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Sinapic acid (4-hydroxy-35-dimethoxycinnamic acid), molecular formula C11H12O5, CAS 530-59-6, yellow brown powder, irritant, usually harmless to water. Store separately from acidic and edible chemicals. Mustard acid is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and exists in spices, fruits, vegetables, grains, and oil crops. Among them, the mustard acid content in rapeseed powder is as high as 12.81 milligrams per gram. It can serve as a natural antioxidant, preservative, coloring agent, and auxiliary ingredient to enhance the quality and stability of food; At the same time, it can also improve the taste and texture of food, enhance flavor and nutritional value. Bloomtechz is very concerned about food safety and health issues. With the continuous increase in this attention and the continuous innovation and improvement of technology, the application of food additives will become more widespread and in-depth.

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Chemical Formula |
C11H12O5 |
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Exact Mass |
224.07 |
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Molecular Weight |
224.21 |
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m/z |
224.07 (100.0%), 225.07 (11.9%), 226.07 (1.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 58.93; H, 5.39; O, 35.68 |

Sinapic acid has important application value in biology, agriculture, and food industry, especially in the field of food additives, where it is widely and diversely used. It is a biologically active phenolic acid substance that can provide phenoxyhydrogen atoms and neutralize harmful oxygen free radicals in the human body. It is widely present in various fruits, vegetables, grains, oil crops, some spices, and medicinal plants. Mustard acid and its derivatives, such as Canolol (4-Vinylsyringol), Sinapine, and Syringaldehyde, have various physiological activities, including anti mutagenicity, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Application in food additives
Antioxidants
It is an effective antioxidant substance that can help the body eliminate free radicals and slow down the rate of cellular oxidative damage. Research has shown that it has antioxidant properties, can enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, and alleviate cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In addition, it can also promote the activity of antioxidant enzymes, further enhancing the cell's resistance to oxidative stress.
In food additives, they can be used as natural antioxidants to extend the shelf life of food and prevent food from spoiling due to oxidation.
For example, in oily foods, mustard acid can effectively prevent the oxidation and rancidity of oils, maintaining their freshness and stability. At the same time, it can also work synergistically with other antioxidants to enhance antioxidant effects.
Antibacterial agents
In the process of food processing, it can be used as a natural preservative, effectively inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and extending the shelf life of food. Especially in some foods that require long-term preservation, such as canned goods, sauces, etc., their antibacterial effect is particularly significant. In addition, it can also work synergistically with other preservatives to improve the anti-corrosion effect and reduce the use of chemical preservatives.
Natural colorants and adjuvants
It can also be used as an auxiliary agent for natural coloring agents. Anthocyanins are an important natural coloring agent with a wide range of sources and high biological activity. However, anthocyanins have poor stability and are easily degraded by various factors. It can interact with anthocyanins to form a stable complex, thereby improving the stability and color retention of anthocyanins.
In the food industry, it can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the stability and coloring effect of anthocyanins. For example, in foods such as fruit juice and beverages, adding anthocyanins can significantly improve the color stability and content retention rate of anthocyanins, keeping the food in a bright color and attractive appearance.
Lipid lowering effect
Rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and oleic acid, these fatty acids play a very important role in human health. Linoleic acid and oleic acid can lower the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, prevent cholesterol deposition in the body, and thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
In food additives, they can be used as functional ingredients to help reduce cholesterol levels in food. Especially in some high-fat foods, such as pastries, fried foods, etc., adding mustard acid can effectively reduce the cholesterol content in the food and improve its health value.

Improve the texture of food
It can also improve the texture and taste of food. In some foods that require improved taste, such as bread, cookies, etc., adding mustard can make the food softer and crisper. It can interact with starch and protein in food to form a stable structure, thereby improving the texture and taste of food.
In addition, it can also be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer. In some foods that require emulsification, such as cream, ice cream, etc., it can help form a stable emulsion of fat and water, improving the stability and taste of the food. At the same time, it can also prevent the occurrence of layering, precipitation, and other phenomena during the processing and storage of food, maintaining the uniformity and stability of the food.
Specific application cases in food additives
Application in fruit juice beverages
Sinapic acid can be used as a natural antioxidant and preservative in fruit juice drinks. Juice drinks contain abundant nutrients such as vitamin C and anthocyanins, but these components are easily degraded by factors such as oxygen and light. Adding mustard acid can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity and stability of fruit juice beverages, and extend their shelf life. At the same time, sinapine can also prevent discoloration, precipitation, and other phenomena during the processing and storage of fruit juice beverages, maintaining the clarity and transparency of fruit juice beverages.
Application in baked goods
In baked goods, the texture and taste of the food can be improved. Baked goods need to have high softness and crispness, and sinapine can interact with starch and proteins in food to form a stable structure, thereby improving the texture and taste of baked goods. At the same time, sinapine can also be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer to prevent delamination, deformation, and other phenomena in baked goods during processing and storage.
Application in oily foods
In oily foods, it can be used as a natural antioxidant. Oil based foods are easily affected by factors such as oxygen and light, which can lead to oxidation and rancidity. Adding them can effectively prevent the oxidation and rancidity of oils and maintain their freshness and stability. At the same time, sinapine can also work synergistically with other antioxidants to enhance antioxidant effects and extend the shelf life of oily foods.
Application in Condiments
In seasonings, it can be used as a natural preservative and flavor enhancer. Condiments need to have a high flavor and taste, and having a unique aroma and taste can enhance the flavor and taste of seasonings. At the same time, it can also inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, extending the shelf life of seasonings.
Safety assessment in food additives
As a natural plant component, it has broad application prospects in food additives. However, any food additive needs to undergo safety assessment to ensure that it is harmless to human health. For it, its security assessment mainly includes the following aspects:
Acute toxicity test
Acute toxicity testing is one of the important means to evaluate the safety of food additives. By administering a large dose of sinapine to experimental animals at once, observe its toxic effects and lethal dose on the animals. The experimental results indicate that the acute toxicity is low, and there are no significant toxic reactions or lethal effects on the experimental animals.
Genetic toxicity test
Genetic toxicity testing is one of the important means to evaluate whether food additives have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. By administering sinapine to experimental animals or microorganisms, observe its effects on genetic material and mutagenic effects. The experimental results indicate that there is no significant mutagenic or carcinogenic effect.

Subchronic toxicity test
Subchronic toxicity testing is one of the important means to evaluate the effects of food additives on human health under long-term low-dose exposure. By administering the substance to experimental animals for a long period of time, observe its effects on their growth and development, reproductive function, immune function, and other aspects. The experimental results indicate that mustard acid has no significant toxic effects on experimental animals under long-term low-dose exposure.

In recent years, studies have found that sinapine can improve cognitive impairment induced by A β 42 or potassium cyanide in mice, inhibit cognitive impairment induced by CO2 or choline in rats, and alleviate hippocampal neuron damage caused by A β 42 or kainic acid. The intracellular A β content increases with the age of AD patients, and its accumulation in the body can lead to neuronal synaptic damage in AD patients. Therefore, accelerating the degradation of A β and reducing its deposition has become one of the main methods for preventing and treating AD.
Mustard acid can significantly increase the survival rate of PC12 cells induced by A β 42 and improve cell morphology; After intervention with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor U0126, the survival rate of PC12 cells decreased, cell morphology changed, cell debris increased, and synaptic connections decreased. The ELISA method was used to detect the content of A β 42 in PC12 cells, and it was found that sinapine significantly reduced the content of A β 42 in PC12 cells; After intervention with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor U0126, the content of A β 42 in PC12 cells increased. This indicates that sinapine can reduce the content of A β 42 in PC12 cells, but this reducing effect is inhibited when the PI3K and ERK signaling pathways are blocked.
The improvement effect of sinapine on PC12 cell damage is related to the promotion of CREB mRNA transcription. Further research found that after treatment with sinapine, the expression levels of cAMP, PKA, and p-CREB proteins in PC12 cells were significantly increased; However, after intervention with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK inhibitor U0126, the expression levels of the aforementioned proteins in cells were significantly reduced. This indicates that the improvement effect of sinapine on PC12 cell damage is related to the increased expression levels of cAMP and PKA proteins, as well as the promotion of CREB protein phosphorylation.
It is a remarkable phytochemical with diverse biological activities and wide-ranging applications. From its role in plant defense to its potential as a therapeutic agent, this compound exemplifies the power of natural products in promoting health and combating disease. While preclinical evidence is promising, further clinical trials are essential to establish its efficacy and safety in humans. As research advances, sinapic acid may emerge as a key component of multifunctional strategies for preventing and treating chronic conditions, underscoring the importance of exploring nature's chemical diversity for human benefit.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can Sinapic Acid be found in nature?
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It widely exists in various edible plants, including common spices, citrus fruits, berries, vegetables, cereals and oilseed crops, and can also be isolated from the rhizome of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack.
What are the main derivatives of Sinapic Acid?
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Its common derivatives include sinapoyl esters, sinapine (sinapoylcholine), sinapoyl malate, 4-vinylsyringol (also called canolol, a decarboxylated product of sinapic acid) and syringaldehyde.
What are the key biological activities of Sinapic Acid?
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It acts as an HDAC inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 2.27 mM, and also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective pharmacological effects.
Does Sinapic Acid have anti-cancer properties?
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Yes. Studies have confirmed that sinapic acid can effectively induce apoptosis of tumor cells, and it shows significant cytotoxicity against human A549 lung cancer cells with an IC₅₀ of 4.6 mM after 48 hours of treatment.
What safety precautions should be taken when handling Sinapic Acid?
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It is an irritant to skin, mucous membranes and eyes. In case of contact, rinse the affected area with plenty of water immediately, and seek medical advice if irritation persists. It should be stored in a well-ventilated place with the container tightly sealed.
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