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Lithium bromide is an inorganic compound that appears as white cubic crystal crystals or granular powder. It is also known as a transparent solution and is highly soluble in water, ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in pyridine, and soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, and ethylene glycol. It has stable properties and is not easily degraded or decomposed in the atmosphere. It can form a series of addition compounds with ammonia or amines, such as monoammonium lithiumbromid and diammonium lithiumbromid.
In addition, lithiumbromid can also form stable complexes with butyl lithium, as it has a strong corrosive effect on steel in air, but adding corrosion inhibitors in a vacuum state basically does not corrode the metal. This substance is a highly efficient water vapor absorbent and air humidity regulator. It is widely used as an absorption refrigerant in the refrigeration industry, as well as a hypnotic and sedative.

Additional information of chemical compound:
|
Chemical Formula |
BrLi |
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Exact Mass |
85.93 |
|
Molecular Weight |
86.84 |
|
m/z |
85.93(100.0%),87.93(97.3%),84.93(8.2%),86.93(8.0%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
Br, 92.01; Li, 7.99 |
|
Melting point |
550℃ (lit.) |
|
Boiling point |
1265℃ |
|
Density |
1.57 g/mL at 25℃ |
|
|
|
Materials of Metric Roller Chain Sprocket
Lithiumbromid's defining characteristic is its hygroscopicity, enabling it to absorb water vapor from the environment. This property is quantified by its unusually low water vapor pressure in aqueous solutions, making it an effective desiccant. The compound forms multiple hydrates (LiBr·H₂O, LiBr·2H₂O, LiBr·3H₂O, and LiBr·5H₂O), each with incongruent melting points, complicating phase transitions during thermal processing.
Key physical properties include:
1) Density: 1.57 g/mL at 25°C
2) Solubility: 61 g/100 mL in water at 25°C; slightly soluble in methanol (requires heating)
3) pH: Neutral (7) in 10 g/L aqueous solution
4) Thermal Stability: Decomposes to lithium oxide (Li₂O) at high temperatures
Chemically, lithiumbromid exhibits dual reactivity as a lithium salt and a bromide ion source. It acts as a Lewis acid, forming complexes with electron-pair donors, and participates in redox reactions due to bromine's electronegativity. Its solubility in polar organic solvents like alcohols and ethers expands its utility in emulsions and solvent systems.

Application in the refrigeration industry

This substance plays an important role in the refrigeration industry, mainly used as a refrigerant in absorption refrigeration machines. An absorption refrigeration machine utilizes changes in solution concentration to achieve a refrigeration cycle. In the absorption refrigeration machine, lithium bromide solution is used as an absorbent to absorb water vapor and form a concentrated solution. The concentrated solution is heated in the generator, releasing refrigerant water vapor, while its own concentration decreases to become a dilute solution.Water vapor condenses into water in the condenser, and then enters the evaporator after being depressurized by the throttling device, absorbing heat and evaporating into refrigerant water vapor.
The refrigerant water vapor enters the absorber, is absorbed by the dilute solution, and forms a concentrated solution again, completing the refrigeration cycle. This absorption refrigeration machine has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, no noise, no vibration, etc., and is particularly suitable for places that require a large amount of refrigeration and have strict requirements for noise and vibration. Widely used in fields such as air conditioning, industrial cooling, food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, etc.

Applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries

Drug raw materials: It is used as an emotional stabilizer in certain psychiatric treatments, especially for patients with bipolar disorder, and has significant therapeutic effects. In addition, lithiumbromid can also be used to synthesize other drugs, such as lithium salt drugs. Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs and involved in the drug synthesis reaction process.
It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis and can participate in various chemical reactions, such as addition reactions, substitution reactions, etc. In addition, it can also be used to synthesize lithium salts and other lithium compounds, which play important roles in organic synthesis. It is also used as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions to increase reaction rate and yield. For example, in the de aging reaction of hydrogen chloride, it can act as a catalyst to promote the progress of the reaction. It can also be used as a chemical reagent for detecting and analyzing the properties of certain compounds.

Applications in the battery industry and other industries

It can serve as an electrolyte for high-energy batteries, improving their energy density and cycle life. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, it can be used as an additive to improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. It can also be used as an electrolyte for micro batteries, which are typically used in micro electronic devices such as smartwatches, Bluetooth earphones, etc. At the same time, it is used as a fixative in the photography industry, which can help fix the image in photos. It can also be used to synthesize certain pesticide components, improving the insecticidal effect and stability of pesticides. Moreover, as an expansion agent used in the chemical fiber industry, it can help fibers expand and improve their performance during processing.
Laboratory&Environmental and Energy Applications
Lithium bromide can be used as an experimental reagent in various chemical reactions, such as redox reactions, acid-base reactions, etc. It can also be used as experimental material for preparing various compounds and solutions, such as lithiumbromid solution. It has strong hygroscopicity and can be used in air purification systems to absorb moisture and pollutants from the air, improving air quality. It is also applied in certain energy storage systems, such as thermal storage systems, chemical energy storage systems, etc. These systems can utilize the endothermic and exothermic properties of lithiumbromid to achieve energy storage and release.

Air humidity regulation

Lithiumbromid has strong hygroscopicity and can absorb moisture from the air. Based on this property, lithiumbromid is widely used in the field of air humidity regulation. It can achieve the goal of regulating air humidity by absorbing moisture from the air and reducing its humidity.
In places that require high air humidity, such as museums, libraries, archives, etc., lithiumbromid humidity regulators can effectively protect cultural relics, books, archives, and other items from moisture damage. In addition, in electronic equipment production workshops, laboratories, and other places, lithiumbromid humidity regulators can also maintain appropriate air humidity to ensure the normal operation of electronic equipment and experimental instruments.

Gas Detection and Water Analysis

Lithiumbromid can be used to prepare certain gas sensors for detecting specific gases in the environment. For example, by utilizing the interaction between lithiumbromid and certain gases, sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity to specific gases can be prepared. These sensors have important application value in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and other fields.
They can monitor the concentration of gases in the environment in real time and detect potential safety hazards in a timely manner. Lithiumbromid can be used as a reagent or standard substance in water quality analysis. It can be used to determine the concentration of certain ions in water, such as lithium ions, bromide ions, etc. By accurately measuring the ion content in water, the water quality can be evaluated, providing scientific basis for the protection and management of water resources.


Lithium bromide, as an important inorganic compound, has shown broad application prospects in multiple fields. With the advancement of technology and the strengthening of environmental awareness, its application in refrigeration, medicine, batteries and other fields continues to deepen, and its development prospects are worth exploring in depth:

Current status of pharmaceutical applications
At present, its application as a sedative in the pharmaceutical field is mainly limited to the treatment of specific diseases. For example, in the treatment of certain mental illnesses, it can also be used as an adjuvant therapy drug to help patients relieve anxiety, tension, and other emotions. In addition, it can also be used for certain pain treatments, reducing patients' pain through its sedative effect.
Future Development Prospects
With the increasing demand for mental health and the continuous advancement of medical technology, its application prospects in the field of medicine will be even broader. On the one hand, with the continuous development of new drugs, they may be combined with other drugs to form more effective and safe treatment plans. On the other hand, as people's awareness of mental health increases, the market demand for it as a sedative will continue to grow.

Neutralization Synthesis of Lithium Carbonate and Hydrobromic Acid
This is the most mainstream industrial preparation route with high product purity. Lithium carbonate is mixed with hydrobromic acid solution under stirring for acid-base neutralization reaction. The reaction releases carbon dioxide, and the initial pH of the system is controlled to weak acidity to avoid excess lithium carbonate residue.
After full reaction, the mixed liquid is heated to remove dissolved carbon dioxide, then filtered to eliminate insoluble impurities. The filtrate enters vacuum concentration to evaporate water, and saturated lithiumbromid solution is obtained.
Low-temperature crystallization, centrifugal separation and vacuum drying are carried out sequentially to get anhydrous lithiumbromid powder. This process features mild reaction conditions, few by-products and easy purification, suitable for producing high-grade lithiumbromid used in sensors and water analysis.
Metal Lithium Direct Reaction with Hydrobromic Acid
Metallic lithium reacts directly with diluted hydrobromic acid to generate lithiumbromid and hydrogen gas. The reaction is violent and exothermic, so hydrobromic acid must be slowly dropped into lithium suspension under cooling to prevent liquid splashing and hydrogen explosion.
After complete reaction, filter out trace insoluble impurities, concentrate and crystallize the filtrate. This method has simple steps, but metallic lithium raw material cost is high, and strict explosion-proof equipment is required, only applied for small-batch laboratory preparation of high-purity samples.
Double Decomposition Route of Lithium Hydroxide and Ammonium Bromide
Lithium hydroxide aqueous solution is mixed with ammonium bromide solution for double decomposition reaction, generating lithiumbromid and volatile ammonia water. The mixed solution is heated to boil to completely evaporate ammonia, eliminating ammonia residue in the system. The remaining liquid is purified via activated carbon decolorization, membrane filtration, vacuum concentration and drying. This raw material cost is moderate, yet the ammonia recovery device needs to be equipped, increasing supporting equipment investment, mostly adopted by medium-sized chemical manufacturers.
All synthetic products need secondary deep drying to remove crystal water; trace heavy metal and organic impurities are removed by recrystallization to meet the standards for gas sensor raw materials and water quality analysis reagents. The finished lithiumbromid must be sealed and stored, as it has strong hygroscopicity and easily absorbs moisture from air to deteriorate.
FAQ
What is lithium bromide used for?
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Yes, lithium bromide is toxic. If swallowed, it is harmful. It can cause skin and serious eye irritation, as well as an allergic skin reaction. Ingestion or overexposure can cause central nervous system issues like tremors, nausea, dizziness, and convulsions.
Is lithium bromide hazardous?
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Yes, lithium bromide is toxic. If swallowed, it is harmful. It can cause skin and serious eye irritation, as well as an allergic skin reaction. Ingestion or overexposure can cause central nervous system issues like tremors, nausea, dizziness, and convulsions.
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