Titanium Trichloride Powder CAS 7705-07-9

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Titanium trichloride powder, the main component of titanium trichloride, is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of TiCl3. It is a purple crystalline powder, which is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetonitrile, slightly soluble in chloroform, and insoluble in ether and benzene. The solution is purple. The heated solution turns blue, and then returns to purple after cooling. After being placed in the air for a long time, it will fade and precipitate h2chemicalbooktio3. Soluble in hydrochloric acid, insoluble in ether, soluble in HCl solution to obtain titanium trichloride tetrahydrate TiCl3 · 4H2O, which is unstable in air. Decompose at 440 ℃. It can be oxidized to Ti (Ⅳ) in air, and moisture can accelerate the oxidation process, so it must be stored in CO2 atmosphere. The purple TiCl3 · 6H2O salt prepared by electrolysis of dilute HCl solution of TiCl4 is relatively stable. It is mainly used as analytical reagent, reductant, polypropylene catalyst, etc.

Synthetic titanium trichloride:

Method 1: TiCl4 and H2 gas are heated to red heat in a tubular furnace and received at the cold end of the tube. It is obtained by decomposition, or by reducing TiCl4 with silver or mercury in a sealed tube, or by electrolysis of TiCl4 aqueous solution.

Method 2: titanium tetrachloride reacts with metal titanium in molten metal chloride medium with low boiling point to obtain low valent titanium salt with saturated concentration of titanium dichloride; Titanium trichloride powder prepared by this method has high purity and good dispersibility.

Titanium trichloride (TiCl3) is an important inorganic compound with the chemical formula TiCl3, commonly in the form of purple crystalline powder or colorless crystals. Its unique chemical properties - strong reducibility, chelating ability, and catalytic activity - make it play a key role in multiple fields such as chemical engineering, materials science, medicine, and analytical chemistry.

Chemical industry: The "core role" of reducing agents and catalysts

 

1. Strong reducing agent or reductant
Reduction of nitro compounds: a key reducing agent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates. For example, in the process of reducing nitrobenzene to aniline, its strong reducibility can accurately break the nitrogen oxygen bond in the nitro group (- NO ₂), generating an amino group (- NH ₂), providing a key step for the development of new drugs such as antibiotics and analgesics.
Metal ion reduction: High valence metal ions (such as Fe ³ ⁺, Cu ² ⁺, V ⁵⁺) can be reduced to low valence states for metal extraction or compound synthesis. For example, in the colorimetric determination of tungsten, it reacts with thiocyanate to form a red complex, and the quantitative analysis of tungsten is achieved through colorimetric method.

 

Nitrate degradation: It can reduce nitrate (NO3 ⁻) in aqueous solution to ammonia (NH3), which can be used for wastewater treatment or soil improvement. For example, in agriculture, it can reduce the nitrate content in soil and minimize the pollution of fertilizers on the environment.
2. Polymerization catalyst
Alpha olefin polymerization: Composed of Nata type catalyst with triethylaluminum or complex catalyst system with dichlorodiethylaluminum, used for the polymerization reaction of alpha olefins such as propylene and ethylene. It has high catalytic activity and can selectively control the molecular chain structure of polymers, producing high-performance plastics such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).

 

Polypropylene synthesis: In polypropylene production, titanium trichloride catalyst can improve the polymerization reaction rate and product stereoregularity, making polypropylene have higher crystallinity and mechanical strength, and widely used in packaging, fiber, automotive parts and other fields.

3. Organic synthesis intermediates
Analysis of azo dyes: As a titrant, the content of azo compounds is determined through oxidation-reduction reactions, providing quality control measures for the dye industry.
Organic titanium compound synthesis: Titanium trichloride powder can react with alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc. to generate organic titanium compounds (such as titanium esters), which are used in coatings, adhesives, plastic additives, and other fields to improve the heat resistance, weather resistance, and mechanical properties of materials.

Materials Science: The 'Innovation Engine' of Nanotechnology and Alloy Preparation

 

1. Preparation of nanomaterials
Nanoparticle control: Titanium trichloride solution can serve as a precursor or stabilizer in the synthesis of nanomaterials, controlling the size and morphology of nanoparticles by adjusting reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, and concentration. For example, in the preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂) nanoparticles, titanium trichloride hydrolyzes to form Ti (OH) ∝, which is further calcined to obtain high specific surface area TiO ₂ for use in fields such as photocatalysis and solar cells.
Special optical materials: Nanomaterials involved in synthesis have unique optical properties, such as quantum dots, photonic crystals, etc., which can be used in high-end fields such as optical communication, sensors, and biological imaging.

 

High performance alloy additive
Microstructure optimization: As an additive in the preparation of high-performance alloys such as titanium alloys and aluminum alloys, it can refine grain size, reduce segregation, and improve the strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance of the alloy. For example, adding this product to titanium alloys used in aircraft engine blades can significantly improve their high-temperature stability and fatigue resistance.
Low cost preparation: As a titanium source, it can replace some high-purity titanium metals, reduce alloy production costs, and promote the widespread application of high-performance alloys in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and other fields.

Pharmaceutical field: potential stocks for antiviral and drug synthesis

 

1. Antiviral Research
Direct inhibition of viruses: Recent studies have shown that in vitro experiments can inhibit the replication of certain viruses, such as influenza virus, coronavirus, etc. The mechanism may be related to the destruction of viral envelope or interference with viral RNA synthesis, providing new directions for the development of antiviral drugs.
Immune regulatory effect: It can activate the human immune system, stimulate T and B cell proliferation, enhance antibody production, and improve the body's resistance to viruses. For example, in animal experiments, titanium trichloride pretreatment can reduce the mortality rate of virus-infected mice.

 

2. Synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates
Antitumor drugs: Precursors of platinum based anti-tumor drugs (such as cisplatin and carboplatin) involved in synthesis generate active platinum complexes through reduction reactions, which disrupt the DNA structure of tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation.
Antibiotic synthesis: In the synthesis of β - lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins), as a reducing agent, it can protect sensitive groups, improve reaction selectivity, and enhance product purity and yield.

Analytical Chemistry: A Precise Tool for Detection and Titration

 

1. Redox titration
Iron content determination: Combined with potassium dichromate titration method, used for the determination of iron content in steel and ore. Its reducibility reduces Fe ³ ⁺ to Fe ² ⁺, and then titrates Fe ² ⁺ with potassium dichromate standard solution. The endpoint is determined by the color change of the indicator, and the method is accurate and reliable.
Titanium content determination: In titanium ore analysis, as a reducing agent, high valent titanium is reduced to Ti ³ ⁺, and the titanium content is determined by potentiometric titration or colorimetric method, providing data support for mineral resource development.

 

2. Colorimetric analysis and spectral detection
Colorimetric determination of tungsten: reacts with thiocyanate to form a red complex, whose absorbance is proportional to the concentration of tungsten. The absorbance is measured by a spectrophotometer to achieve rapid quantitative analysis of tungsten.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy: As a matrix modifier, it can eliminate the influence of interfering elements in the sample, improve the sensitivity and accuracy of atomic absorption spectroscopy in determining metal ions.

Other fields: "Emerging applications" in agriculture and environmental protection

 

1. Agromelioration
Saline alkali land restoration: When used in combination with fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate, it can lower soil pH, replace sodium ions (NaE) in saline alkali soil, improve soil structure, and increase crop yield. For example, in the saline alkali land improvement project in Gansu, the addition of titanium trichloride fertilizer increased rice yield by more than 30% per mu.
Heavy metal passivation: It can form stable complexes with heavy metal ions (such as Cd ² ⁺, Pb ² ⁺) in the soil, reducing their bioavailability and lowering the risk of heavy metal residues in agricultural products.

 

2. Environmental wastewater treatment
Chromium containing wastewater treatment: Highly toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr ⁶⁺) can be reduced to low toxicity trivalent chromium (Cr ³ ⁺), which can be removed by precipitation method to achieve standard discharge of wastewater from industries such as electroplating and leather.
Degradation of organic pollutants: The reducibility of titanium trichloride can destroy the molecular structure of organic pollutants such as dyes and pesticides, reduce their toxicity, and provide an economical and efficient solution for industrial wastewater treatment.

Titanium Trichloride Powder has four crystal forms and a hexahydrate:

(1) A-type TiCl3 is prepared by reducing TiCl4 at high temperature, which has a purple sheet structure and belongs to hexagonal system, with lattice constant a=6.122 × 10-8cm,c=17.52 × 10-8cm. The relative density is 2.64. Decompose at 440 ℃. Boiling point 660 ℃ (14.132 × 103Pa).

(2) Reduction of TiCl4 by alkyl aluminum β- Type TiCl3, brown powder, fibrous structure. In inert gas flow, it turns into α- Type.

(3) Obtained by aluminum reduction of TiCl4 γ- Type TiCl3, red purple layered crystal.

(4) Will γ- Obtained by grinding type TiCl3 δ- Type TiCl3, δ- Type is purple powder with unknown structure, which has higher catalytic performance than other crystal forms of TiCl3.

Melting point 730 ℃ -920 ℃, relative density 2.69, boiling point 660 ℃ (106 × 133.322Pa). It turns purple when dissolved in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, turns blue when heated, and turns purple again when cold. After being stored in air for a long time, it will fade and precipitate metatitanic acid (H2TiO3). Insoluble in ether. Titanium trichloride is a catalyst for many organic chemical reactions and is widely used as the main catalyst for the production of polypropylene. It is used as titrant for azo dye analysis and colorimetric determination of Cu, Fe and V.

In addition to four different crystal forms, titanium trichloride also has a hexahydrate (TiCl3 · 6H2O). Due to the different coordination of ligands, it can be divided into purple stable type and green unstable type. Disproportionation reaction occurs above 450 ℃ to produce titanium dichloride and titanium tetrachloride. Insoluble in benzene, slightly soluble in chloroform, soluble in ethanol. HEXAHYDRATE is light purple crystal. Easy to absorb moisture. Soluble in water. It is slowly oxidized and decolorized in dry air. Hydrate rapidly converted to titanium dichloride in wet air.

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