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Erythrosin b dye, red to reddish brown powder. It is a functional natural food pigment with good antioxidant activity, and its molecular formula is C20H6I4Na2O5. It is miscible with water, glycerin and acetone, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in oil, soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerin. The neutral aqueous solution is red, with yellowish brown precipitates in acid and red precipitates in alkaline. Poor acid resistance, strong heat resistance and reduction resistance. It can precipitate in alkalinity, and has good dyeing property for protein and strong hygroscopicity. Poor light resistance and heat resistance; Alkali resistance; It has good resistance to oxidation, reduction and bacteria, but is unstable to acid. It is widely used in the production of weak acid food, such as fermented food, baked food, ice cream, salted products, etc.
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Chemical Formula |
C20H6I4O5Na2 |
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Exact Mass |
880 |
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Molecular Weight |
880 |
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m/z |
880 (100.0%), 881 (21.6%), 882 (2.2%), 882 |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 28.81; H, 0.73; I, 60.87; O, 9.59 |
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Erythrosine B, also known as tetraiodofloxacin B, is a red or reddish brown particle or powder that is odorless, easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, and glycerol, but insoluble in fats and oils. It has good staining properties, especially for proteins, and compared with other synthetic red pigments of the same type, it has better heat resistance, alkali resistance, redox resistance, and coloring power.
(1) Food coloring agents
It is an edible red pigment widely used in the food industry. It can be used for coloring various foods such as starch, baked goods, shrimp, ham, sausages, cherries, etc. Often used in combination with other pigments, the dosage is generally 5-100mg/kg. According to Chinese regulations, it can be used in red green silk and dyed cherry canned food (for decoration), with a maximum dosage of 0.10g/kg; The maximum dosage for coloring sauces, various beverages, blended wines, candies, pastries, and green plums is 0.05g/kg.
(2) Precautions for use
Erythrosin b dye is not used in beverages or hard candies. This is mainly because the processing technology and consumption methods of beverages and hard candies are different from other foods, and the stability and safety in these foods may not be fully guaranteed. In addition, when using, it is necessary to strictly follow the dosage specified by the country to ensure food safety.
(2) Applicable food types
Fermented foods: have good applications in fermented foods, can add bright red to food, and enhance the visual appeal of food.
Baked goods: In baked goods, it can make the food present an attractive color and increase consumers' appetite. For example, in the production of baked goods such as bread and cakes, adding an appropriate amount can make the food more beautiful.
Ice cream: Provide bright colors to ice cream, making it more attractive in appearance and meeting consumers' needs for food appearance.
Fish cake: In aquatic products such as fish cake, it can play a coloring role, improve the color of the food, and enhance the quality of the product.
Pickled products: used for coloring pickled products, making them more attractive in appearance, and also to some extent masking the color changes that may occur during the pickling process of food.
(1) Health food
Can be used in health food as a coloring agent to add color to the product. Adding an appropriate amount to health food can make the product more aesthetically pleasing and attract consumers' attention. At the same time, the use of erythrosine B needs to comply with relevant food safety standards and regulations to ensure its safety to the human body.
(2) Medicinal raw materials and fillers
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, it can be used as a medicinal raw material or filler. It can be used in the preparation process of some drugs to identify or improve the appearance of the drugs. For example, in the preparation of some tablets, capsules, and other drugs, adding an appropriate amount can make the drugs easier to identify and distinguish.
(3) Biopharmaceuticals
There may also be certain applications in the research and production of biopharmaceuticals. It can be used in cell culture, biological experiments, and other fields as a marker or indicator. For example, in cell viability identification, it is an important dye used to identify cell viability. It is also a phosphate triple probe used to detect the rotational diffusion of membrane proteins. The cell viability dyes used in combination with hemocytometers share a common characteristic of being able to penetrate damaged cell membranes. The two most commonly used dyes are trypan blue and erythrosine B. The former is a blue dye, while the latter is a cherry pink dye containing fluorescein salts (which has photosensitivity at certain wavelengths).
(1) Plastic lubricant
Mainly used as a plastic lubricant, suitable for thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Adding an appropriate amount of this substance during plastic processing can improve the processing performance of plastics, reduce friction between plastics, and improve the quality and production efficiency of plastic products.
(2) Dyes, paints, inks
In the industrial field, it can be used for the production of dyes, paints, inks, etc. It can provide bright red colors for these products to meet the color needs of different industries. For example, in the textile printing and dyeing industry, erythrosine B can be used as a dye for fabric dyeing; In the production of paint and ink, products can have better color expression and coverage.
(3) Other industrial applications
It can also be used in the petroleum industry, manufacturing industry, agricultural products, scientific research and development, batteries, precision castings and other fields. In the petroleum industry, it may be used for the identification or testing of certain petroleum products; In the manufacturing industry, it can be used for surface treatment or coloring of some metal products; In terms of agricultural products, it can be used for coloring plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, etc; In technology research and development, it can be used as an experimental reagent for various research and development work; It may also have certain applications in the production of batteries and precision castings.
(1) Cosmetics
Erythrosin b dye is used for coloring cosmetics such as essence, toothpaste, toilet water, bath liquid, shampoo, facial mask, but not for eye cosmetics. Adding an appropriate amount of this substance to cosmetics can make the product appear in different colors and meet consumers' diverse needs for cosmetic appearance. For example, in some cosmetics products such as lipstick and powder blusher, they can provide bright red for products; In toothpaste, a moderate amount of erythrosine B can enhance the visual effect of the toothpaste.
(2) Personal care products
In personal care products such as facial cleansers, beauty creams, and toners, coloring can also be used. It can make the product more beautiful, enhance the quality and attractiveness of the product. However, due to the high safety requirements for eye cosmetics, they should not be used for eye cosmetics to avoid irritation or harm to the eyes.
Feed animal medicine
(1) Pet canned food and animal feed
Red moss B can be used for coloring pet cans, animal feed, nutritional feed, etc. Adding an appropriate amount of erythrin B to pet food and animal feed can make the product more aesthetically pleasing and attract the appetite of pets and animals. At the same time, the use of erythrosine B needs to comply with relevant feed safety standards and regulations to ensure its safety for pets and animals.
(2) Research and development of genetically modified feed and aquatic feed
There may also be certain applications in the research and development of genetically modified feed and the production of aquatic feed. It can be used for coloring feed, improving the appearance of feed, and also as a marker for research and development of feed. For example, in aquatic feed, moderate amounts can make the feed more easily recognizable and ingested by aquatic animals such as fish.
(3) Vitamin feed and veterinary products
It can be used as a coloring agent in vitamin feed and veterinary products. It can make the product more beautiful and also facilitate product identification and differentiation. When using it, it is necessary to strictly follow the relevant regulations and standards to ensure its safety and effectiveness for animals.
Experimental reagents
(1) Biological staining agent
Can be used as a biological staining agent, with applications in Jackson staining in plant tissue anatomy, counterstaining after hematoxylin staining, and Kreyberg's method for staining keratin and mucus. In biological experiments, it can help researchers observe the structure and morphology of cells and tissues more clearly, providing important technical support for biological research.
(2) Other experimental research and development
It can also be used for various experimental research and development. In fields such as chemical experiments and materials science experiments, it can be used as an indicator, marker, etc. to detect and observe various changes during the experimental process. For example, in certain chemical reactions, the color change of erythrosin b dye can indicate the degree of progress of the reaction; In materials science experiments, erythrosine B can be used to label the surface or internal structure of materials for further research and analysis.
Can replace glycerol as a flavoring, antifreeze, and moisturizing agent for tobacco. Adding an appropriate amount to tobacco products can improve the taste and aroma of tobacco, as well as provide some antifreeze and moisturizing effects, thereby enhancing the quality and stability of tobacco products. However, tobacco products pose certain risks to human health, and their use in tobacco products requires strict control of dosage to ensure that they do not cause greater harm to human health.
The preparation methods of erythrosin b mainly include the following synthetic routes:
1. Dissolve fluorescein in sodium hydroxide solution to prepare fluorescein disodium salt, and then add 4 equivalent iodine to it for iodine substitution reaction to prepare erythrin B. The operation of this synthetic route is relatively simple. At present, the industrial preparation of tetraiodofluorescein B basically adopts this route.
2. Tetraiodofluorescein is prepared by reacting fluorescein with 2 equivalent iodic acid and 2.5 equivalent iodine, and then adjusting sodium hydroxide to sodium salt to obtain erythrin B. The utilization rate of iodine element in this synthesis route has been improved to 57%.
3. Heat resorcinol to melt, add phthalic anhydride, stir and melt, heat to 185 ° C, and react for half an hour to generate dark yellow resorcinol phthalein, which is in liquid state at this time. Add powdered anhydrous zinc chloride under stirring, stir until it is completely dissolved, gradually raise the temperature to 210~215 ° C, heat until the reactant is completely solidified, then cool and crush to obtain coarse melt; The crude melt is heated and azeotropized with dilute hydrochloric acid to extract zinc chloride and residual resorcinol. After filtering, washing and drying, the unreacted resorcinol phthalein is extracted with ethanol. The extracted product is dried to obtain fluorescein.
Dissolve fluorescein in sodium hydroxide solution, add iodine to react, add hydrochloric acid to the reactant, precipitate crystals, then convert it into sodium salt solution, and concentrate to obtain the product.
Preparation of red aluminum lake
Aluminum hydroxide is prepared from aluminum salts of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, etc. and alkalis of sodium carbonate, etc., and then added to the red moss red aqueous solution to precipitate to obtain the erythrosin b dye.
Composed of benzaldehyde The condensation product of 4-sulfonic acid and diethyl-m-aminophenol is dehydrated by concentrated sulfuric acid and oxidized by potassium dichromate, permanganate or ferric chloride to form sodium salt.
The crude fluorescein obtained by heating and melting resorcinol, phthalic anhydride and anhydrous zinc chloride is refined, iodized, salted out with sodium chloride, and refined.
Fluorescent yellow is used as raw material to react with iodine, then sodium hydroxide is added to form sodium salt, which is refined and filtered to obtain the finished product.
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