Hydroxyecdysone, also known as molting hormone, is an active substance extracted from the roots of plants such as Cyanotis arachnoidea C. B. Clarke in the family Commelinaceae. Its chemical formula is C27H44O7, molecular weight is 480.63406, and CAS accession number is 5289-74-7. It can appear as white, off white, light yellow, or light brown crystalline powder. This color difference is mainly due to differences in impurity content and production processes.
The high-purity substance, such as ecdysterone used in cosmetics, is usually a pure white crystalline powder or colorless transparent crystal with good appearance characteristics. Low solubility in water, manifested as slight solubility. However, its solubility varies in different solvents. Specifically, it is soluble in ethanol, indicating its good hydrophilicity towards alcohols; Slightly soluble in acetone, but slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hot water; It is almost insoluble in ether, indicating its poor lipophilicity.
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Chemical Formula |
C27H44O7 |
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Exact Mass |
480 |
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Molecular Weight |
481 |
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m/z |
480 (100.0%), 481 (29.2%), 482 (4.1%), 482 (1.4%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 67.47; H, 9.23; O, 23.30 |
This solubility characteristic requires the selection of a suitable solvent system during its preparation and application process. Show some specific reaction characteristics in chemical experiments. For example, when dissolved in sulfuric acid, it will appear reddish brown; After dissolving in ethanol and adding 1-2 drops of ferric chloride test solution, a dark green color will appear. These reactions can be used for identification and purity testing of the substance.
Hydroxyecdysone, as a naturally occurring steroid, belongs to plant sterols and is widely present in various plants and animals, especially in herbaceous plants such as water plants with high levels. Its unique chemical structure endows ecdysteroids with various biological activities and a wide range of applications.
Medical field
In the field of medicine, it is widely used for the treatment of various diseases and healthcare due to its diverse biological activities.
Promote protein synthesis and eliminate cholesterol:
It can significantly promote the synthesis of human proteins, especially collagen, which is crucial for maintaining the health of tissues such as skin, bones, and muscles. At the same time, it can also help eliminate cholesterol in the body, lower blood lipid levels, and help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Anti arrhythmia and anti fatigue:
It has a certain anti arrhythmia effect, can stabilize heart function, and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia. In addition, it can enhance the body's anti fatigue ability, improve endurance and recovery speed.
Anti inflammatory and analgesic:
It has anti-inflammatory effects, can alleviate inflammatory reactions, and relieve symptoms such as pain and swelling. This makes it potentially valuable in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and gout.
Anti cancer effect:
It also exhibits certain anti-cancer activity and can inhibit the growth and spread of tumor cells. Although research in this area is still ongoing, its potential in cancer prevention and treatment has been preliminarily demonstrated.
Health products field
In sports health products, they have attracted much attention due to their ability to promote muscle growth and recovery.
Promoting muscle growth:
It can significantly increase the efficiency of amino acid assembly into protein chains, thereby stimulating the translation and migration processes of muscle cell protein growth. This enables athletes to recover their physical strength faster after training, enhancing muscle strength and endurance.
Improving physical fitness:
In addition to promoting muscle growth, it can also improve liver function and energy metabolism processes, enabling the body to quickly adapt to environmental and stress changes. This helps to improve the overall physical fitness and competitive state of athletes.
Exfoliation and Whitening:
It can promote the metabolism and shedding of the stratum corneum, remove the aging stratum corneum, and make the skin smoother and more delicate. At the same time, it can also inhibit the formation and deposition of melanin, and has the effect of whitening the skin.
Enhance skin barrier:
It can enhance the activity and metabolic capacity of skin cells, promote the repair and reconstruction of the skin barrier. This helps to improve the skin's resistance and immunity, and reduce the damage of the external environment to the skin.
Anti aging:
Due to its ability to promote the synthesis of collagen and the regeneration and repair of skin cells, it also has significant effects in anti-aging. Using cosmetics containing ecdysteroids can delay the aging process of the skin and maintain its youthful appearance.
Cosmetics field
In the field of cosmetics, it is favored for its excellent skin care effect.
Exfoliation and Whitening
It can promote the metabolism and shedding of the stratum corneum, remove the aging stratum corneum, and make the skin smoother and more delicate.
At the same time, it can also inhibit the formation and deposition of melanin, and has the effect of whitening the skin.
Enhance skin barrier
It can enhance the activity and metabolic capacity of skin cells, promote the repair and reconstruction of the skin barrier.
This helps to improve the skin's resistance and immunity, and reduce the damage of the external environment to the skin.
Anti aging
Due to its ability to promote the synthesis of collagen and the regeneration and repair of skin cells, it also has significant effects in anti-aging.
Using cosmetics containing ecdysteroids can delay the aging process of the skin and maintain its youthful appearance.
Breeding field
In the field of aquaculture, it is widely used in sericulture and aquaculture.
Sericulture:
It can shorten the age of silkworms, make them cluster neatly, and promote the production of silk and cocoons. This can not only increase the yield and quality of silk, but also reduce breeding costs and time costs.
Aquaculture:
Nutrients are essential substances for the growth, development, molting, and metamorphosis of aquatic crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs. Adding an appropriate amount of this substance during the breeding process can promote the consistency of shrimp and crab molting and growth and development, effectively avoiding the occurrence of inter individual killing, and improving the survival rate and product specifications of aquaculture.
field of agriculture
In the field of agriculture, it is used as a plant growth regulator and pesticide additive.
Promoting plant growth:
It can affect the growth and development process of plants, promote crop growth, and increase yield. At the same time, it can also improve the quality of crops and enhance their stress resistance, such as drought resistance, resistance to pests and diseases.
Pesticide adjuvants:
Can affect the growth and development process of insects to control or kill agricultural pests. Therefore, it has been developed as a third-generation pesticide for application and research. In addition, it can also be used as a high-yield additive for crops to promote growth and increase yield during the growth process.
In addition to serving as a plant growth regulator in agriculture, it also has significant insecticidal effects. During the growth and development of insects, molting hormones play a crucial role. By regulating the levels and mechanisms of molting hormones, the molting and metamorphosis processes of insects can be influenced, thereby achieving the goal of controlling pests. High doses of ecdysteroids can disrupt the normal metabolic processes in insects, causing them to molt or metamorphose prematurely into tiny adults or malformed individuals, and even directly leading to their death.
It has also shown certain potential in the field of ecological and environmental protection. Firstly, as a naturally occurring substance, it causes minimal environmental pollution and aligns with the principles of modern ecological agriculture and sustainable development. Secondly, it plays a positive role in promoting the growth and photosynthesis of aquatic plants, helping to improve water quality and maintain the balance of aquatic ecosystems. By promoting the decomposition of organic matter and the circulation of nutrients, the self purification ability of water bodies can be improved, and the occurrence of eutrophication and pollution in water bodies can be reduced.
Corticosteroids act on the human body to promote collagen synthesis, resist arrhythmia, and alleviate fatigue; Promote cell growth, stimulate dermal cell division, and eliminate cholesterol in the body; Reduce blood lipids and inhibit the rise of blood sugar;
Physiological activities such as meridian activation, dehumidification and analgesia. It is a natural anti-cancer agent. Since its introduction in 1976, dewgrass molting hormone has been developed into irregular tablets, injections, and pastes.
It is used in the folk for rheumatoid arthritis.
It has good curative effect in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis patients with different symptoms. Its effective ingredient 20 hydroxyecdysterone has been proved by clinical research to have a direct Hydroxyecdysone effect. The total effective rate for type II diabetes is 84%, especially for diabetes patients with "more than three and less" symptoms.In terms of sports health products, ecdysteroids have a significant ability to stimulate protein synthesis in muscle cytoplasm by increasing the assembly of amino acids into protein chains, and this ability can be traced back to the translation.
Corticosteroids are not only beneficial for health but also safe. They help stabilize cells damaged by cortisol, normalize energy synthesis steps (ATP and creatine), and improve liver function, enabling organisms to quickly adapt to environmental and stress changes. Its safety has been shown through over 50 studies to have no side effects, no interaction with hormones, and extremely low toxicity levels.
When tested by ICN Biochemical Laboratory in 1998, data showed that in order for ecdysteroids to exhibit toxicity, an ultra-high dose of 6400mg/kg was necessary. Moreover, in endocrine tests that include testing for testosterone, cortisol, insulin, corticotropin, growth hormone, and luteinizing hormone, there have been no reports of any effects of ecdysteroids on the mammalian hormonal system.
The discovery of Hydroxyecdysone can be traced back to the 1930s. In 1934, British biologist Vincent Wigglesworth first observed that insect molting was related to an unknown hormone. In the following decades, scientists gradually revealed the existence and characteristics of this hormone through a series of experiments. In 1954, German scientist Peter Karlson successfully isolated an active substance from silkworm pupae that could induce insect molting, and named it "molting hormone".
This discovery marks an important milestone in the study of insect endocrinology. In 1965, Karlson collaborated with Butenandt to isolate 25 milligrams of pure molting hormone from 500 kilograms of silkworm pupae for the first time, and preliminarily determined its chemical structure. In 1966, Japanese scientists Hoffmann and Koolman independently isolated another substance with molting activity from silkworm pupae, namely hydroxyecdysteroid.
Hydroxyecdysone is a remarkable compound with far-reaching implications across biology, medicine, and industry. From regulating insect development to potentially treating human diseases, its versatility underscores the value of studying natural products. While challenges related to bioavailability, regulatory clarity, and long-term safety persist, ongoing research promises to unlock new applications. By bridging the gap between entomology and human health, it exemplifies the power of interdisciplinary science to address global challenges.
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