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Molecular sieves pack 4A is an alkali metal aluminosilicate that can adsorb molecules with critical diameters no greater than 4A, such as water, NH3, H2S, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, C2H5OH, C2H6, C2H4, etc. It is widely used in the drying of gas and liquid, as well as in the refining and purification of some gas or liquid, such as the preparation of argon.
The pore diameter of it is 4A. It can adsorb water, methanol, ethanol, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene and propylene. It does not adsorb any molecule with a diameter greater than 4A (including propane), and its selective adsorption performance for water is higher than that of any other molecule. It is one of the most widely used molecular sieves in industry.
|
Chemical Formula |
C20H25FN2O8 |
|
Exact Mass |
440 |
|
Molecular Weight |
440 |
|
m/z |
440 (100.0%), 441 (21.6%), 442 (2.2%), 442 (1.6%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.54; H, 5.72; F, 4.31; N, 6.36; O, 29.06 |
Polyester additive:
The function of it as detergent auxiliary is mainly to exchange calcium ions in water to produce softened water, remove dirt and prevent redeposition of dirt. 4A molecular sieve is the most widely used and the most mature product among phosphorous substitutes. 4A molecular sieve as a detergent additive instead of sodium tripolyphosphate plays an important role in solving environmental pollution. It can also be used as forming agent of soap and friction agent of toothpaste.
Sewage treatment:
4A molecular sieve can remove NH3-N, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+from sewage. The wastewater from industry, agriculture, civil use and aquaculture contains ammonia nitrogen, which not only endangers the survival of fish, pollutes the internal breeding environment, but also promotes the growth of algae, leading to the blockage of rivers and lakes. Due to the high selectivity and exchangeability of molecular sieves pack 4A to NH4+, it has been successfully applied in this field. Sewage from metal mines, smelters, metal surface treatment and chemical industry, which contains heavy metal ions, is very harmful to human health. The 4A molecular sieve can not only ensure the qualified water quality, but also recover heavy metals.
Other uses:
(1) Water treatment ---- hard water softener can replace the sulphonated coal widely used in China at present, thus reducing the cost;
(2) Metallurgical industry ---- separating agent, separating and extracting potassium, rubidium and cesium from brine. It is used in industrial processes such as enrichment, separation and extraction of metals;
(3) Petrochemical industry - catalyst, desiccant, adsorbent;
(4) Agriculture - soil conditioner;
(5) Medicine --- silver loaded zeolite antibacterial agent.
Properties and functions of molecular sieves pack 4A:
1. Ion exchange performance ---- water softening function: Each oxygen atom in the 4A molecular sieve framework is shared by two adjacent tetrahedrons. This structure forms large crystal cavities that can be occupied by cations and water molecules. These cations and water molecules have greater mobility, which can conduct cation exchange and reversible dehydration. Ion exchange of product is carried out on the framework with aluminum ions. A negative charge carried by each aluminum ion can not only bind sodium ions, but also other cations. Calcium and magnesium ions can enter the large crystal cavities occupied by the original sodium ions to replace the sodium ions in 4A molecular sieve, that is, the sodium ions in 4A molecular sieve can be exchanged with Ca2+, Mg2+ions in hard water, so as to soften the water quality.
2. The binding rate of product to calcium and magnesium ions is slower than that of sodium tripolyphosphate, and the binding ability to magnesium ions is weaker. However, 4A molecular sieve can easily and rapidly remove a small amount of harmful heavy metal ions (such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) in the aqueous solution, which is of great significance to the purification of water quality.
3. Adsorbability of surfactant - carrier function: 4A molecular sieve has strong adsorption performance due to its pore structure and large specific surface area of particles.
4. For the adsorption of non-ionic surfactant, 4A molecular sieve is 3 times as much as NTA (hypoaminotriacetic acid) and sodium carbonate, and 5 times as much as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium sulfate. This property is very significant for adding more surfactant in the agglomeration molding production of high concentration laundry powder to produce products with good washing and flow properties. Through the experiment, the liquid carrying capacity of 4A molecular sieve is ≥ 30%. Adding 4A molecular sieve in the production process of washing powder can increase the material fluidity, adjust the viscosity, and produce products with good appearance, fluidity and anti caking ability.
5. Detergency: Through the experiment, we compared the detergency of the same formula containing different additives by changing the additives. It was found that 20% STPP, 20% molecular sieve, and 4% polymer had the same decontamination effect as 40% STPP. In the phosphorus free formula, 20% molecular sieve was added with 10% sodium carbonate and 4.5% polymer, which could obtain a very ideal product.
6. Resistance to redeposition: 4A molecular sieve has good oil adhesion. When sodium carbonate, CMC, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate and other additives are added with zeolite, the oil absorption of nylon cloth is significantly reduced. The particle size of zeolite is 0.4-1.0 μ M, its dispersion is good, and it can prevent adhesion on the fabric.
Although the dispersion ability of 4A molecular sieve is not as good as that of STPP, the problem of dirt dispersion can be solved by mixing molecular sieves pack 4A with sodium polyacrylate.
7. Compatibility with other additives: 4A molecular sieve and other additives can complement each other in performance if they are appropriate. 4A molecular sieve has a lower dispersion of dirt and a lower chelation of hardness ions than STPP, but when mixed with STPP, 4A molecular sieve can achieve the effect of using STPP alone. This is because STPP can rapidly complexe calcium and magnesium ions from solid surface and transfer them to 4A molecular sieve through water medium. 4A molecular sieve has poor ability to combine magnesium ions, which can be compensated by compounding silicate and carbonate in molecular sieve.
8. PH buffer effect: it is alkaline, and the PH of 1% aqueous solution is 11.0, so it has a certain buffer alkalinity.
Safety: 4A molecular sieve is non-toxic and highly safe for human body. It has no irritation to eyes and skin, will not cause allergy, and is safe and reliable to use. After washing, it is deposited in the soil, causing no pollution, and can also improve the soil. It has no adverse impact on the ecology.
Molecular sieve is a crystalline aluminosilicate material with a uniform microporous structure. Due to their unique adsorption and sieving properties, they have a wide range of applications in industrial catalysis, gas separation, drying, and other fields. Among them, 4A molecular sieve (with a pore size of about 4 Å) is one of the earliest developed and widely used molecular sieves, mainly used for adsorbing small molecules such as water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.
The research on molecular sieves can be traced back to the 18th century, but it was not until the early 20th century that scientists began to systematically study their structure and properties.
In 1756, Swedish mineralogist Axel Frederick Kronstedt first discovered natural zeolite (zeolite) and observed that it would produce bubbles when heated, similar to boiling water, hence the name "zeolite" (derived from the Greek word "zeo"=boiling, "lithos"=stone).
In the 19th century, scientists further studied the adsorption performance of zeolite and found that zeolite could selectively adsorb certain molecules, but its microstructure was not fully understood at that time.
At the beginning of the 20th century, British chemist Richard Baller (1938) systematically studied the adsorption properties of zeolites and proposed the concept of "molecular sieves", which believed that molecular sieves had a uniform microporous structure and could sieve molecules of different sizes.
In 1948, Bale successfully synthesized the first batch of artificial zeolites (P-type zeolites), marking the transition of molecular sieves from natural minerals to synthetic research. The development and industrialization of 4A molecular sieves is an important milestone in molecular sieve science, mainly attributed to the research team of Union Carbide Corporation (now part of Honeywell).
In 1954, the Robert Milton and Donald Breck teams at UCC successfully synthesized type A molecular sieves (Linde Type A, LTA), with 4A molecular sieves (NaA type) being the earliest version with a pore size of approximately 4 Å (0.4nm). Its chemical formula is Na12 [(AlO2) 12 (SiO2) 12] · 27H2O, with a cubic crystal structure and pore size, suitable for adsorbing small molecules such as water, NH3, CO ₂, etc.
In 1959, UCC began large-scale production of 4A molecular sieves, marketed as "Linde 4A", initially used for gas drying and separation.
In the 1960s, 4A molecular sieves were widely used in the petrochemical industry, especially in the drying process of naphtha and natural gas, replacing traditional calcium chloride and silica gel desiccants.
adverse reaction
MOLECULAR SIEVES PACK 4A (4A molecular sieve) is an artificially synthesized aluminosilicate crystal material, which is widely used in gas drying, solvent dehydration, air separation, refrigerant drying and other fields due to its unique pore structure (4 angstroms) and adsorption performance. As an adsorbent, 4A molecular sieves play an important role in industrial and laboratory environments. However, any chemical substance may cause adverse reactions under improper use or exposure conditions.
Skin contact adverse reactions
Stimulating response
4A molecular sieve is a solid granular substance, and direct contact with the skin may cause slight irritation due to mechanical friction, especially for people with sensitive skin. Long term or repeated exposure may cause dryness, flaking, or redness of the skin. The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) explicitly recommends wearing protective gloves and long sleeved clothing during operation to avoid direct contact between particles and skin.
Allergic Reaction
A very small number of individuals may experience allergic reactions to the aluminosilicate components in molecular sieves, manifested as itching, redness, or rash at the contact site. If such symptoms occur, immediately rinse with plenty of water and seek medical assistance.
Handling suggestions
Wear chemical resistant gloves (such as nitrile rubber gloves) during operation.
Immediately wash the skin with soap and warm water after contact.
Avoid prolonged exposure of the skin to dusty environments.
Inhalation adverse reactions
Respiratory irritation
4A molecular sieves may generate dust during transportation or use, which may irritate the respiratory mucosa upon inhalation and cause coughing, sore throat, or shortness of breath. High concentration exposure may lead to chemical pneumonitis, especially in confined spaces.
Long term health effects
Long term inhalation of molecular sieve dust may increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis, but there is currently a lack of direct evidence. The safety data sheet recommends maintaining good ventilation in the operating area and equipping it with dust masks (such as N95 or higher).
Emergency Response
Immediately transfer to a place with fresh air.
If symptoms persist, medical examination is necessary.
It is recommended to use air supplied respirators for high-risk operations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is molecular sieve 3A and 4A?
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3A is the preferred Molecular Sieves adsorbent for the commercial dehydration of unsaturated hydrocarbon streams. 4A is the preferred Molecular Sieves adsorbent for the static dehydration in a closed gas or liquid drying system.
What is the difference between 4A and 13X molecular sieve?
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Different Molecular Sieve Sizes And Their Importance Explained
13X molecular sieves have a wider pore diameter, compared to 3A, 4A, and 5A sieves, which allows them to adsorb larger molecules. Large molecules such as oxygen, nitrogen carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, etc. easily pass through the pores of these sieves.
How to use 4A molecular sieves?
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The temperature is 350°C, and it is dried under normal pressure for 8 hours (if there is a vacuum pump, it can be dried at 150°C for 5 hours). 2. The activated 4A molecular sieve is cooled to about 200°C (about 2 minutes) in the air, and needs to be stored in a desiccator immediately. 3.
What is the pore size of 4A molecular sieves?
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Molecular sieves are made up of three dimensional interconnecting networks of silica and alumina tetrahedral. These crystalline metal aluminosilicates have uniform cavities to selectively adsorb specific size molecules. A 4A molecular sieve has an effective pore size of 4Å.
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