic effect.
For an overdose of beta blockers, the initial dose for adults is usually 5-10 milligrams administered intravenously, which usually takes effect within 5-10 minutes and lasts for 15-30 minutes. Subsequently, maintenance can be maintained by intravenous infusion at a dose of 1-5 milligrams per hour depending on the patient's condition. For pediatric patients, the initial dose is 0.15 mg/kg intravenous infusion, followed by maintenance at a dose of 0.05-0.1 mg/kg per hour via intravenous drip.
Multiple clinical studies and practice cases have shown that Inj Glucagon has significant therapeutic effects in reversing cardiovascular depression caused by excessive beta blockers. For example, a patient who suffered from severe bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock due to excessive use of metoprolol experienced a rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure and significant improvement in symptoms after receiving intravenous injection of Inj Glucagon.
When using Inj Glucagon to treat beta blocker overdose, the following points should be noted:Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid using Inj Glucagon as it may induce severe hypertensive crisis.A small number of patients may experience transient nausea, vomiting, facial fever, and other adverse reactions, which are more likely to occur during intravenous injection. Long term discontinuation of medication can easily lead to hypoglycemia.Inj Glucagon has an antagonistic effect with beta blockers such as propranolol, but a hypoglycemic effect with hypoglycemic drugs, so attention should be paid to adjusting the dosage.
Application of Inj Glucagon in the treatment of excessive calcium channel blockers
Indications
Inj Glucagon can also be used to treat severe hypotension, bradycardia, conduction block, and cardiac dysfunction caused by excessive calcium channel blockers. In these cases, Inj Glucagon 1 mg can increase myocardial contractility, accelerate heart rate, and raise blood pressure through its positive inotropic effect, thereby improving the patient's cardiovascular function.
Clinical application cases
In clinical practice, Inj Glucagon 1 mg has also achieved good results in reversing cardiovascular inhibition caused by excessive calcium channel blockers. For example, a patient who suffered from severe hypotension and bradycardia due to excessive use of verapamil experienced a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate after receiving intravenous injection of Inj Glucagon 1 mg, and the symptoms were significantly relieved.
Combination therapy
In the treatment of excessive calcium channel blockers, Inj Glucagon is often used in combination with other drugs to improve efficacy. For example, calcium supplements (such as calcium gluconate) can enhance myocardial contractility by increasing extracellular calcium ion concentration; High doses of insulin and glucose can improve myocardial function by promoting glucose utilization and energy metabolism; Vasopressors such as norepinephrine can increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. These drugs, when used in combination with Inj Glucagon 1 mg, can exert a synergistic effect and better reverse cardiovascular depression caused by excessive calcium channel blockers.
Precautions
When using Inj Glucagon 1 mg to treat an overdose of calcium channel blockers, attention should also be paid to contraindications, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. In addition, excessive use of calcium channel blockers may cause metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia. Therefore, close monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary when using Inj Glucagon 1 mg, and treatment plans should be adjusted according to the situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to reconstitute glucagon 1 mg?
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Using a syringe, withdraw all of the Sterile Water for Injection (if supplied) or 1 mL Sterile Water for Injection and inject into the Glucagon for Injection vial. Shake the vial gently until the powder is completely dissolved and no particles remain in the fluid. The reconstituted fluid should be clear and colorless.
How to dilute glucagon for infusion?
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Reconstitution
Add 1.1mL water for injection (provided) to the vial containing the powder to produce a 1mg/1mL solution.
Shake gently until completely dissolved.
A syringe with a thinner needle and a finer graduation may be more suitable in diagnostic procedures.
How fast do you push IV glucagon?
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Intravenous Administration
Must be administered by a health care professional only. After reconstitution, administer the dose IV as a bolus over a time period of 1 minute. Single bolus doses above 1 mg IV have caused nausea and vomiting and are not recommended.
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