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Tert-Octylamine,Also known as 2-amino-2,4,4-trimethylpentane, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanamine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylamine, tertiary alkyl octylamine, TOA, Primene TOA, T-OCTYLAMINE, etc., it is a chemical substance with a colorless or white to light yellow liquid appearance and a strong ammonia smell. It is mainly used for synthesizing light stabilizer 944 and manufacturing resins, and also has applications in metal extraction and pharmaceutical fields. As a chemical, it is necessary to follow relevant safety regulations during handling and storage, avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, etc., and prevent its leakage into the environment. In case of leakage or accident, emergency measures should be taken immediately and professional personnel should be contacted for handling.
Additional information of chemical compound:
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Chemical Formula |
C8H19N |
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Exact Mass |
129.15 |
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Molecular Weight |
129.25 |
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m/z |
129.15 (100.0%), 130.16 (8.7%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 74.34; H, 14.82; N, 10.84 |
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Melting point |
-67℃ |
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Boiling point |
137-143℃(lit.) |
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Density |
0.805 g/mL at 25℃(lit.) |
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Tert-Octylamine, also known as 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanamine, is an organic compound with multiple uses. The following is a detailed exploration of the uses of tert octylamine, aiming to comprehensively reveal its application value in different fields:
Primene TOA plays an important role in the synthesis of light stabilizers. A light stabilizer is a compound that can absorb, reflect, or scatter ultraviolet radiation to protect polymer materials from photoaging. Hindered amine light stabilizers are an important type, and Primene TOA is a key raw material for synthesizing such light stabilizers. Through specific chemical reactions, Primene TOA can be converted into hindered amine compounds with excellent photostability, which are widely used in polymer materials such as polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, etc., effectively improving their light aging resistance and extending their service life.
Manufacturing resin
Primene TOA also has important applications in the field of resin manufacturing. Resin is a solid or high viscosity liquid with excellent physical and chemical properties, widely used in fields such as coatings, adhesives, plastics, rubber, fibers, etc. Primene TOA can participate in resin synthesis reactions as a reactant or catalyst, thereby improving certain properties of the resin, such as heat resistance, weather resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, etc. By adjusting the dosage and reaction conditions of Primene TOA, resin products with different properties can be prepared to meet the needs of different fields.
Primene TOA has also shown promising application prospects in the field of metal extraction. Metal extraction is a technique for extracting metal ions from ores, wastewater, or other complex systems. Tertiary octylamine can be used as an extractant to form stable complexes with metal ions, thereby achieving the separation and recovery of metals. This extraction method has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and ease of operation, and is particularly suitable for treating low concentration and highly toxic metal wastewater. By optimizing extraction conditions such as pH value, temperature, and concentration of extractants, the efficiency and recovery rate of metal extraction can be further improved.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing intermediates
Primene TOA can also serve as an intermediate in drug manufacturing. During drug synthesis, Primene TOA can participate in specific chemical reactions to generate compounds with pharmacological activity. These compounds, after further modification and optimization, can become drugs with therapeutic effects. The application of Primene TOA as a drug intermediate not only enriches the raw material sources for drug synthesis, but also provides more possibilities for new drug development.
In addition to drug manufacturing, Primene TOA can also serve as an intermediate in dye manufacturing. Dyes are compounds that can give color to materials such as fabrics, paper, plastics, etc. Primene TOA can participate in the synthesis reaction of dyes, generating dye molecules with specific colors and structures. These dye molecules have good dyeing performance and stability, which can meet the color needs of different fields. By adjusting the dosage and reaction conditions of Primene TOA, dye products with different colors and properties can be prepared.
Other applications
In addition to the main applications mentioned above, Primene TOA can also be used to synthesize other organic compounds, such as surfactants, rubber additives, plastic additives, etc. Surfactants are compounds that can reduce the surface tension of liquids and are widely used in detergents, cosmetics, pesticides, and other fields. Rubber and plastic additives are used to improve the processing and usability of rubber and plastics. In addition, Primene TOA can also be used as a fuel additive to improve the combustion efficiency and stability of the fuel.
What are the side effects of this compound?
Acute toxicity
The acute toxicity data of Primene TOA indicate that it has certain toxicity. Specifically:
Rat oral LD50: 218mg/kg or 2340mg/kg (different data sources may have slight differences, but all indicate that sunitinib has certain oral toxicity to rats).
Rabbit skin contact LD50:> 3000mg/kg (indicating relatively low skin toxicity of tert octylamine in rabbits, but still requiring careful handling).
Toxic effects and symptoms
The toxicity of Primene TOA mainly affects the digestive and nervous systems of the human body. After exposure to Primene TOA, the following symptoms may occur: it has a stimulating effect on the skin and may cause redness, swelling, pain, or burns. It may also cause eye pain, tearing, redness, or blurred vision. In severe cases, it may lead to eye damage. Inhaling the vapor or aerosol produced by this substance may cause respiratory irritation, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. In addition, inhaling tert octylamine may also cause symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea, dizziness, headache, bronchitis, etc. In severe cases, mental confusion, disorientation, and even convulsions may occur. Ingestion may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In severe cases, vomiting blood, psychiatric symptoms, or death may occur.
Toxic mechanism of action
The toxic mechanism of Primene TOA is not fully understood, but may be related to the following factors:
Neurotoxicity: Primene TOA may have toxic effects on the nervous system by affecting the transmission of neurotransmitters or the excitability of neurons.
Digestive system toxicity: Primene TOA may cause irritation or corrosion to the gastric and intestinal mucosa, leading to digestive system damage.
Safety advice
To reduce the toxicity risk of Primene TOA, the following measures are recommended:
Strengthen personal protection: When handling Primene TOA, appropriate protective equipment such as goggles, gloves, respiratory protective devices, etc. should be worn.
Avoid direct contact: Minimize direct contact with Primene TOA and avoid exposing skin, eyes, or mouth to Schopenamide.
Maintain good ventilation: When using, ensure that the workplace is well ventilated to reduce the accumulation of harmful gases.
Storage in a safe location: Store in a cool, ventilated, dry place away from sources of fire and oxidants.
Adhere to safety operating procedures: When using, strictly follow the safety operating procedures and chemical usage guidelines.
What metabolic reactions occur in the human body with tert octylamine
1.Oxidative metabolism
N-oxidation reaction: The nitrogen atom of Tert-Octylamine may undergo an oxidation reaction to generate the corresponding N-oxide. This oxidation reaction is quite common in the human body and is one of the important pathways for the metabolism of many amine drugs in the body.
Other oxidation reactions: In addition to N-oxidation reactions, its side chain alkyl groups may also undergo oxidation reactions such as hydroxylation, carboxylation, etc. These reactions may generate metabolites such as alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. However, the specific oxidation site and products depend on the structure of Schopenamide and the metabolic enzymes in the human body.
2.Combining metabolism
The metabolites of Primene TOA may further bind with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, or acetyl groups in the body to form more water-soluble complexes, making them easier to excrete from the body. This combined metabolism is an important pathway for the elimination of many drugs and toxins in the human body.
3.Toxicity and biological activity of metabolites
The metabolites of Primene TOA may have varying levels of toxicity and biological activity. Some metabolites may be harmless to the human body, while others may be toxic or biologically active, affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the metabolic pathways and metabolites of tert octylamine in the human body is of great significance for evaluating its toxicity and biological activity.
4.The impact of individual differences and metabolic enzymes
It is worth noting that there are individual differences in the metabolic response of Tert-Octylamine in the human body. The metabolic enzyme activity and liver function of different individuals may affect the metabolic rate and metabolites of tert octylamine. Therefore, for specific individuals, understanding their own metabolic characteristics is of great significance for predicting the metabolic response and potential toxicity of tert octylamine.
Tert-Octylamine (chemical name 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylamine, molecular formula C₈H₁₉N, molecular weight 129.24 g/mol) is a highly branched primary amine. Its unique octyl-tert structure endows it with unique chemical properties, making it play a significant role in organic synthesis, materials science, and industrial applications.
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Physical Properties and Stability
Tert-Octylamine is a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid at room temperature, with a strong ammonia odor. Its melting point is -67°C, and the boiling point range is 137-143°C (760 mmHg), indicating that it is volatile at room temperature but will only boil when heated to a higher temperature. The density is 0.805 g/mL at 25°C, the relative vapor density is 4.46 (air = 1), the refractive index is 1.424 at 20°C, and these parameters reflect the intermolecular forces and molecular volume characteristics of the molecule.
This compound is chemically stable at normal temperature and pressure and is not prone to spontaneous decomposition or polymerization reactions. However, when its vapor mixes with air, it may form an explosive mixture. It may cause combustion or explosion upon contact with open flames, high heat, or oxidants. Therefore, during storage and transportation, strict avoidance of fire sources is necessary, and good ventilation should be maintained.
Solubility and Polarity
The solubility of tert-octylamine is significantly influenced by its molecular structure. Due to the presence of highly branched tertiary butyl groups in the molecule, its polarity is relatively weak, resulting in extremely low solubility in water (almost insoluble). However, the amino group (-NH₂) in the molecule gives it a certain degree of polarity, enabling it to dissolve in many organic solvents such as chloroform, methanol, and ethanol. This solubility characteristic makes it an ideal reaction medium or intermediate in organic synthesis.
Acidity and Reactivity
As a primary amine, tert-Octylamine exhibits significant basicity and can undergo neutralization reactions with acids to form salts. For instance, it can react with hydrochloric acid to form the tert-Octylamine hydrochloride. This property is particularly important in drug synthesis. Additionally, the amino group of its molecule can act as a nucleophile and participate in various organic reactions, such as acylation reactions and alkylation reactions.
In terms of reactivity, the branched structure of tert-octylamine significantly affects its reaction kinetics and selectivity. Due to the large steric hindrance of the tertiary butyl group, the reactivity of the amino group may be somewhat inhibited. However, under certain specific conditions (such as high temperature, high pressure, or the presence of a catalyst), its reactivity can be significantly enhanced. Additionally, its branched structure may also influence the stereoelectronic properties of the reaction products, such as the formation of products with specific configurations.
Safety and Toxicity
Tert-Octylamine has certain toxicity and irritancy. Its vapor or liquid can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Inhalation may lead to symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea, dizziness, and headache. Long-term exposure or high concentration exposure may cause more serious health problems, such as bronchitis and mental disorders. Therefore, during the operation, strict safety procedures must be followed, protective equipment must be worn, and good ventilation must be ensured.
Application Areas
The unique chemical properties of Tert-Octylamine enable its wide application in various fields. In organic synthesis, it participates in various reactions as a base or nucleophilic reagent, such as in the synthesis of light stabilizers, resins, dyes, etc. In materials science, it can be used to prepare functional polymer materials or surfactants. Additionally, it can also be used as a metal extractant, a pharmaceutical intermediate, etc., playing a significant role in metal smelting and drug synthesis.
FAQ
1. What is it used for?
It is used in the synthesis of aminomethyltetracycline dericatives as novel antibacterial agents. Also used in the preparation of carbonyl or sulfonylpyrrolidine containing uracil derivatives which have potent effect in the inhibitoon of deoxyuridine triphosphatase inhibitors.
2. What is the density of tert octylamine?
0.805 g/mL
0.805 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
3. What are the primary applications of this compound?
This compound is widely used as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications. Its primary uses include serving as an intermediate in the production of rubber accelerators, dyes, and pharmaceuticals . It is also utilized in the synthesis of light stabilizers (e.g., for polymers) and in metal extraction processes
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