Biotinoyl Tripeptide

Collagen IV is the main component of the basement membrane, forming a three-dimensional network structure that provides mechanical support for hair follicles.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 upregulates the gene expression of collagen IV (COL4A1/COL4A2) by activating the transforming growth factor - β (TGF - β) signaling pathway in fibroblasts, promoting its synthesis and deposition.
Experimental data shows that after 48 hours of treatment with 0.1% concentration, the secretion of collagen IV in fibroblasts increased by 35%, significantly enhancing the anchoring strength of hair follicles.

Laminin-5 is another key component of the basement membrane, involved in the adhesion of hair follicle cells to the extracellular matrix.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 promotes the assembly of functional trimer by upregulating the expression of α 3, β 3, and γ 2 subunits of Laminin-5.
Clinical studies have shown that after 8 weeks of local application of 0.5% concentration, the deposition of Laminin-5 around hair follicles increases by 40% and hair loss decreases by 28%.

MMP-2 and MMP-9 can degrade collagen IV and Laminin-5, leading to basement membrane damage.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 reduces the degradation of the basement membrane by downregulating the gene expression of MMP-2/MMP-9.
Animal experiments have shown that this ingredient can reduce MMP-2 activity around hair follicles by 50% and delay the process of hair follicle miniaturization.

Ki-67 is a marker protein for cell proliferation, and its expression level reflects the activity level of hair follicle cells.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide activates the Wnt/β - catenin signaling pathway, upregulates Ki-67 gene expression, and promotes the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into hair matrix cells.
Clinical studies have shown that after 12 weeks of local application of 0.2% concentration, the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells in scalp biopsy increased from 15% to 32%, and hair density increased by 25%.

DHT is a key mediator of androgenic alopecia (AGA), which shortens the hair follicle growth phase by binding to androgen receptors (AR).
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 blocks DHT action through the following mechanism:
Competitive inhibition of DHT and AR binding reduces AR mediated gene transcription;
Downregulate the expression of 5 α - reductase (5 α - R) and reduce the conversion of testosterone to DHT;
Activate aromatase, promote the conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and counteract the DHT effect.
Animal experiments have shown that this ingredient can reduce DHT levels around hair follicles by 60%, and increase the proportion of hair follicles during the growth phase from 40% to 65%.

The blood vessels around the hair follicle provide oxygen and nutrients to the follicle, and their density is positively correlated with follicle activity.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and lumen formation by upregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).
Clinical studies have shown that after local application of 0.3% concentration for 16 weeks, scalp microvascular density increased by 35% and hair diameter increased by 12%.

Hair follicle cells are sensitive to oxidative stress, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 exerts antioxidant effects through the following mechanisms:
Upregulate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and eliminate ROS;
Inhibit the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and reduce ROS generation;
Activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to promote the expression of antioxidant genes such as HO-1 and NQO1.
Experimental data shows that this ingredient can reduce ROS levels in hair follicle cells by 50% and increase cell survival rate by 40%.

Hair follicle growth requires a large amount of ATP, and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to hair follicle atrophy.
Biotinoyl Tripeptide-1 improves energy metabolism through the following mechanisms:
Upregulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co activator protein-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) promotes mitochondrial biosynthesis;
Activate the AMPK signaling pathway, enhance fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake;
Inhibit excessive activation of the mTOR pathway to avoid energy waste.
Animal experiments have shown that this ingredient can increase the ATP content of hair follicle cells by 30% and the mitochondrial membrane potential by 25%.