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Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Ceftiofur, with the chemical name [6R - [6 α, 7 β (Z)] -7- [(2-amino-4-thiazolyl) (methoxyimino) acetyl] amino] -3- [(2-furancarbonyl) thio] methyl] -8-oxo-5-thio-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-en-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, also known as Ceftiofur HCl in English. Its molecular formula is C ₁₉ H ₁₇ N ₅ O ₇ S ∝ · HCl, molecular weight is 560.03, and CAS accession number is 103980-44-5. It is a semi synthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin that is stable with β - lactase and has antibacterial activity.
Dosage form and specifications:
Ceftiofur Hydrochloride Injection, also known as Ceftiofur Hydrochloride, is commonly available in different concentrations calculated based on C19H18ClN5O7S3 ∝, such as 100ml: 10g. It is also packaged in penicillin bottles, such as 4.0g/bottle x 6 bottles/box.
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Additional information of chemical compound:
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Ceftiofur+. COA
Indications
Pig: Used to treat bacterial respiratory diseases in pigs, such as swine streptococcus disease. It can also be used to treat bacterial respiratory diseases in pigs. Cefotaxim is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3-5mg per 1kg body weight once a day for 3-4 consecutive days.
Cattle: can be used to treat postpartum uterine inflammation in cows, etc. Cefotaxim is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously at a dose of 2.2mg per 1kg body weight, once a day for 5 consecutive days.
Cows: Used for the prevention and treatment of dry milk mastitis in cows caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactiae, Streptococcus lactiae, an Escherichia coli.
Usage and dosage:
Intramuscular injection: calculated as cefotaxim, once per pig dose, 3-5 mg per 1 kg body weight, once a day, for 3-4 consecutive days; One dose for cattle, 2.2mg per 1kg body weight, once a day, for 5 consecutive days.
Other: Different ceftiofur hydrochloride injection may have different specific usage and dosage requirements, and should be strictly used according to the product manual.
Cefotaxime hydrochloride is an important veterinary antibiotic with wide applications in veterinary clinical practice. The following provides a detailed introduction to its uses in the treatment of different animal diseases.
Treatment of livestock diseases
Respiratory disease
Cefotaxim hydrochloride has significant therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases in pigs. For example, in the treatment of contagious pleuropneumonia in pigs, its effect is significantly better than that of streptomycin. Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia is a highly contagious and lethal respiratory infectious disease caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Cefotaxim hydrochloride exerts bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, effectively controlling infections and reducing symptoms. Related studies have shown that the use of cefotaxim hydrochloride to treat infectious pleuropneumonia in pigs has an effective rate of 92.7% and a cure rate of 85.3%, which are 21.6% and 27.5% higher than the control group, respectively.
It can also be used to treat other respiratory diseases in pigs, such as swine streptococcus disease. Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic disease caused by various pathogenic Streptococcus suis infections, which can lead to symptoms such as fever and difficulty breathing in pigs. Cefotaxim hydrochloride can quickly reach an effective blood drug concentration, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and promote the recovery of pigs.
Piglet Health Care
Piglets are prone to postpartum diarrhea, clostridial enteritis, streptococcal infections, and respiratory diseases after weaning due to poor feeding conditions, immune deficiencies, and damage caused by production processes such as tooth cutting, tail amputation, castration, and ear piercing, which seriously affect the survival rate and growth and development of piglets. Cefotaxim hydrochloride plays an important role in the "three needle health" of piglets.
Compared with traditional tetracycline, cefotaxim hydrochloride has more advantages. It maintains a longer effective blood drug concentration, is less prone to bacterial resistance, has no immune suppression or injection stimulation, lower toxicity, and stronger antibacterial activity. For example, intramuscular injection of a certain dose of cefotaxim hydrochloride product into piglets at 3, 7, and 21 days of age showed that the survival rate of piglets in the cefotaxim hydrochloride group was 96.7%, the diarrhea rate was only 2.10%, and the daily weight gain could reach 233g. Compared with the long-acting tetracycline composition activity rate of 87.86%, diarrhea rate of 12.82%, and daily weight gain of 201g, there was a significant improvement and enhancement.
Prevention and treatment of postpartum infections in sows
Sows are relatively weak after giving birth and are susceptible to the invasion of pathogens, leading to postpartum infections. Cefotaxim hydrochloride can be used for the prevention and treatment of postpartum infections in sows. Intramuscular injection of 3-5mg per kilogram of body weight, with a small dosage and only one injection, has strong antibacterial effect and high cost-effectiveness. This changes the old tradition of frequent medication during the perinatal period in sows, reduces their stress response, is beneficial for postpartum recovery and milk secretion, and ensures the healthy growth of piglets.
Respiratory disease:
Cefotaxim hydrochloride was first approved by the FDA for respiratory infections in cattle. Because cefotaxim has the highest concentration in kidney and lung tissues after absorption, followed by muscle and fat, it is very suitable for treating respiratory diseases in cattle. It has a good therapeutic effect on acute respiratory infections in cattle, such as bronchopneumonia caused by Pasteurella. Cefotaxim hydrochloride has a drug concentration 2-4 times higher in infected tissues than in normal tissues, showing a selective concentrated distribution and more effective bactericidal effect.
Treatment of mastitis:
Mastitis in dairy cows is a common disease in dairy farming, which seriously affects the milk production and quality of cows. Although the drug concentration of cefotaxim in breast milk is extremely low after intramuscular injection, there are reports that intramuscular injection of cefotaxim hydrochloride is very effective against severe clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli (or major Gram negative bacteria) and does not require milk disposal. For secondary mastitis and systemic infections caused by mastitis, intramuscular injection of cefotaxim hydrochloride is also an ideal choice.
Cefotaxim hydrochloride has significant advantages against Streptococcus lactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and other bacteria that cause mastitis, especially against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is inferior to other drugs. From the perspective of formulation and pharmacology, cefotaxim hydrochloride is produced for breast health during the dry milk period of dairy cows. Long acting antibiotics infused into the breast during the dry period may achieve a complete cure for latent mastitis. For example, experiments were conducted on cattle with high somatic cell count (400000-800000/ml) near the dry milk stage, using benzalkonium chloride breast injection as a control. The results showed that the experimental group using cefotaxim hydrochloride only isolated one strain of Staphylococcus after medication, while a total of 39 sensitive bacteria were detected before medication. Compared with 11 strains detected after benzalkonium chloride medication, cefotaxim hydrochloride had a significantly better effect, and the somatic cell count (SCC) decreased by 28.7% after medication, showing a significant difference.
Treatment of Postpartum Uterine Inflammation:
There have been multiple reports abroad on the use of cefotaxim hydrochloride for the treatment of acute postpartum uterine inflammation in dairy cows. For example, a study used two doses of cefotaxim hydrochloride suspension, 2.2mg/kg and 1.1mg/kg, injected intramuscularly, with physiological saline as the control, to observe the therapeutic effect on cows with uterine inflammation within 14 days postpartum. The cure criteria were that the vagina no longer produced secretions and the rectal temperature was less than 39.5 ℃. The results showed that the cure rate of the high-dose cefotaxim hydrochloride group was 77%, higher than the 65% of the low-dose group and the 60% of the control group.
Poultry disease treatment
Bacterial infectious diseases
Ceftiofur hydrochloride injection is generally used clinically to treat bacterial infectious diseases in poultry. Although there are relatively few detailed public studies on its specific application cases in the treatment of poultry diseases compared to livestock, based on its wide antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity, cefotaxim hydrochloride has potential therapeutic value for common respiratory and digestive tract infections caused by sensitive bacteria in poultry, such as E. coli infections. It can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, alleviate clinical symptoms of poultry, and improve the survival rate and production performance of poultry.
Other uses
The extensive application potential brought by the advantages of long-acting formulations
Cefotaxim hydrochloride injection combines the excellent pharmacological properties of Cefotaxim with the dual advantages of long-lasting sustained-release suspension. Experimental results have shown that its effective action time can reach over 158 hours, making it a truly long-lasting formulation with strong antibacterial activity, excellent in vivo processes, low toxicity and no irritation, and highly stable formulation. This makes it possible for it to play an irreplaceable role in multiple fields of veterinary clinical practice. In addition to the treatment of common livestock and poultry diseases mentioned above, it can also be used for infection prevention and control in some special situations, such as stress infection prevention during animal transportation.
Exploration direction of combined use with other drugs
Although systematic research on the combination of cefotaxim hydrochloride with other drugs is still ongoing, based on its antibacterial mechanism and characteristics, it is expected to be reasonably combined with other drugs in the future to expand the antibacterial spectrum, enhance efficacy, or reduce the development of drug resistance. For example, when used in combination with drugs with different antibacterial mechanisms, it may have better therapeutic effects on some mixed infections or drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, when using combination therapy, it is necessary to fully consider the interactions between drugs to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Preparation process
The market injections are generally cefotaxime hydrochloride injection and cefotaxim sodium injection. The preparation process requires strict control of conditions to ensure the quality and stability of the product.
Quality control
Purity testing: High product purity is an important factor in ensuring drug efficacy and safety. For example, some products have a purity of up to 99.51%.
Stability testing: The product should maintain stability during storage to prevent a decrease in content. It should be packaged with moisture-proof, light proof, and antioxidant properties.
Standard product management: After receiving standard products, the outer packaging should be checked for integrity and sealing, the labels should be clear and complete, and relevant storage records should be filled out in a timely manner. During the storage period of standard products, it is necessary to regularly check whether the standard products have expired. For standard products that are sensitive to light and heat and are prone to volatilization, they should be sealed tightly and stored according to the storage requirements. Adopting a registration system, if it is necessary to use the standard product, detailed information such as the product name, corresponding batch number, quantity, purpose of use, and user must be filled in to clarify the responsible party and ensure that the origin and origin of the use of the standard product can be traced. Timely check whether the benchmark standard products have expired. If they have expired, they need to be collected for timely sales processing.
Research and improvement direction
Improve drug stability
Further research and improve the formulation process to enhance the stability of cefotaxim hydrochloride injection and extend its shelf life. For example, by optimizing packaging materials and storage conditions, the degradation of drugs during storage can be reduced.
Reduce adverse reactions
Conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of adverse reactions of drugs and find ways to reduce them. For example, developing new excipients or improving administration methods to reduce the incidence of allergic reactions and gastrointestinal reactions.
Expand indications
Conduct more clinical trials to explore the application of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection in the treatment of other livestock and poultry diseases, and expand its indications. For example, studying its antibacterial activity against certain emerging livestock and poultry pathogens.
Optimize drug interactions
Further study the interaction between cefotaxim hydrochloride and other drugs to provide more accurate guidance for rational clinical drug use. For example, clarify the contraindications and synergistic effects of its compatibility with commonly used veterinary drugs, in order to avoid the decrease in efficacy or increase in adverse reactions caused by irrational drug use.
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