Diethanol Isopropanolamine (DEIPA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H19NO3 and CAS 6712-98-7. This compound appears as a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid at room temperature. This color change may be related to its purity, storage conditions, and exposure time to light. Under normal circumstances, high-quality diethylene glycol monoisopropanolamine should present a colorless and transparent appearance. It has good solubility and can be dissolved in various organic solvents, such as ethanol, acetone, etc. At the same time, it can also mix with water in any proportion to form a stable solution. The surface tension is relatively low, which makes it easier to wet and spread on solid surfaces in certain applications. Measurement of liquid flow resistance. The viscosity of diethanolamine is usually low, which makes it relatively easy to handle during flow and pumping processes. As a grinding aid, it has broad application value in multiple fields. Its excellent grinding performance and strength enhancement effect make it a preferred raw material in the cement industry, while its environmental protection and sustainability also make it have broad development prospects in the future. With the continuous research and exploration of its performance, its applications in other fields will also continue to expand and deepen.
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Chemical Formula |
C7H17NO3 |
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Exact Mass |
163 |
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Molecular Weight |
163 |
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m/z |
163 (100.0%), 164 (7.6%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 51.51; H, 10.50; N, 8.58; O, 29.41 |
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Melting point 31.5-36 ° C (lit.), Boiling point 145 ° c0.6 mm Hg (lit.), Density 1.079 g/ml at 25 ° C (lit.), Refractive index 1.473-1.477. Flash point >230 ° f, Acidity coefficient (PKA) 14.42 ± 0.10 (predicted), InChIKeyZFECCYLNALETDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Hazard symbol (GHS), GHS07, Warning, Hazard description h315-h319, Precautions p264-p280-p302+p352+p332+p313+p362+p364-p305+p351+p338+p337+p313, Safety instructions 24/25, WGK Germany 3.
There are three main routes for the synthesis of Diethanol Isopropanolamine (DEIPA): first, ammonia reacts with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) respectively; Second, it is formed by reaction of the MIPA and EO; Third, it is synthesized from diethanolamine (DEA) and po.
This route is a three-stage series reaction. Ammonia reacts with EO to produce monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The reactant is then synthesized with Po, and the target product is obtained after purification. Alternatively, ammonia reacts with PO to produce monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine, and the reactant is synthesized with EO to obtain the target product after purification. The production of deipa by this method requires two times of feeding and purification, and the equipment investment is large. By the end of 2016, there is no relevant device for this process in the world.
This route is generated by two-step reaction between MIPA and EO. In the first step, MIPA reacts with EO to produce n- (2-hydroxyethyl) isopropanolamine. In the second step, n- (2-hydroxyethyl) isopropanolamine reacts with EO to produce deipa. This reaction process is a series of reactions, but the raw material MIPA is produced by only a few enterprises in the world and is mainly used in fine chemicals industries such as medicine, pesticides, textiles, cosmetics, etc. Due to certain problems and risks in the cost and supply of MIPA raw materials, only one company in China has MIPA production plant, which has the advantage of self-produced raw materials. The 50000 ton modified isopropanolamine plant project has also been mentioned in relevant reports.
In this route, DEA reacts with PO to produce the target substance deipa. The advantages of this route are fast reaction rate, high selectivity, sufficient and stable supply of raw materials. At present, all deipa production in China adopts this route, but there are differences in production equipment, reaction kettle or pipeline reaction, product isomers and quality stability.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine (DEIPA) is a compound with extensive application value in multiple fields, especially as a grinding aid, with excellent performance and wide applications.
The application in the cement industry is the most extensive. As an efficient cement grinding aid, it can significantly improve the grinding efficiency and quality of cement. Specifically, during the cement grinding process, it is possible to effectively reduce particle size, increase the specific surface area of cement, and thus improve the fluidity and dispersibility of cement. This not only helps to improve the production efficiency of cement, but also significantly reduces energy consumption.
In addition, it can significantly enhance the strength of cement, including early strength and late strength. By combining with other alcohol amine substances such as triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine, it can provide strength enhancement of 3-5 MPa in the early stage of cement hardening, and 4-8 MPa in the late stage. This characteristic makes it a preferred raw material in the field of cement grinding aids.
2. Chemical raw materials
In addition to being used as a cement grinding aid, it can also be used as a chemical raw material for synthesizing other chemicals with specific functions. For example, it can react with fatty acid anhydrides to prepare emulsifiers, react with isocyanates to obtain polyurethane materials, and react with alcohols to produce ester products. These products have a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, including synthetic resins, coatings, lubricants, etc.
3. Environmental Protection and Sustainability
It is worth mentioning that it is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly compound. Its skin irritation is lower than that of triethanolamine, which means that it has a relatively small impact on the health of workers during use.
In addition, due to its excellent grinding performance and strength enhancement effect, it can also help reduce energy consumption and waste emissions in the cement production process, thereby helping to achieve green and sustainable production.
4. Replace traditional grinding aids
In the field of cement grinding aids, it can also be used as a substitute for traditional grinding aids such as triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine. Due to its excellent grinding effect and higher environmental friendliness, it is gradually occupying a dominant position in the market. This not only helps to improve the quality of cement products, but also reduces production costs and reduces the impact on the environment.
5. Applications in building materials and other fields
In addition to the cement industry, it can also be applied as a grinding aid in other building materials fields, such as ceramics, glass, etc. In these fields, it can also play a role in improving grinding efficiency and improving product quality. In addition, with the continuous research and exploration of its performance, its applications in other fields such as coatings, inks, textiles, etc. are also expanding.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine (DEIPA), abbreviated as DEIPA, is an organic compound with both alcohol and amine functional groups. Its chemical formula is C ₇ H ₁ N O3, and it is a colorless to light yellow transparent viscous liquid at room temperature. It has a pungent ammonia odor and is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The hydroxyl (- OH) and amino (- NH) groups in its molecular structure endow it with unique chemical properties, making it widely applicable in the industrial field. The following systematically outlines the uses of DEIPA from three dimensions: core application areas, technical characteristics, and industry impact.
1. Improve grinding efficiency
DEIPA, as a third-generation alcohol amine cement grinding aid, reduces the surface energy of cement particles by adsorbing onto them, minimizing agglomeration between particles and significantly increasing the output of the grinding machine. Experimental data shows that after adding 0.04% DEIPA, the specific surface area of cement can be increased by 15% -20%, and the mill output can be increased by 8% -12%. Its grinding effect is superior to traditional triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), especially when grinding high hardness materials such as slag and fly ash.
2. Intensity development optimization
The effect of DEIPA on cement strength exhibits a "bimodal" characteristic: the early strength (3d, 7d) can increase by 15% -25%, and the later strength (28d, 90d) can increase more significantly, reaching up to 43.8%.
This characteristic originates from the steric hindrance effect of isopropyl groups in its molecular structure, which can promote the hydration of C3S and delay the rapid hydration of C3AF, resulting in a more balanced development of strength. For example, at a dosage of 0.04%, the 90 day strength increased by 34.3% compared to the baseline group, far exceeding TEA's 18% -22%.
3. Activation of mixed material activity
The activity activation effect of DEIPA on industrial waste such as fly ash and slag is outstanding. The hydroxyl groups in its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with the Si-O-Si bonds on the surface of the mixed material, disrupting the glass structure and releasing more active SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O3.
Experiments have shown that after adding DEIPA, the 28 day activity index of slag cement increases from 85% to 92%, and the 90 day strength of fly ash cement increases by 28%.
4. Energy saving and consumption reducing effects
DEIPA can reduce cement clinker consumption by 5% -8% and decrease coal power consumption. Taking a cement plant with an annual output of 1 million tons as an example, using DEIPA can save about 12000 tons of standard coal and reduce CO ₂ emissions by 31000 tons annually. Its economy is reflected in the fact that the cost of each ton of cement grinding aid increases by about 8 yuan, but it can save 15-20 yuan in clinker costs, with significant comprehensive benefits.
Surfactant field: multifunctional additives
1. Emulsification and dispersion
The polar head (hydroxyl+amino) and non-polar tail (isopropyl) of DEIPA form an amphiphilic structure, making it an excellent emulsifier. In the paint and ink industry, DEIPA can stabilize the oil-water interface, prevent pigment settling, and improve coating uniformity. For example, adding 2% DEIPA to epoxy resin coatings can reduce the dispersed particle size of pigments from 15 μ m to 5 μ m and increase glossiness by 30%.
2. Anti static and compliant treatment
DEIPA derivatives, such as diester quaternary ammonium salts, are used in the textile industry as antistatic agents and softeners. Its biodegradability is superior to traditional DTAC (dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride), and its softening effect is more durable.
Experiments have shown that cotton fabrics treated with DEIPA based fabric softeners have an electrostatic half-life reduced from 120 seconds to 8 seconds, and a fracture strength retention rate of 95%.
3. Moisturizing and refining functions
In the fiber industry, DEIPA, as a refining agent, can remove natural impurities from cotton fibers while maintaining fiber strength. Its wettability is better than ethanolamine, which can increase the penetration rate of refined liquid by 40% and reduce the amount of chemicals used. In polyester fabric dyeing, DEIPA as a leveling agent can reduce the color difference value (Δ E) from 3.5 to 1.2 and improve the dyeing qualification rate.
Gas Purification: Acidic Gas Absorbent
1. Hydrogen sulfide removal
DEIPA reacts with H ₂ S to generate cyclic thiol salts, with a removal efficiency of over 99%. In natural gas purification, DEIPA solution (mass fraction 15%) can reduce the concentration of H ₂ S from 5000ppm to below 20ppm at 40 ℃, and the regeneration energy consumption is 25% lower than MDEA (N-methyldiethanolamine).
2. Carbon dioxide capture
DEIPA reacts with CO ₂ to form amino esters, with an absorption capacity of 0.8 mol CO ₂/mol DEIPA.
In the flue gas treatment of coal-fired power plants, the DEIPA-MEA mixed solution (mass ratio 3:1) can increase the CO ₂ absorption rate by 30%, reduce the regeneration temperature from 120 ℃ to 100 ℃, and lower energy consumption.
3. Technological advantages
Compared with traditional amine desulfurization, DEIPA has low corrosiveness (corrosion rate<0.1mm/a for carbon steel) and low volatility (vapor pressure) 0.001mmHg@25 The advantages of high temperature (℃) and low desorption enthalpy (desorption enthalpy 15% lower than MEA) can significantly extend the service life of equipment and reduce operating costs.
Daily chemical and industrial additives: diversified applications
1. Detergents and cosmetics
DEIPA acts as a chelating agent for calcium and magnesium ions in detergents, increasing the cleaning power by 20% under hard water conditions. In skincare products, its low irritancy (skin irritation index 1.2, lower than TEA's 2.5) and moisturizing properties (water retention rate 15% higher than glycerol) make it an ideal ingredient. For example, after adding 3% DEIPA to a brand of face cream, user satisfaction with moisturizing increased from 78% to 91%.
2. Lubrication and cutting oil
DEIPA, as an extreme pressure additive, can form a chemical adsorption film on metal processing surfaces with a carrying capacity of up to 600N (four ball method). Adding 5% DEIPA to cutting oil can extend tool life by 40% and reduce surface roughness from Ra1.6 μ m to Ra0.8 μ m.
3. Plasticization and emulsification functions
Diethanol Isopropanolamine (DEIPA) based plasticizers (such as DEIPA phthalates) can increase the flexibility of PVC plastics by 30% and have better migration resistance than DOP (dioctyl phthalate). In emulsified asphalt, DEIPA can reduce viscosity by 25% and improve construction and workability.
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