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L-leucine powder is an essential amino acid, with the chemical formula of C6H13NO2. It is an enantiomer with D-leucine. It is white glossy hexahedral crystal or white crystalline powder at room temperature. Odorless, slightly bitter. In the presence of hydrocarbons, it is stable in inorganic acid aqueous solution. Slightly soluble in ethanol, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, alkaline hydroxide and carbonate solution. Insoluble in ether.
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Chemical Formula |
C6H13NO2 |
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Exact Mass |
131.09 |
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Molecular Weight |
131.18 |
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m/z |
131.09 (100.0%), 132.10 (6.5%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.94; H, 9.99; N, 10.68; O, 24.39 |
Natural products exist in the spleen, heart, etc., and in various animal and plant tissues in the form of protein, which can be free after decomposition. Used as a nutritional supplement. It is generally used for bread and flour products. Prepare amino acid infusion and comprehensive amino acid preparation, hypoglycemic agent and plant growth promoter. It can be used as spice to improve food flavor. It is commonly used in various kinds of food, beverage, health products, feed, medicine, agriculture, industry, biochemical research, etc.
L-Leucine, with the chemical formula C6H 13NO2, is an essential amino acid and one of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). Along with isoleucine and valine, it forms one of the three essential branched chain amino acids for the human body. Widely present in nature, it is an important raw material for protein synthesis and plays a crucial role in human growth and development, metabolic regulation, immune function, and other aspects.
Medical field
1. Nutritional support and treatment
Amino acid infusion and preparation: An important component of commonly used compound amino acid intravenous injection in clinical practice, it plays a positive role in maintaining the nutritional needs of critically ill patients and saving their lives. It can provide essential amino acids for the human body, promote protein synthesis, improve nitrogen balance, and is particularly suitable for postoperative rehabilitation, trauma recovery, muscle atrophy, and other patients.
Hypoglycemic effect: Regulating blood sugar levels by promoting insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity.
Its metabolites can activate pancreatic beta cells, increase insulin release, and enhance peripheral tissue uptake and utilization of glucose. Therefore, it can be used as an auxiliary treatment for disorders of glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes and other diseases, but it should be used reasonably under the guidance of doctors.
Liver protection: It has a protective effect on liver damage such as alcoholic fatty liver. It can promote liver cell regeneration, inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation, and reduce liver fibrosis. Commonly used compound leucine preparations in clinical practice are combined with other liver protective drugs for treatment.
Immune regulation: It is an important substrate for lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production, which can promote T cell activation and proliferation, and enhance macrophage phagocytic ability. For individuals at high risk of postoperative infection or with weakened immunity, moderate supplementation of L-leucine can help improve immune defense function.
Other disease treatments: It can also be used to treat diseases such as anemia, poisoning, muscular atrophy, sequelae of poliomyelitis, neuropathy, and mental illness. In addition, it can also serve as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hyperglycemia in young children.
2. Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Promoting muscle synthesis: It can activate the mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) signaling pathway, directly stimulating muscle protein synthesis and reducing muscle breakdown after exercise. This is particularly important for athletes and sarcopenia patients, and can be consumed in combination with whey protein powder or foods rich in L-leucine such as eggs and soybeans.
Accelerated exercise recovery: Supplementing after exercise can significantly reduce delayed muscle soreness and accelerate the repair of muscle fiber ultrastructure.
Food sector
1.Nutrient fortifier
Food additives: can be used as food nutrition fortifiers to enhance the nutritional value of food. It can be added to beverages, bread, cookies, noodles and other foods to meet the amino acid needs of special populations such as athletes, the elderly, vegetarians, etc.
Limited edition standard: According to the regulations of GB 2760-86 in China, it can be used as a fragrance, and its added amount must comply with relevant standards. Generally speaking, the amount added to food should account for no more than 6.4% of the total protein mass to ensure food safety.
2. Seasoning and Fragrance Enhancers
Improving food flavor: It has a slightly bitter taste and can be used as a flavoring agent to enhance the flavor of food. It can be used in combination with other spices to create a unique food aroma.
Industrial sector
Chemical synthesis raw materials
Drug synthesis: can be used as a raw material for synthesizing other drugs and chemical products. For example, it can be used to prepare intermediates for substances such as growth hormone, providing important support for drug development.
Daily chemical products: can also be used as nutritional supplements for the preparation of cosmetics, toiletries, and other daily chemical products. It has the function of moisturizing and nourishing the skin, improving the texture of the skin and hair, and enhancing the skin's barrier function.
Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
Enzyme catalyzed reaction: In industrial production, enzyme catalyzed synthesis is commonly used. By utilizing biocatalysts such as transaminase, the substrate is converted to L-leucine. This method has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection, and is an important means of industrial production.
In the field of agriculture
1. Plant growth regulator
Promoting plant growth: As one of the essential amino acids for plants, it can directly participate in the synthesis of plant proteins, increase protein content in plants, and thus promote crop growth and development. Research has shown that supplementing an appropriate amount of L-leucine during crop growth can increase plant height, leaf area, and biomass.
Improving stress resistance: L-leucine can participate in various physiological processes in plants, such as energy metabolism, redox reactions, etc. These processes are of great significance for plants to resist stress and adversity.
By applying fertilizers containing L-leucine, crops can improve their resistance to adversity such as drought, salinity, pests and diseases, thereby increasing crop yield and quality.
Improving soil environment: As an organic substance, it can be converted into humus in the soil through microbial decomposition, improving soil structure and increasing soil organic matter content. This has a positive effect on improving soil fertility and promoting crop growth.
2. Examples of Agricultural Applications
Rice cultivation: In rice cultivation in a certain region, the growth of rice is limited due to poor soil conditions. In order to improve the soil environment, increase rice yield and quality, local farmers applied organic fertilizers containing L-leucine during the planting process. After a period of application, the soil structure has been significantly improved and the organic matter content has also increased. The growth status of rice has also significantly improved, with an increase in plant height, leaf area, and biomass.
Feed field
1. Animal feed additives
Promoting animal growth: Adding an appropriate amount of L-leucine to animal feed can promote animal growth and development, and improve production performance. It can improve the protein quality of feed, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by animals, and thus accelerate their growth rate.
Enhancing immunity: As an immune modulator, it can enhance the immunity of animals and improve their ability to resist diseases. This is of great significance for reducing the occurrence of animal diseases and lowering breeding costs.
Improving meat quality: Moderate addition can also improve animal meat quality, enhance the nutritional value and taste of meat products. This has a positive effect on meeting consumers' demand for high-quality meat products.
2. Examples of Feed Applications
Pig feed: Adding it to pig feed can improve the growth rate and feed conversion rate of pigs. Research has shown that adding an appropriate amount of feed can significantly increase the weight and lean meat percentage of pigs, while reducing fat content.
Poultry feed: Adding L-leucine to poultry feed can also achieve similar effects. It can increase the egg production rate and hatching rate of poultry, improve egg quality and meat quality.
The manufacture of amino acids began with the hydrolysis of proteins in 1820. The extraction sequence is L-cystine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-arginine.
Japanese Ikeda found that sodium glutamate was a flavor enhancer, starting the history of industrial production of amino acids.
Japan began to use microorganisms to ferment glutamic acid, which opened a new chapter in the history of amino acid production by microbial fermentation.
The biosynthesis of L-leucine and its metabolic regulation mechanism were clarified one after another. This provides a theoretical basis for the directed breeding of L-leucine production by microbial fermentation and the production of L-leucine powder by enzyme.
production methods
Extraction method (protein hydrolysis method)
Amino acid is the constituent unit of protein. Under acidic conditions, the protein with high L-leucine content is hydrolyzed to obtain a mixture of various amino acids. L-leucine products are obtained through separation, purification, refinement and other processes.
Chemical synthesis method
A. Strecker,. Ammonia hydrolysis of monohalogenated acid, phase transfer catalysis and other methods. Although the principle of chemical synthesis is simple and the price is low, the operation is complex, the reaction conditions are harsh, the yield is not high, and some methods involve toxic substances. Leucine obtained by chemical synthesis is racemic DL leucine. In order to obtain the product, optical isomer must be resolved.
Enzyme catalysis
Usually, the production of L-leucine is transferred to ammonia by transaminase. Monoketoisohexoic acid generates L-leucine. The related enzyme and NADH are covalently bound to the membrane, allowing the substrate to slowly pass through the membrane and conduct enzyme catalyzed reaction to generate L-leucine. Such as whether 1981 can be removed and the effect of removal. The most effective way to obtain the mutant strain accumulating the target product is to relieve the normal metabolic control of microorganisms through gene mutation. Several common methods for obtaining mutant strains are as follows:
(1) breeding nutrient deficient strains, cutting off or changing parallel metabolic pathways;
(2) Breeding of mutant resistant to structural analogues relieves feedback inhibition and repression;
(3) Mutants of cell membrane permeability were selected to make the target product secreted out of the cell, so that the concentration of the end product in the cell could not reach the concentration that caused feedback regulation. The application of genetic engineering and metabolic engineering aims to transform microbial strains and make them synthesize target products in high concentration.
Microbial fermentation
In 1987, Groegere, a German scholar, added precursors. Monoketo isocaproic acid is used to produce L-leucine powder, and the precursor is added to the culture medium. The concentration of monoketoisohexanoic acid is 20g/L, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ferments for 57h, producing 16g/L L-leucine, and the mass conversion rate is 91-96%; The fed batch culture method can be used to add 32 g/L of a-keto-isobexanoic acid, ferment for 23 hours, and produce 24 g/L of L-leucine. The conversion of monoketoisohexanoic acid to L-leucine powder is catalyzed by transaminase.
FAQ
What is L-Leucine used for?
Leucine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis. Additionally, similarly to other amino acids, the carbon skeleton of leucine can be used to generate ATP. However, leucine can also regulate several cellular processes such as protein synthesis, tissue regeneration, and metabolism.
Can you take L-Leucine every day?
How much leucine is required? Adults under the age of 60 years old should aim for 7.5 to 9 grams per day. For adults over the age of 60, 12 to 15 grams per day is recommended. For adults who are physically active, the high end of the range applies.
Is L-Leucine safe for kidneys?
It can make your kidneys work harder. In children, single amino acid supplements may cause growth problems. You should not take high doses of single amino acids for long periods of time. Very high doses of leucine may cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Is L-Leucine good for hair growth?
This essential amino acid is used by the body for renewal and repair. It's often used as a fitness supplement by athletes and bodybuilders - and it can give hair a boost, too. Leucine is a branched chain amino acid (BCAA) which is found naturally in hair, fur and feathers.
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