Lithium Amide is a chemical substance with the chemical formula LiNH2 and CAS 7782-89-0. It is a white, glossy crystalline powder with an ammonia odor, insoluble in kerosene, soluble in liquid ammonia, soluble in cold water, and strongly hydrolyzed when exposed to hot water. Melting point of 380-400 ℃, boiling point of 430 ℃, relative density of 1.17817.5. Dissolve in cold water, decompose into lithium hydroxide and ammonia in hot water, dissolve in hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride and ammonium chloride, slightly soluble in liquid ammonia and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene. Slowly decompose in the air, but do not burn. When heated to 450 ℃ in vacuum, it decomposes into LiNH3 and NH3. It is a strong base that easily reacts with sulfur and selenium. Easy to oxidize, can be oxidized by nitrogen dioxide to lithium azide. Reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate free ammonia. Has a slight corrosive effect on glass. Mainly used in organic synthesis and drug manufacturing, it is a good hydrogen storage material along with lithium hydride and lithium imine.
|
|
|
|
Chemical Formula |
H2LiN |
|
Exact Mass |
23 |
|
Molecular Weight |
23 |
|
m/z |
23 (100.0%), 22 (8.2%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
H, 8.78; Li, 30.22; N, 61.00 |
Lithium Amide can be used for alkylation of nitriles and ketones, synthesis of acetylene based compounds, etc. The application examples are as follows:
1. Synthesis of chiral sulfonamide.
Chiral alkyl (aryl) sulfonylamides have important application significance in fine organic synthesis and chiral drug synthesis. By using it as a chiral cofactor, many chiral amine compounds and chiral drugs that are difficult to synthesize by conventional routes can be asymmetrically synthesized. The technical solution is: a method for synthesizing chiral sulfonamide, using chiral thio sulfonamide as raw material, and reducing it with amino lithium liquid ammonia to obtain chiral sulfonamide. The reaction formula is:
Among them, R is one of the following: C1 to C10 alkyl, phenyl, para toluene, ortho methylphenyl, meta methylphenyl, para ethylphenyl, para tert butylphenyl, para acetyl phenyl, ortho acetyl phenyl, naphthyl. The steps are as follows:
Step 1:
Prepare LiNH2 using lithium metal and liquid ammonia;
Step 2:
Add LiNH2 dropwise to the chiral thiosulfinate solution, stir the reaction after the dropwise addition is complete, and continue for 2-20 hours at a reaction temperature of -80 ℃ -80 ℃;
Step 3:
After the reaction is complete, add ice cubes to the system and extract with dichloromethane. Combine the organic phases and remove the solvent to obtain a reddish brown solid. Recrystallize from n-hexane to obtain a high ee value chiral sulfonamide.
2. Active lithium storage for lithium-ion batteries.
It is used to reduce irreversible initial losses and serves as a universal lithium source for electrode materials and lithium batteries, or as a universal lithium source for it, where a powdered lithium supply material with an electrochemical potential relative to Li/Li+of 0.5-2V is used as an active lithium storage, selected from lithium hydride, amino lithium, imino lithium, and tetralithium ammonium hydride. These compounds decompose and release lithium and gaseous byproducts when they exceed the standard oxidation potential in their electrochemical cell upon application of the corresponding potential.
Lithium Amide (LiNH2), as an important chemical substance, has a wide range of applications in multiple fields.
Organic synthesis
LiNH2 plays a crucial role in the field of organic synthesis. It is not only a catalyst and reagent for various organic reactions, but also promotes the synthesis of complex organic compounds.
1. Catalysts And Reagents
The company conducted a competitive advantage analysis to identify its strengths and weaknesses compared to its rivals.
(1) Condensation promoter:
LiNH2 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in aldol condensation reactions and other condensation reactions, promoting effective binding between reactants.
(2) Reducing agent:
In organic synthesis, LiNH2 is commonly used as a reducing agent to participate in various redox reactions and assist in the synthesis of target compounds.
(3) Dehydrating agent and desiccant:
In situations where water needs to be removed from the reaction system, LiNH2 can act as a dehydrating agent and desiccant to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
(4) Dehalogenation and Alkylation Agents:
LiNH2 is also an indispensable catalyst and reagent in the dehalogenation and alkylation reactions of halogenated hydrocarbons.
(5) Aminolysis reagent:
In the ammonolysis reaction, LiNH2 can promote the reaction between reactants and ammonia, generating corresponding ammonolysis products.
2. Polymerization Initiator
LiNH2 can also be used as an initiator for the anionic polymerization of ethylene compounds, promoting the polymerization reaction and thus synthesizing polymer compounds.
3. Specific Compound Synthesis
LiNH2 can be used to manufacture specific compounds such as azides and cyanides, further expanding its application range in organic synthesis.
Drug manufacturing
In the pharmaceutical industry, LiNH2 also plays an important role. It is an important catalyst and raw material for the synthesis of various drugs.
1. Vitamin synthesis
LiNH2 is an important catalyst for the synthesis of compounds such as vitamin A and vitamin D3. Through its catalytic effect, these essential vitamins for human health can be efficiently synthesized.
2. Drug synthesis catalyst
In the production of antioxidants 1010 and 1076, LiNH2 is also used as an efficient catalyst for the alkylation reaction of nitriles and ketones. These antioxidants play an important role in the synthesis and preservation of drugs.
Hydrogen storage material
Although LiNH2 itself irreversibly releases NH3 when heated, making it unsuitable for direct use as a hydrogen storage material, by combining with LiH or other hydrogen storage materials, it can effectively suppress ammonia release and has good reversibility. Therefore, in the field of composite hydrogen storage materials, LiNH2 has important application potential.
Laboratory use
In the laboratory, LiNH2 is also commonly used to prepare other compounds or conduct specific chemical reaction studies. Due to its unique chemical properties and wide application prospects, LiNH2 has become one of the indispensable reagents in chemical laboratories.
1) Heating lithium metal in ammonia gas can produce a larger amount of Lithium Amide. Lithium metal is placed in a slender nickel groove, which is then placed in a glass tube. The tube is tilted in an electric furnace and heated to 380-400 ℃. Ammonia gas is introduced from one end of the tube, and molten LiNH2 flows out from the other end and solidifies in the cooling section of the reaction tube. In this way, lithium metal can continuously expose its fresh surface, ensuring continuous reaction.
2) Stack two nickel crucibles on top of each other and place them in an upright glass tube. Drill three 15mm small holes at the bottom of the nickel crucible above. When heated to 400 ℃ in an ammonia stream, the molten LiNH2 can continuously drip into the crucible below and cool and solidify in the ammonia stream. LiNH2 is a colorless, transparent, and glossy crystalline substance. Relative density 1.178 (17.5 ℃). Melting point 380-400 ℃. When heated to 450 ℃ in vacuum, it can decompose and release ammonia gas, and generate lithium imine. Li2NH decomposes into LiNH2 at 750-800 ℃.
Charles Hauser first used LiNH2 as a base in the 1950s and 1960s. Amino lithium in liquid ammonia can be used to prepare TBA enol lithium, as well as in various aldol condensation reactions of ketones and aldehyde substrates. In J In Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 503-507, Hauser expanded his original work to include the reaction of enol lithium with various ketone and aldehyde substrates, including ethyl acetate. There are studies using LiNH2 as a base for the cross Claisen condensation reaction between structures covering tert butyl acetate enolate and structures covering ECHB and HN, which is part of a long list including more hindered bases. The described method is a method with a reaction time of less than 5 minutes. However, it has been found that LiNH2 alone cannot be effectively used as a base in the reactions disclosed in these existing technical literature, possibly due to its low solubility.
There are also studies using Lithium Amide in liquid ammonia for the self condensation reaction of Claisen esters. However, amino lithium in liquid ammonia is considered unsuitable for cross Claisen condensation reactions, especially for Claisen condensation reactions where one or more esters contain hydroxyl groups. Amino lithium in liquid ammonia is believed to initially deprotonate the alcohol group to form alcohol lithium. The lithium metal of this alcohol salt is in an ideal position to coordinate with adjacent ester groups, and this coordination enhances the reactivity of the ester towards nucleophilic substitution.
What are the side effects of this compound?
The side effects of this compound mainly involve potential hazards to human health and the environment. The following is a detailed analysis of its side effects:
1.Side effects on human health
Acute toxicity
Skin contact:
It has strong irritation and corrosiveness to the skin. After contact, the skin may experience symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and burns. In severe cases, it may lead to skin necrosis or permanent scarring.
Eye contact:
This substance also has a strong irritant effect on the eyes, which may cause eye pain, tearing, redness, and even corneal damage or blindness.
Acute toxicity
Inhalation:
Inhaling the vapor or dust of this substance may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it may lead to respiratory diseases such as chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema.
Ingestion:
Accidentally ingesting it may cause gastrointestinal erosion, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, it may endanger life.
Effects of long-term exposure
Long term exposure to this compound may lead to chronic poisoning and damage to multiple systems in the human body. This includes the nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. Specific symptoms may vary depending on individual differences, but typically include headaches, dizziness, memory loss, lack of concentration, difficulty breathing, indigestion, decreased fertility, etc.
2.Side effects on the environment
Air pollution
When exposed to open flames, high heat, and can cause strong chemical reactions when in contact with acids or oxidizing substances, it may release toxic gases. If these gases are emitted into the air, they will cause pollution to air quality and pose a threat to human health.
Water pollution
Reacting with water or water vapor can release toxic or flammable gases, and may also produce harmful wastewater. If these wastewater are discharged directly into water bodies without proper treatment, they will cause toxicity to aquatic organisms and damage aquatic ecosystems.
Soil pollution
The residues in the soil may have a negative impact on soil microorganisms and plants. It may inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, disrupt soil ecological balance, and may enter the human body through the food chain after being absorbed by plants, posing potential hazards to human health.
3.Safe use and protective measures
When using, safety operating procedures should be strictly followed to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment. It should be used in a well ventilated environment to avoid prolonged inhalation of steam or dust. Avoid direct contact with the skin and wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves, and face shields when using. Wash hands and face promptly after use to avoid irritation to the skin caused by residue.
It should be stored in a cool, dry, well ventilated place, away from sources of fire and heat. The storage container should be well sealed to prevent leakage and volatilization. During transportation, anti leakage measures should be taken to ensure safe transportation. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment.
Once a leak or accident occurs, emergency measures should be taken immediately, such as evacuating personnel, cutting off the fire source, and using appropriate firefighting equipment to extinguish the fire. The leaked material should be immediately adsorbed with adsorbent materials such as sand and activated carbon, and collected in a container for proper disposal. Personnel who come into contact with leaked materials should immediately remove contaminated clothing, rinse their skin with plenty of water, and seek medical attention as soon as possible. If the patient accidentally inhales steam or dust, they should be immediately moved to fresh air, keep their respiratory tract clear, and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
faq
What is lithium amide used for?
Lithium Amide is a colorless to gray crystal or powder with an Ammonia odor. It is used to make drugs, in chemical manufacturing, and as a catalyst.
Is lithium amide a strong base?
Lithium amides are very reactive compounds. Specifically, they are strong bases.
What is the solubility of lithium amide?
Lithium Amide Powder is a white powder with a melting point of 375°C and a boiling point of 430°C. It is soluble in liquid ammonia and its relative density is 1.178 (17.5°C).
Is LDA a strong or weak base?
Hot Tags: lithium amide cas 7782-89-0, suppliers, manufacturers, factory, wholesale, buy, price, bulk, for sale, 3 4 Dimethoxythiophene, Succimer powder, Uridine Powder, quinone dioxime, 6 Nitro 1 diazo 2 naphthol 4 sulfonic Acid, 1 Methylpiperazine CAS 109 01 3