HMG Peptide

HMG (human menopausal gonadotropin) is a mixed hormone preparation extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women, containing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Its core uses include:
Treating ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian dysfunction, by stimulating the development of multiple follicles, increasing the number of eggs retrieved at a time, and improving the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Research has shown that HMG treatment can significantly improve the number of retrieved eggs and clinical pregnancy rate in patients with poor ovarian response. HMG also promotes estrogen secretion, stimulates endometrial hyperplasia, and provides a suitable environment for embryo implantation. This mechanism is particularly important in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF), as HMG pretreatment can improve endometrial receptivity and increase embryo implantation rate.

THP is a type of short peptide (usually composed of 5-30 amino acids) that can specifically recognize tumor cell surface receptors. It is rich in polar amino acids such as cysteine (Cys) and arginine (Arg), which can enhance cell permeability. Its core uses include:

As a drug carrier, THP couples with chemotherapy drugs, nanoparticles, or cytotoxic molecules to form peptide drug conjugates (PDCs), achieving tumor targeted delivery. For example, iRGD peptide (CRGDR/KGPDC) can combine with paclitaxel to significantly improve the tumor inhibition rate of breast cancer model mice.

HMG CoA reductase is a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, and its inhibitors (such as statins) competitively bind to the active center of the enzyme by mimicking the HMG domain. Researchers designed competitive inhibitory peptides (such as YVAE peptide segments) and optimized their binding ability with HMG CoA reductase through structural functional analysis, providing direction for the development of novel cholesterol lowering drugs.

The HMG-1/-2 subfamily participates in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling by binding to DNA through its L-shaped folding domain. For example, HMG-1 can bind to damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), activate immune responses, and play a key role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The HMG-I/Y subfamily recruits transcription factors and regulates gene expression by binding to the AT enriched region of DNA through the AT hook motif. For example, HMG-I/Y is overexpressed in breast cancer to promote tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.

HMG-1 (HMGB1), as a DAMP protein, can induce inflammatory responses in the extracellular space. Antibodies or inhibitors targeting HMG-1 can block its pro-inflammatory effects and are used to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. DPEP1 peptide can serve as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for lung and liver diseases, reducing tissue damage by regulating immune responses.

Heart homing peptide (CHP) can target myocardial tissue, deliver therapeutic drugs, and promote myocardial repair. For example, CHP modified nanoparticles can carry vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stimulate angiogenesis, and improve myocardial blood supply. Homehoming peptide coupled with anti-inflammatory drugs can target atherosclerotic plaque, inhibit inflammatory reaction and stabilize plaque.