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Pralmorelin (GHRP-2) is a synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone stimulator. By selectively activating the growth hormone releasing hormone receptors (GHS-R1a) in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, it strongly stimulates the release of endogenous growth hormone (GH). Its unique structure (D-Ala-D-βNal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂) endows it with superior stability and potency compared to natural ghrelin. It reaches the peak of GH levels 15 minutes after subcutaneous injection and has a half-life of approximately 30 minutes.
Clinically, it is mainly used for evaluating pituitary function and can replace the insulin hypoglycemia test to diagnose GH deficiency. Studies have shown that it can promote muscle synthesis and reduce fat accumulation, and may potentially be applied in the treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. However, due to the possibility of interfering with the natural GH feedback regulation, its long-term safety is questionable. In the field of sports, it is listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Customized Bottle Caps & Corks
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Chemical Formula |
C45H55N9O6 |
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Exact Mass |
817.43 |
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Molecular Weight |
817.99 |
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m/z |
817.43 (100.0%), 818.43 (48.7%), 819.43 (11.6%), 818.42 (3.3%), 819.43 (1.6%), 819.43 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 66.08; H, 6.78; N, 15.41; O, 11.74 |
1. Children with poor growth and development
Children's stunted growth and development is a common endocrine system disease in children, which is mainly manifested as being lower than the average height of peers. It can promote the growth and development of children, increase height and weight by stimulating the synthesis and release of growth hormone. A number of studies have shown that it can effectively promote the growth of children and reduce the occurrence of scoliosis and bone and joint deformities in patients with growth hormone deficiency.
2. Muscle weakness
Myasthenia is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, fatigue, and motor dysfunction. It improves muscle strength and endurance and improves motor function in patients with muscle weakness. A clinical trial showed that product significantly improved muscle strength and endurance and reduced fatigue in patients with myasthenia.
3. Skin bumps
Cutaneous dyskeratosis, also known as benign keratinomatosis of the skin, pearly sweat blisters or skin pimples, is a common abnormal keratinization disease. It can promote cell growth and division, thereby helping to restore the skin's normal cell renewal process and improve the symptoms of patients with pimples. A study showed that it can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with skin pimples and reduce the occurrence of skin sweat blisters.
4. Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a series of clinical manifestations caused by insufficient intake or malabsorption of nutrients due to poor dietary habits or chronic diseases. It can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract to secrete gastric acid, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice, promote nutrient absorption, increase appetite and improve malnutrition. One study showed that was able to significantly improve weight and height in malnourished patients.
5. Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by low blood sugar levels. It stimulates the release of insulin and can raise blood sugar levels, treating hypoglycemia. A number of studies have shown that it has a significant effect in the treatment of hypoglycemia, and can effectively improve the blood sugar level of patients.
6. Liver damage
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and is responsible for the synthesis and metabolism of various substances. Liver injury is a common disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis and other manifestations. It can promote the growth and regeneration of liver cells, repair damaged liver tissue, and treat liver damage. A clinical trial showed that it can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with liver damage, and reduce the degree of liver function damage and liver cell necrosis.
7. Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease is a disease caused by dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and other manifestations. It can promote the growth and repair of myocardium, and can reduce the load pressure on the heart, thereby improving cardiovascular diseases. A study showed that it can reduce cardiac load pressure in patients with coronary heart disease, and improve myocardial contractility and cardiac output.
Pralmorelin is a man-made drug also known as GHRP-2 (growth hormone releasing peptide-2) with the chemical name D-alanyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L -phenylalanyl-L-lysinamide. The substance has a variety of physiological effects, mainly by promoting the synthesis and release of human growth hormone to play a therapeutic role.
it is a polypeptide composed of 28 amino acid residues, which are connected to each other by peptide bonds. It has a large molecular weight and complex structure. Due to the existence of many different amino acid residues and side chain groups, it has great research value in terms of derivatization properties, biological activities and clinical applications. The structural features of product will be introduced one by one below.
1. Amino acid residues
The polypeptide chain of it is composed of different amino acid residues, which can be represented by single-letter codes, including: A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y. These amino acids have an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain group, which form a peptide chain through peptide bonds. In the polypeptide chain of product, the sequence and composition of amino acid residues directly affect its biological activity and pharmacological effect.
It contains some very rare amino acid residues, such as D-alanine. D-alanine and L-alanine are two stereoisomers with different spatial structures and thus different chemical and biological activities. D-alanine can enhance the stability of product, and promote its peptide chain folding and effect in vivo.
L-alpha-aspartyl is a secondary amino acid with a carboxyl group and two negatively charged carboxylic acid side chains. It plays an important role in the polypeptide chain of product and can form ionic bonds with other amino acid residues, thereby affecting its molecular structure and biological activity. In addition, L-alpha-aspartyl can also participate in metabolism, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glucose production.
Phenylalanyl is an aromatic amino acid consisting of phenyl and carboxyl side chains. In the polypeptide chain of it, the presence of Phenylalanyl can increase its hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, thereby affecting its solubility and bioavailability. In addition, Phenylalanyl is also involved in multiple physiological processes, such as protein synthesis and enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
(4) L-Lysine:
L-lysine is an amino acid residue with a cationic side chain, which plays an important role in the molecular structure and biological activity of it. L-lysine can form ionic bonds with negatively charged amino acid residues, thereby affecting the folding and stability of the product peptide chain. In addition, L-lysine also participates in various metabolic processes in organisms and can promote protein synthesis.
2. Peptide bond
The 28 amino acid residues are connected to each other by peptide bonds, which are formed by condensation reactions between amino groups and carboxyl groups in amino acids. The formation of peptide bonds allows the amino acid residues to form a linear arrangement, forming a peptide chain. In the peptide chain of product, the position and nature of the peptide bond directly affect its molecular structure and biological activity.
The formation of peptide bonds is achieved through the formation of condensation reactions between carboxyl groups and amino groups. During this process, a molecule of water is lost and a new peptide bond is formed. In product, the formation of peptide bonds connects 28 amino acid residues into a linear peptide chain, and forms strong hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. These interactions stabilize the molecular structure of product, forming a regular spatial conformation.
adverse reaction
Pralmorelin (also known as GHRP-2, growth hormone releasing peptide-2) is an artificially synthesized growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland by mimicking the action of ghrelin. As a diagnostic reagent, it has been used to evaluate growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and has entered clinical trials for the treatment of GHD and dwarfism. Despite its significant therapeutic effect, the diversity of adverse reactions limits its widespread application.
Common adverse reactions
Injection site reaction
Injection site reactions are the most direct adverse reactions of Pralmorelin, with a high incidence but usually self limiting. Specific manifestations include:
Pain and tenderness:
Pain during local stabbing or pressing after injection, often seen in the early stages of subcutaneous injection, may be related to drug stimulation or improper operation.
Redness and induration:
Redness, swelling, or lumps appear in the injection area, which may be accompanied by an increase in skin temperature and usually subsides within 24-48 hours.
Itching and rash:
A small number of patients report local itching or red papules, which may be related to allergic reactions or drug stimulation of skin nerve endings.
Systemic response
Pralmorelin indirectly affects systemic metabolism by stimulating GH secretion, which may trigger the following reactions:
Headache and dizziness:
Fluctuations in GH levels may cause changes in intracranial pressure or vasodilation, leading to mild to moderate headaches and occasional dizziness.
Redness and sweating:
Medication activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to facial and neck flushing and night sweats, which are more common within 30 minutes after medication.
Sleepiness and fatigue:
GH promotes accelerated metabolism and may be accompanied by increased energy expenditure, with some patients reporting fatigue or drowsiness after medication.
Water retention and joint pain:
GH stimulates the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may lead to the increase of joint cavity fluid, causing joint pain or swelling.
Metabolism and endocrine response
Pralmorelin's interference with the metabolic and endocrine systems may lead to:
Blood glucose fluctuation:
GH has an anti insulin effect and may increase fasting blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), especially in patients with diabetes.
Thyroid dysfunction:
Long term use may inhibit the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), leading to hypothyroidism, and regular check of thyroid hormone levels is necessary.
Electrolyte imbalance:
A small number of patients report hyponatremia or hyperkalemia, which may be related to drug effects on the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Pralmorelin used for?
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The use of pralmorelin as a diagnostic agent for GH deficiency is based on its ability to markedly increase plasma levels of GH in healthy subjects irrespectively of gender, obesity or age.
What is Pralmorelin and how does it work?
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Pralmorelin (also known as GHRP-2) is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) that acts as a ghrelin receptor agonist. It stimulates the pituitary gland and hypothalamus to release growth hormone (GH) by mimicking the action of ghrelin, a natural hormone that regulates appetite and GH secretion. This leads to increased pulsatile GH release, which supports growth, metabolism, and tissue repair.
What is Pralmorelin used for?
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Pralmorelin is primarily used as a diagnostic agent to assess growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by measuring plasma GH levels after administration. It is also under investigation for therapeutic applications, including treating short stature (pituitary dwarfism), improving muscle mass in sarcopenia, and enhancing recovery from injuries. Clinical trials are exploring its potential in metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
How is Pralmorelin administered?
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Pralmorelin can be administered orally, intravenously, or via nasal drip. However, due to low oral bioavailability (0.3–1%), injection (subcutaneous or intravenous) is the preferred method for clinical use. Nasal formulations are being developed to improve absorption and convenience, but their efficacy is still under study.
What are the common side effects of Pralmorelin?
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Side effects may include injection site reactions (pain, redness, or swelling), transient headaches, dizziness, nausea, flushing, increased appetite, and water retention. Rarely, it may cause joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, or numbness in extremities. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes should use it cautiously due to potential effects on glucose metabolism.
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