1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol CAS 96-23-1

Synthesis route: Using this substance as raw matrial, semi formaldehyde is generated through polyformaldehyde reaction, and then esterified with acetic anhydride to obtain 1,3-dichloro-2-acetoxymethoxypropane. The intermediate was condensed with diacetylguanine under the catalysis of tetraalkylammonium bromide to form triacetyl ganciclovir, which was finally hydrolyzed to obtain ganciclovir with a purity of 99.6%.

Process optimization: Using benzoyl modified side chain substituents, the proportion of N-9 isomer formation is increased through steric hindrance effect, and the overall yield is increased to 64.8%. In the key reaction steps, the condensation reaction temprature is controlled at 120-150 ℃, the time is 26 hours, and the matrial molar ratio is 1:1.1-1.6.

Clinical value: Ganciclovir, as an anti herpesvirus drug, has significant therapeutic effects on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, especially for immunocompromised patients. The economic viability of its synthetic route directly affects drug accessibility.

Quinolone drugs: The chlorine atom of this product serves as a strong electron withdrawing group, which can activate the ortho position of the benzene ring and facilitate the introduction of active functional groups such as fluorine and piperazine. For example, in the synthesis of ciprofloxacin, the chloropropanol fragment enhances the affinity of the drug to DNA gyrase.

Antiparasitic agent: As an intermediate of chloramphenicol, the chlorine atom in its molecule enhances drug lipophilicity, promotes intestinal absorption, and is effective against schistosomiasis and tapeworm infections.

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Preparation of Epichlorohydrin:
Traditional process: High temprature chlorination of propylene produces 1,2-dichloropropanol (main product) and a small amount of 1,3-dichloropropanol, which is dehydrogenated in NaOH solution to produce epichlorohydrin (ECH). The dechlorination reaction rate of 1,3-dichloropropanol is 20 times faster than that of 1,2-dichloropropanol, but side reactions need to be controlled.

Green process: Solid alkali catalysts (such as supported MgO/NaZSM-5) are used to catalyze the removal of hydrogen chloride under gas-phase conditions, with conversion rates and selectivity reaching 100% and 96%, respectively. The reaction temprature is 360 ℃, significantly reducing wastewater discharge.
Application extension: ECH further polymerizates with bisphenol A to produce epoxy resin for high-performance coatings and electronic packaging matrials, with an annual demand of over 3 million tons.

Synthesis of chelating resin: 1,3-dichloropropanol copolymerizes with styrene and divinylbenzene to form a cross-linked network containing chloromethyl groups. By introducing amino groups through amination reaction, chelating resins with high selectivity for heavy metals such as Cu ² ⁺ and Pb ² ⁺ are prepared for industrial wastewater treatment.

Performance advantage: The strong polarity of chlorine atoms enhances the coordination ability between the resin and metal ions, resulting in a 30% increase in processing efficiency compared to traditional resins.

PVC modification: Add 10% tris (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) to make PVC products self extinguish upon ignition, and increase the limit oxygen index (LOI) from 27% to 32%. The chlorine content of TDCPP (63.7%) provides efficient flame retardancy while improving light resistance and anti-static properties.

Thermoplastic elastomer: Introducing chloropropanol units into SBS polymerizates to increase the flame retardant rating to V-0 level (UL-94 standard) without affecting the matrial's elastic modulus.

Film forming agent: Add 5-10% of 1,3-dichloropropanol derivatives to latex paint to reduce the minimum film-forming temprature (MFFT) to below 5 ℃ and improve low-tempeature construction performance. Its hydroxyl group forms hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl group in the resin, enhancing adhesion.

Electronic grade photoresist: synthesized by Williamson reaction with halogenated ether solvents (such as 1,3-dichloropropyl phenyl ether), used in photoresist systems to improve photosensitive resolution to the 0.1 μ m level.

TDCPP synthesis: This substance reacts with phosphorus oxychloride to form tris (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate. The compound contains three chloropropyl groups, and its flame retardant efficiency is 40% higher than that of triphenyl phosphate. The addition of 15% can make polyurethane foam reach B1 level flame retardant.
Environmentally friendly alternatives: Although TDCPP has persistent organic pollutant (POP) characteristics, its short chain chlorinated structure is more easily degraded compared to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), making it a transitional flame retardant solution.

Ether flavor: it is etherified with allyl alcohol to produce 3-chloro-1-propenyl ether with flower and fruit aroma, which is used for the preparation of daily chemical essence.
Photoresist solvent: Synthesize 1,3-dichloropropyl methyl ether as a diluent for electron beam photoresist to improve photosensitivity.

Precipitation method: The precipitant prepared by compounding 1,3-dichloropropanol with FeCl ∝ has a treatment efficiency of 99.5% for wastewater containing Cr ⁶⁺ and a wide pH range (4-10). The mechanism is that chloropropanol forms soluble complexes with metal ions, which are hydrolyzed to form insoluble hydroxide precipitates.
Cost advantage: Compared to traditional sodium sulfide precipitation method, the cost of reagents is reduced by 30%, and the amount of sludge is reduced by 40%.

Synthesis route: 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol undergoes condensation with terephthalic acid to produce chlorinated polyester (PET Cl). In the hydrolysis experiment, the weight loss rate reached 65% after 30 days, and the degradation products (terephthalic acid, glycerol) were non-toxic.
Application prospects: Used for agricultural film, with a controllable degradation cycle (60-120 days), reducing white pollution.

Flame retardant electrolyte: The phosphate derivative of this substance serves as a co solvent, increasing the flash point of the electrolyte to above 130 ℃ while also possessing flame retardancy. Its chlorine atoms enhance the compatibility between the electrolyte and graphite negative electrode.

Electron acceptor unit: Oligomers with chloropropanol structure are used as acceptor mterials, blended with donor polymerizates to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic devices to 8.2%. The introduction of chlorine atoms enhances intermolecular forces and improves phase separation morphology.