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Dibutyl adipate is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H26O4 and CAS 105-99-7. Colorless transparent liquid with a special odor but relatively mild. Slightly soluble in water, can be mixed with organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and esters. The molecular structure contains functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and ester groups, which have a significant impact on its chemical properties and reactivity. It has good thermal stability and can be stored for a long time at room temperature, but decomposition reactions may occur at high temperatures. Mainly used as a plasticizer, solvent, and organic synthesis for vinyl and cellulose resins. It has lower evaporation loss and higher viscosity index, which makes it used as a base oil in certain specific types of lubricants, such as high viscosity index lubricants (HVIB), polyalkylene glycol ethers (PAG), and synthetic hydrocarbons. These types of lubricants are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and industrial fields, requiring excellent lubrication performance, high viscosity index, and good low-temperature fluidity.
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Chemical Formula |
C14H26O4 |
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Exact Mass |
258 |
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Molecular Weight |
258 |
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m/z |
258 (100.0%), 259 (15.1%), 260 (1.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.09; H, 10.14; O, 24.77 |
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Dibutyl adipate (DBA, CAS number: 105-99-7) is a colorless, transparent, fruity liquid with the molecular formula C ₁₄ H ₂₆ O ₄ and a molecular weight of 258.35. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, and has the characteristics of low viscosity, high polarity, and low cloud point.
1.Improve product texture and skin feel
As a moisturizer, it can significantly reduce the stickiness of cosmetics and provide a refreshing user experience. Its low viscosity properties make it easy to spread on the surface of the skin, forming a uniform film without blocking pores, making it suitable for use in facial and body care products. For example, adding sunscreen lotion can solve the problem of greasy and heavy traditional sunscreen and improve the comfort of the product.
2. Enhance skin moisturizing and barrier function
As a skin conditioner, it can reduce water loss and enhance the skin's barrier function by forming a protective film. Its polarity allows it to interact with lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, promoting the penetration of active ingredients while maintaining the hydration state of the skin.
This feature is particularly important in dry skin care products, such as face cream, hand cream, etc.
3. Dissolving and dispersing sunscreen agents
It is a high-quality solvent for chemical sunscreens (such as Eucalyptol and Avobenzone) and physical sunscreens (such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide). Its high polarity can effectively dissolve oil soluble chemical sunscreens, while also having good dispersibility to physical sunscreens, preventing particle aggregation and ensuring the uniformity and stability of the sunscreen formula. For example, in SPF50+sunscreen, the addition amount is usually 5% -10%, which can significantly improve the dispersion efficiency of the sunscreen.
1. Improve the SPF value of sunscreen formula
By optimizing the dispersion state of sunscreen agents and reducing light scattering, the SPF value of sunscreen formulas can be increased. Experiments have shown that at the same concentration of sunscreen, adding DBA to the formula can increase the SPF value by 15% -20%. This characteristic makes it a core ingredient in high SPF sunscreen products.
2. Improve the skin feel and stability of sunscreen products
Traditional high SPF sunscreen products often appear greasy and heavy due to the high concentration of sunscreen agents. Its addition can significantly reduce the viscosity of the product, provide a light skin feel, and prevent the sunscreen from precipitating or settling during storage, extending the shelf life of the product.
For example, in the Clarins Multi Factor Facial Sunscreen, as the main solvent, it ensures a high SPF value and a refreshing feel for use.
3. Compatibility advantage
Compared to various sunscreens such as Tinosorb ® S. Uvinul T150 has good compatibility and can be used in combination with other solvents such as ethanol and isododecane to further optimize the stability and skin feel of the formula. This compatibility makes it a flexible choice for the formulation design of sunscreen products.
1. As a plasticizer to enhance product elasticity
In polyurethane gel skin care products, it can be used as a plasticizer to enhance the flexibility and elasticity of gel. For example, adding anti wrinkle essence or facial mask can form a soft gel film, fit the skin curve, and improve the use comfort.
2. Promote the penetration of active ingredients
Its polarity allows it to act as a penetration enhancer, helping active ingredients such as vitamin C and hyaluronic acid to be better absorbed by the skin. In essence or ampoule products, the dosage is usually 1% -3%, which can significantly improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Stable lotion system
In lotion skin care products, it can be used as an auxiliary emulsifier to stabilize oil-water two-phase and prevent stratification or demulsification. Its low viscosity can also reduce the thickness of the lotion and improve the lightness of the product.
Innovative applications in cosmetics products
1. Improve the ductility and fit of liquid foundation
Adding liquid foundation can reduce the viscosity of the product, make it easier to push it away, form a uniform film, and improve the naturalness and durability of the makeup. For example, in some makeup holding foundation make-up, the added amount is usually 3% -5%, which can significantly improve the sense of use of the product.
2. As a moisturizer for lip products
Its moisturizing properties make it an ideal ingredient for lip products (such as lipstick and lip glaze).
It can form a long-lasting moisturizing film, prevent lip moisture loss, and provide a smooth application sensation. In some moisturizing lipstick, the added amount can reach 10% -15%.
3. Optimize the leveling property of nail polish
In nail polish, dibutyl adipate can be used as leveling agent to reduce brush marks and form a smooth paint surface. It has good compatibility with film formers such as nitrocellulose, which can improve the drying speed and gloss of nail polish.
DBA was synthesized from adipic acid and n-butanol using compound inorganic salt Fe2 (SO4) 3-K2SO4 as catalyst. The results showed that the amount of fixed adipic acid was 0.05mol, the molar ratio of acid to alcohol was 1:3.5, the amount of catalyst was 1.25g, the amount of water agent was 10mL, the reaction temperature was 82 ～ 99 ℃, the reaction time was 1.5h, and the esterification rate was 94%.
The new green process of "T-400" catalytic synthesis of DBA is a new type of insoluble solid acid catalyst prepared by calcining inorganic salts at 400 ℃. The IR spectra of pyridine adsorption showed that a new Br I Nsted acid center was formed on the catalyst surface. The catalyst has the characteristics of high esterification activity, no side reaction, fast sedimentation and easy separation from the product. The new green conditions for synthesis of DBA are: 0.1mol adipic acid, 0.35mol n-butanol, 0.6g catalyst, reaction temperature 150 ℃, reaction time 100 ℃. Under these conditions, the yield can reach more than 99%.
Sodium bisulfate can be used as esterification catalyst instead of sulfuric acid. DBA is synthesized from adipic acid and n-butanol in the presence of sodium bisulfate monohydrate. When the mass ratio of adipic acid, n-butanol and sodium bisulfate was 1:6:0.14 and the reflux water was separated for 100 min, the yield of ester reached 93.8%. The reusability of the catalyst was also studied.
In addition, p-toluene sulfonic acid, amino sulfonic acid, sodium bisulfate monohydrate, strongly acidic cation exchange resin, tin chloride pentahydrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate, ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate, copper sulfate, titanium sulfate, heteropoly acid, solid super acid, zirconium ester catalyzed by the HZSM5 molecular sieve DBA method, which is a good catalyst for the synthesis of DBA and has practical application significance.
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