L-leucine powder is an essential amino acid, with the chemical formula of C6H13NO2. It is an enantiomer with D-leucine. It is white glossy hexahedral crystal or white crystalline powder at room temperature. Odorless, slightly bitter. In the presence of hydrocarbons, it is stable in inorganic acid aqueous solution. Slightly soluble in ethanol, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, alkaline hydroxide and carbonate solution. Insoluble in ether. Natural products exist in the spleen, heart, etc., and in various animal and plant tissues in the form of protein, which can be free after decomposition. Used as a nutritional supplement. It is generally used for bread and flour products. Prepare amino acid infusion and comprehensive amino acid preparation, hypoglycemic agent and plant growth promoter. It can be used as spice to improve food flavor. It is commonly used in various kinds of food, beverage, health products, feed, medicine, agriculture, industry, biochemical research, etc.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H13NO2 |
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Exact Mass |
131.09 |
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Molecular Weight |
131.18 |
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m/z |
131.09 (100.0%), 132.10 (6.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.94; H, 9.99; N, 10.68; O, 24.39 |
L-Leucine is a versatile amino acid with numerous applications across the nutritional, medical, food, and potentially other industries. Its key role in protein synthesis, particularly in muscle tissue, makes it a valuable supplement for athletes and individuals seeking to improve their physical performance and recovery. Additionally, its ability to regulate blood sugar and support various therapeutic uses underscores its importance in medical and health settings.
Nutritional Supplement
- Protein Synthesis and Muscle Growth: L-Leucine is critical for protein synthesis, particularly in muscle tissue. It acts as a key regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which promotes muscle protein synthesis and growth. This makes it a popular supplement for athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals engaging in resistance training.
- Recovery and Endurance: L-Leucine supplementation has been shown to enhance muscle recovery after exercise and improve endurance during physical activity. It helps reduce muscle soreness and fatigue, allowing individuals to train harder and recover faster.
Medical and Health
- Blood Sugar Regulation: L-Leucine has been found to promote insulin secretion, which can help lower blood sugar levels. It is sometimes used in the management of diabetes and other conditions related to glucose metabolism.
- Therapeutic Uses: L-Leucine is incorporated into amino acid infusions and formulations used for the treatment of various conditions, including infantile hyperglycemia, metabolic disorders, liver diseases, anemia, poisoning, muscular dystrophies, polio sequelae, neuritis, and psychiatric disorders.
Food and Beverage Industry
- Nutritional Enhancement: L-Leucine is commonly added to foods and beverages, such as dairy products, meat products, baked goods, and sports drinks, to enhance their nutritional value. It contributes to the overall amino acid profile, supporting protein synthesis and muscle maintenance.
- Flavor Enhancement: In addition to its nutritional benefits, L-Leucine can also be used as a flavor enhancer, improving the taste and aroma of various foods.
Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Skin Health: L-Leucine has been explored for its potential in cosmetics and personal care products due to its ability to promote skin health and wound healing. While not as widely used as some other amino acids in this field, its properties suggest potential applications in anti-aging and skin repair products.
Other Applications
- Industrial and Chemical Uses: L-Leucine may also find applications in industrial and chemical processes as a raw material or intermediate in the production of specific products. However, specific details on these uses may vary and are often proprietary.
- Agriculture: As a plant growth promoter, L-Leucine has been investigated for its ability to enhance crop growth and yield. Its role in supporting protein synthesis in plants makes it a potential biostimulant.
The manufacture of amino acids began with the hydrolysis of proteins in 1820. The extraction sequence is L-cystine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-arginine. In 1908, Japanese Ikeda found that sodium glutamate was a flavor enhancer, starting the history of industrial production of amino acids. In 1957, Japan began to use microorganisms to ferment glutamic acid, which opened a new chapter in the history of amino acid production by microbial fermentation. In the 1960s, the biosynthesis of L-leucine and its metabolic regulation mechanism were clarified one after another. This provides a theoretical basis for the directed breeding of L-leucine production by microbial fermentation and the production of L-leucine powder by enzyme.
production methods
Extraction method (protein hydrolysis method)
Amino acid is the constituent unit of protein. Under acidic conditions, the protein with high L-leucine content is hydrolyzed to obtain a mixture of various amino acids. L-leucine products are obtained through separation, purification, refinement and other processes.
Chemical synthesis method
A. Strecker,. Ammonia hydrolysis of monohalogenated acid, phase transfer catalysis and other methods. Although the principle of chemical synthesis is simple and the price is low, the operation is complex, the reaction conditions are harsh, the yield is not high, and some methods involve toxic substances. Leucine obtained by chemical synthesis is racemic DL leucine. In order to obtain the product, optical isomer must be resolved.
Enzyme catalysis
Usually, the production of L-leucine is transferred to ammonia by transaminase. Monoketoisohexoic acid generates L-leucine. The related enzyme and NADH are covalently bound to the membrane, allowing the substrate to slowly pass through the membrane and conduct enzyme catalyzed reaction to generate L-leucine. Such as whether 1981 can be removed and the effect of removal. The most effective way to obtain the mutant strain accumulating the target product is to relieve the normal metabolic control of microorganisms through gene mutation. Several common methods for obtaining mutant strains are as follows:
(1) breeding nutrient deficient strains, cutting off or changing parallel metabolic pathways;
(2) Breeding of mutant resistant to structural analogues relieves feedback inhibition and repression;
(3) Mutants of cell membrane permeability were selected to make the target product secreted out of the cell, so that the concentration of the end product in the cell could not reach the concentration that caused feedback regulation. The application of genetic engineering and metabolic engineering aims to transform microbial strains and make them synthesize target products in high concentration.
Microbial fermentation
In 1987, Groegere, a German scholar, added precursors. Monoketo isocaproic acid is used to produce L-leucine powder, and the precursor is added to the culture medium. The concentration of monoketoisohexanoic acid is 20g/L, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ferments for 57h, producing 16g/L L-leucine, and the mass conversion rate is 91-96%; The fed batch culture method can be used to add 32 g/L of a-keto-isobexanoic acid, ferment for 23 hours, and produce 24 g/L of L-leucine. The conversion of monoketoisohexanoic acid to L-leucine powder is catalyzed by transaminase.
Scope of sales channels
Sales Channel Model and Strategy
There are various sales channels for L-leucine powder, and suppliers can choose the appropriate sales model based on their own situation and market demand. The following is a detailed analysis of the main sales channel models and strategies:
Direct sales model
The direct sales model refers to suppliers selling L-leucine powder directly to downstream customers. The advantage of this model is that it can reduce intermediate links, lower sales costs, and enhance product competitiveness. At the same time, suppliers can better understand the needs and market dynamics of downstream customers, and adjust product structure and sales strategies in a timely manner. However, the direct sales model also has some drawbacks, such as the need to invest a large amount of manpower, material resources, and financial resources to establish sales networks and customer relationships, which puts high demands on the financial strength and management capabilities of suppliers.
Distribution model
The distribution model refers to the supplier selling L-leucine powder to distributors, who then sell the product to downstream customers. The advantage of this model is that it can utilize the sales network and customer resources of distributors to quickly expand the market and increase product sales volume. At the same time, dealers can also provide support such as market research and after-sales service to suppliers, reducing their sales risks. However, the distribution model also has some drawbacks, such as dealers may lower purchase prices or increase sales prices in pursuit of profit maximization, thereby affecting the supplier's profit level.
Proxy mode
The agency model refers to suppliers entrusting agents to sell L-leucine powder on their behalf. Agents usually have professional sales teams and rich market experience, which can provide comprehensive sales services to suppliers. The advantage of this model is that it can leverage the professional capabilities and market resources of agents to quickly open up the market, increase product awareness and sales volume. However, there are also some risks associated with the agency model, such as potential conflicts of interest between agents and suppliers, which can lead to poor cooperation.
E-commerce platform model
With the continuous development of the Internet, e-commerce platform mode has gradually become one of the important channels for the sales of L-leucine powder. Through e-commerce platforms, suppliers can directly display their products to downstream customers and achieve online transactions. The advantage of this model is that it can reduce sales costs, improve sales efficiency, expand sales channels, and increase sales volume. However, the e-commerce platform model also faces some challenges, such as fierce competition, the need for strong product competitiveness and marketing capabilities.
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