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Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as seignette salt, is an inorganic salt compound with the molecular formula KNa (C4H4O6) 4.4H2O. It is a white crystalline powder, with a pure white color and no impurities or colored impurities. It has a polycrystalline form, with the most common being biconical and rhombic. This compound is prone to deliquescence in the air and loses some crystalline water when heated, turning into a white powder. Easy to dissolve in water, with high solubility in water and no significant thermal effect. Its solubility is not high in cold water, but significantly increases in hot water.
Easily deliquescent in the air. When exposed to humid air, its surface gradually becomes damp, ultimately resulting in the complete loss of crystalline water and turning into a white powder. During heating, some crystalline water is lost and turns into white powder. Its thermal decomposition temperature is relatively high, usually above 100 ℃, but different degrees of decomposition may occur at different temperatures. It has extensive application value in the mirror industry. It can not only improve the reaction rate and generation rate of silver mirrors, but also prevent copper rust on the surface of copper mirrors, adjust the pH value of the solution, improve the corrosion resistance of silver mirrors, and reduce production costs. It has a complexing effect on metal ions and is a commonly used complexing agent for chemical copper plating. Used as a reducing agent in medicine and reagents, and in telecommunications equipment to manufacture crystal speakers or microphones.
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Chemical Formula |
C4H12KNaO10 |
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Exact Mass |
282 |
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Molecular Weight |
282 |
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m/z |
282 (100.0%), 284 (7.2%), 283 (4.3%), 284 (2.1%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 17.02; H, 4.29; K, 13.85; Na, 8.15; O, 56.69 |
Melting point 70-80 ° C, Specific rotation 22.1 º (c=10, water), Boiling point 220 ° C, Density 1.05 g/ml at 20 ° C, Refractive index 22 ° (c=10, H2O), Storage condition store at +5 ° C to +30 ° C, Solubility h2o: 1 m at 20 ° C, clear, colorless, Form solid, Color white semi transparent, PH value 7.0-8.5 (25 ℃, 50mg/ml in H2O), Acid base indicator discoloration pH range 6.0 - 8.5, Odor odorless, Optical activity[ α] 20/D +28.0 to +30.0°, Water solubility 630 g/l (20 º C), Maximum wavelength( λ max) λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.026, λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.022, BRN 6113568
It is obtained by neutralizing tartaric acid with Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate. In the reaction pot equipped with stirring and steam heating tubes, add solid alkali and liquid potassium hydroxide, and add water to dissolve. Add tartaric acid under heating and stirring until the pH of the solution is 7. Filter while it is hot, and put the filtrate into the crystallization pot to cool and crystallize. After suction filtration, wash with water to remove chlorides. After boiling and drying at below 48 ℃, it is the finished product.
What is Potassium Sodium Tartrate Tetrahydrate used for
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is widely used to prepare Flynn solution, which is a commonly used anticoagulant drug that can prevent blood clotting for medical testing and analysis. In addition, it can also be used to test reducing sugars, because under the action of sugar reductase, it can react with reducing sugars to generate metal ions and tartaric acid. By detecting the content of metal ions or tartaric acid, the content of reducing sugars in the sample can be calculated. In the field of medicine, it can also be used as a laxative because its high osmotic pressure can promote intestinal peristalsis, thereby having a laxative effect.
As a chemical reagent, it is mainly used as a masking agent and for biochemical detection of serum proteins. This is because in biochemical testing, some ions or substances may interfere with the experimental results, and using this substance can effectively mask these interfering factors, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. In addition, it can also be used to prepare buffer solutions and control pH values.
It has a wide range of applications in the mirror industry. As a complexing agent for silver mirror reactions, it can improve the reaction rate and prevent the formation of copper rust on the surface of copper mirrors.
Silver mirror reaction: One of the most important applications is participating in silver mirror reaction. In this reaction, the silver ammonia solution generated by the reaction of silver nitrate and ammonia water contains a large amount of free silver ions. These silver ions can undergo oxidation-reduction reactions with aldehyde groups, generating bright silver mirrors. In this process, as a complexing agent, it can form stable complexes with silver ions, promote the deposition of silver ions, and improve the generation speed and brightness of silver mirrors.
Preventing Copper Rust on the Surface of Copper Mirrors: In the preparation process of copper mirrors, if pure copper is used to make the mirror surface, over time, copper rust is prone to occur on the surface of the copper mirror, which will seriously affect the quality and aesthetics of the mirror. The use of this substance can effectively prevent the formation of copper rust on the surface of copper mirrors. This is because a protective film is formed on the surface of the copper mirror, which can prevent water and oxygen from penetrating the surface of the copper mirror, thereby providing protection.
Adjusting the pH value of the solution: In silver mirror reactions, the pH value of the solution has a significant impact on the reaction rate and the quality of the product. It can be used to adjust the pH value of the solution to ensure that the reaction proceeds under optimal conditions. By adding an appropriate amount of this chemical substance, the pH value of the solution can be adjusted to the optimal range, thereby accelerating the reaction rate and improving the quality of the silver mirror.
Improving the corrosion resistance of silver mirrors: Although silver mirrors are beautiful, their corrosion resistance is relatively poor and they are easily affected by substances such as moisture and carbon dioxide in the air, leading to corrosion. To improve the corrosion resistance of silver mirrors, an appropriate amount of this substance can be added during the manufacturing process. This substance can form a protective film on the surface of the silver mirror, enhancing its corrosion resistance, making the silver mirror more durable and long-lasting.
Reducing production costs: In the mirror industry, reducing production costs is one of the key factors in improving enterprise competitiveness. As a relatively inexpensive raw material, it can be used to replace some more expensive raw materials, thereby reducing production costs. For example, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate can be used to replace some expensive complexing agents or stabilizers, in order to achieve the goal of reducing costs.
What are the side effects of this compound?
1.Health hazards
Gastrointestinal irritation
This compound has a strong stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. After ingestion, it may cause discomfort symptoms such as gastrointestinal spasms and irritability. In animal experiments, excessive oral administration of this substance may have side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as irritation and discomfort.
Skin contact
Prolonged or excessive exposure of the skin to this compound may cause skin inflammation or irritation. Once the skin comes into contact with the substance, contaminated clothing should be immediately removed and thoroughly rinsed with soap and water. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Eye contact
Exposure to this substance may cause discomfort or inflammation in the eyes.
Immediately lift the eyelids, thoroughly rinse the eyes with plenty of flowing water or saline, and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Inhalation
Although the compound is mainly harmful through gastrointestinal ingestion, prolonged or high concentration inhalation of its dust may also have adverse effects on the respiratory system.
2.Environmental hazards
Pollution of waters
If this compound is discharged into the environment without proper treatment, it may cause pollution to water bodies.
This substance has a certain solubility in water, so it may enter the water body through surface runoff or groundwater infiltration, affecting water quality.
Soil pollution
Long term or extensive use may lead to soil pollution. This substance may alter the chemical properties of soil, affecting soil microbial activity and plant growth.
Ecological impact
This compound may have indirect impacts on ecosystems. For example, it may be transmitted through the food chain, affecting the survival and reproduction of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In addition, the substance may also have a negative impact on the microbial community in the soil, disrupting ecological balance.
3.Explosive hazard
Combustion characteristic
The substance itself does not have special combustion and explosion characteristics. However, under specific conditions such as high temperatures, open flames, etc., it may still cause fires or explosions. Therefore, when handling this substance, it is necessary to ensure that the workplace is away from sources of fire and heat, and equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment.
Fire extinguishing methods
In the event of a fire, appropriate fire extinguishing agents should be used to extinguish the fire. For example, dry powder extinguisher, foam extinguisher or carbon dioxide extinguisher can be used. It should be noted that during the fire extinguishing process, personnel safety should be ensured to avoid inhaling toxic smoke or coming into contact with high-temperature substances.
What are the preparation methods of this compound?
Obtained by neutralizing tartaric acid with potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The specific steps are as follows:
Add solid alkali and liquid potassium hydroxide to a reaction vessel equipped with stirring and steam heating tubes, and dissolve in water.
Add tartaric acid under heating and stirring until the pH of the solution reaches 7.
Filter while hot, put the filtrate into a crystallization pot, and cool the crystallization.
After filtration, wash with water to remove chlorides.
The finished product is obtained by boiling and drying below 48 ℃.
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The chemical properties of potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (tetrahydrate of tartaric acid potassium sodium, also known as Rochelle salt) are as follows:
Water solubility: This compound is highly soluble in water. The solubility is 26 g/100 mL at 0℃ and increases to 66 g/100 mL at 26℃, forming a transparent solution.
Organic solvent solubility: It is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol. This characteristic gives it unique advantages in the analysis and reactions of aqueous systems.
Solution pH: The pH value of the 5% aqueous solution is 6.0-8.5, showing a slightly alkaline nature, due to the weak alkalinity of the carboxylate ion in its molecule.
Buffering action: As a buffer, it can effectively maintain the pH stability of the reaction system, and is widely used in the food industry (such as enhancing flavor and preservation) and biochemical experiments (such as enzyme activity research).
Melting point and crystalline water: The melting point is 75℃. At 100℃, 3 crystalline water molecules are lost, and at 130-140℃, it is completely dehydrated. It begins to decompose at 220℃, generating carbon oxides, sodium oxides, and potassium oxides.
Storage conditions: It should be avoided in high-temperature environments to prevent decomposition and changes in properties.
Chelation: The carboxylate and hydroxyl groups in the molecule can form stable complexes with metal ions (such as calcium, magnesium, and iron), often used in water treatment (softening water quality) and chemical analysis (such as masking interfering ions).
Catalytic application: In organic synthesis, its complexation ability can enhance the activity of catalysts or stabilize reaction intermediates.
Crystal characteristics: As one of the earliest discovered piezoelectric materials, its crystal generates charge under mechanical stress and vice versa.
Electronic application: It was widely used in microphones, headphones, and phonograph pickups, but has been replaced by more efficient piezoelectric materials in modern times.
Stability: It is chemically stable at normal temperature and pressure and does not react vigorously with strong acids, strong bases, or reducing agents.
Prohibited substances: It should avoid contact with strong oxidants, which may cause dangerous reactions; decomposition products at high temperatures are corrosive.
Appearance: It is usually colorless semi-transparent crystals or white powder, with a orthorhombic crystal structure.
Density: The relative density is 1.79 g/cm³, which helps with its separation and purification.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is sodium potassium tartrate safe to consume?
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This substance is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
What foods have sodium, potassium, tartrate?
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Tartaric acid, potassium acid tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate. Antioxidant: Beverages, candy, ice cream, baked goods, yogurt, gelatin desserts, baking powder. Tartaric acid occurs naturally in grapes, other fruits, and coffee beans.
What is the difference between sodium, potassium tartrate, and potassium, sodium tartrate?
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Sodium potassium tartrate is a double salt of tartaric acid with a chemical formula C4H4O6KNa·4H2O. Potassium sodium tartrate is also known as Rochelle salt or Potassium sodium tartrate. Potassium sodium tartrate is a colourless to white crystalline powder with a cool and saline taste.
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