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Allantoin powder, also known as 5-urea hydantoin or urea acetate lactone, is a white or slightly light blue amorphous crystal. This color is caused by specific functional groups in its molecular structure. Molecular formula C4H6N4O3, CAS 97-59-6. Soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, and dilute sodium hydroxide solution, slightly soluble in water and ethanol, almost insoluble in butyl ether and chloroform. Having bisexual properties, it can form metal salts and adducts with various substances while maintaining its original characteristics. Its saturated aqueous solution (0.6%) is weakly acidic (pH=6), stable in aqueous solutions with pH=4-9, and decomposes in alkaline solutions and prolonged boiling. The pH value of a saturated aqueous solution is 5.5. Allantoin is a well-known cosmetic ingredient that has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This solubility enables the good application of allantoin in various solvents. Having certain optical properties, such as optical rotation and fluorescence. These properties make allantoin have certain application value in the field of optics, such as in the preparation of optical devices, fluorescent probes, etc. Has good biocompatibility and can tightly bind with biological tissues. This property makes it widely used in the pharmaceutical field, such as in the preparation of biomedical materials. Allantoin can weaken cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and increase STZ induced β Cellular vitality. Allantoin can reduce the level of Caspase-3 and increase the expression of phosphorylated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Allantoin has been shown to activate the imidazoline 3 (I3) receptor and is mainly used in medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture.
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Chemical Formula |
C4H6N4O3 |
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Exact Mass |
158 |
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Molecular Weight |
158 |
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m/z |
158 (100.0%), 159 (4.3%), 159 (1.5% |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 30.39; H, 3.83; N, 35.43; O, 30.36 |
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Melting point 230 ° C (Dec.) (lit.), Boiling point 283.17 ° C (rough estimate), Density 1.6031 (rough estimate), Refractive index 1.8500 (estimate), Flash point 230-234 ° C, Storage condition 2-8 ° C, Solubility h2o: soluble0.1g/10 ml, clear, colorless, Acidity coefficient (PKA) 8.96 (at 25 ℃), Form powder, Color white, Slightly soluble in water Freely soluble in alkalis, Decomposition 230-234 ºC, Warning, Hazard description H302,Precautions p301+p312+p330,Dangerous goods sign xn, Xi,Hazard category code 22-36/37/38, Safety instructions 22-24/25-36-26, WGK Germany 1, RTECS No. yt1600000, TSCA Yes.
Allantoin powder is a compound with multiple uses, and it has wide applications in fields such as medicine, cosmetics, and daily chemical industry.
(1) Promoting cell growth and wound healing
Allantoin has the physiological function of promoting cell growth and accelerating wound healing, and is a good healing agent for skin wounds. It can directly act on skin cells, increase and promote the hydration ability of the stratum corneum, soften the keratin, and keep the skin moist, smooth, and flexible. This effect has a significant effect on relieving and treating skin dryness, scaly skin diseases, skin ulcers, etc.
(2) Anti ulcer drugs
Allantoin also has an anti ulcer effect and can be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers and inflammation. It can be mixed with dry aluminum hydroxide gel and has good therapeutic effect on digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
(3) Improving immune function
Allantoin can enhance the phagocytic function of the human immune system, promote macrophage activity, accelerate wound healing, and enhance the liver's ability to clear bacteria and viruses.
This is of great significance for improving the human immune system, preventing infections and diseases.
(4) Reduce inflammatory response
Allantoin has anti-inflammatory effects, can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, alleviate the body's inflammatory response, and alleviate pain symptoms. This has a certain therapeutic effect on treating various inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
(5) Antioxidant effect
Allantoin can eliminate free radicals in the body, reduce the impact of oxidative damage on tissue cells, and protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. This antioxidant effect has potential value in preventing and treating various oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.
(1) Moisturizing agent
Allantoin is a zwitterionic compound that can combine with various substances to form a complex salt. It has the functions of avoiding light, sterilization, anti-corrosion, pain relief, and antioxidant. It can keep the skin hydrated, moisturized, and soft, and is a special additive for cosmetics such as beauty and hair care. By increasing and promoting the hydration ability of the stratum corneum, reducing water loss, the skin becomes smooth, moist, and flexible. This moisturizing effect is of great significance for various skin care products such as face cream, lotion, essence, etc.
(2) Skincare additives
Allantoin and its derivatives are also quality improvers and additives for many daily chemical products. They can be used to prepare various skin care products, such as cleanser, toner, facial mask, etc., to improve the appearance and feel of the skin and make the skin healthier, younger and more energetic.
3. Applications in other fields
(1) Oral products
Allantoin has a certain antibacterial effect and can be used in the preparation of oral products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. It can inhibit the growth of oral bacteria and prevent the occurrence of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.
(2) Anti allergic effect
Allantoin also has an anti allergic effect, which can alleviate symptoms caused by allergic reactions such as redness, swelling, and itching. This has a certain therapeutic effect on treating various allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis.
(3) Biomedical field
Allantoin powder, as a biochemical reagent, also has certain application value in the biomedical field. For example, it can be used to study the mechanisms of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other processes, as well as to develop new drugs and treatment methods.
Allantoin, as a unique biologically active derivative of hydantoin, has applications across multiple industries including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, oral care, agriculture, and biotechnology. Its core value stems from its multiple effects such as promoting cell regeneration, moisturizing and repairing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, and antioxidant.
1. Moisturizing and Barrier Repair
By enhancing the hydration ability of the stratum corneum, a lubricating film is formed to reduce water evaporation. Its mechanism of action includes:
Water absorption: directly acts on keratin, increases the moisture content of the stratum corneum, and makes the skin soft and smooth.
Closure: Form a protective film on the surface of the skin to prevent external stimuli and moisture loss.
Clinical studies have shown that skincare products containing allantoin can increase the moisture content of dry skin by more than 40%, and the effect lasts for 8 hours.
2. Anti inflammatory and Soothing
Has mild anti-inflammatory properties, can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, alleviate symptoms such as redness, swelling, and itching. Its application scenarios include:
Sensitive muscle care: repair damaged barriers, relieve redness and pain.
Postoperative repair: Accelerate skin healing after cosmetic procedures such as laser and microneedling.
Child care: Due to its non irritating nature, it is commonly used in products for infantile eczema and diaper rash.
3. Exfoliation and Metabolic Promotion
Through the action of keratin, it gently exfoliates aged keratin and promotes cell renewal. Its advantages lie in:
Non mechanical exfoliation: Avoid physical friction damage to the skin.
Synergistic effect enhancement: Compound with fruit acid, salicylic acid and other ingredients to improve exfoliating efficiency.
For example, cleansing products containing allantoin can shorten the renewal cycle of the stratum corneum by 30% and improve roughness and dullness.
4. Anti aging and elasticity enhancement
By stimulating collagen synthesis, it enhances skin elasticity and reduces fine lines. The mechanism includes:
Antioxidant: Clears free radicals and delays photoaging.
Promote metabolism: accelerate the shedding of aging cells and maintain skin vitality.
Long term use of allantoin containing anti-aging face cream can increase skin elasticity by 25% and reduce wrinkle depth by 18%.
In the field of medicine: a versatile expert in wound healing and disease treatment
1. Skin trauma repair
It is an FDA approved OTC drug ingredient widely used in:
Burns and ulcers: promote granulation of the epidermis and accelerate healing.
Postoperative scars: soften scar tissue and improve appearance.
Chronic eczema: repair barriers and reduce recurrence.
Clinical data show that the gel containing allantoin can shorten the burn healing time by 5-7 days and reduce the infection rate by 60%.
2. Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases
By neutralizing stomach acid and repairing mucous membranes, it is used for:
Gastric ulcer: compounded with aluminum hydroxide to form a protective layer.
Duodenal ulcer: promotes mucosal regeneration and relieves pain.
Compound allantoin tablets should be taken after meals to avoid excessive neutralization of stomach acid.
3. Ophthalmic applications
Zinc sulfate allantoin eye drops are used for:
Corneal injury: promotes epithelial cell repair.
Conjunctivitis: Anti inflammatory and antibacterial, relieve redness and swelling.
Its transparent liquid formula can reduce irritation and is suitable for long-term use.
Oral care: the "oral guardian" of mucosal repair and antibacterial properties
1. Treatment of oral ulcers
Relieve ulcers through the following mechanisms:
Anti inflammatory: Inhibits inflammatory factors such as IL-6.
Promote healing: stimulate fibroblast proliferation.
Mouthwash containing allantoin can shorten ulcer healing time by 3 days and reduce pain by 50%.
2. Gingivitis prevention
Compound with fluoride, used for:
Dental plaque control: reduce bacterial attachment.
Gingival bleeding: repairing damaged mucosa.
Clinical trials have shown that toothpaste containing allantoin can reduce gingival bleeding index by 40%.
3. Orthodontic care
During orthodontic treatment, you can:
Relieve friction damage: reduce the irritation of brackets on oral mucosa.
Preventing ulcers: forming a protective film to accelerate repair.
Agriculture: The 'Green Engine' for Plant Growth Regulation
1. Growth promotion and yield increase
As a plant growth regulator, allantoin powder enhances efficiency through the following pathways:
Cell division: stimulates lateral root development and increases root absorption area.
Photosynthesis: Increasing chlorophyll content and enhancing light energy conversion.
Stress resistance: induces ABA synthesis, improves drought and salt resistance.
In wheat experiments, treatment with allantoin can increase yield by 15% and 1000 grain weight by 8%.
2. Improvement of fruit quality
Optimize fruits through the following mechanisms:
Uniform coloring: promotes anthocyanin synthesis and enhances skin brightness.
Sugar accumulation: enhances amylase activity and increases soluble solids content.
In citrus experiments, treatment with allantoin can increase the soluble sugar content of the fruit by 12% and reduce the number of fruit pits by 30%.
3. Disease resistance and preservation
Extend shelf life through the following methods:
Antibacterial: destroys the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria and reduces decay.
Antioxidant: Clears free radicals and delays fruit flesh browning.
In post harvest processing of strawberries, a solution of allantoin can extend the shelf life by 5-7 days.
Bioengineering and Research: The 'Key Raw Materials' for Technological Innovation
1. Cell culture medium additives
As a nutritional factor, it is used for:
Stem cell expansion: promotes proliferation and maintains stemness.
Organizational engineering: supports cell attachment of 3D bioprinted scaffolds.
2. Drug delivery system
By forming a low eutectic solvent, enhance:
Difficult to dissolve drug loading: for example, the solubility of anticancer drug paclitaxel increases by 10 times.
Transdermal absorption rate: enhances drug penetration through hydrogen bonding.
3. Development of environmentally friendly materials
Allantoin based hydrogels are used for:
Wound dressing: biodegradable, reducing secondary damage.
Agricultural slow-release fertilizer: Control nutrient release and improve utilization efficiency.
The synthetic allantoin powder is prepared from glyoxal by hydrogen peroxide oxidation and urea condensation. Heteropoly acid phosphotungstic acid is used as oxidation catalyst, which not only overcomes the shortcomings of environmental pollution and equipment corrosion caused by toxic gas escape, but also realizes simple process operation, high allantoin yield and high industrial application prospect.
1. Synthesis of glyoxylic acid: add 0.25 mol (45ml) of 30% glyoxal aqueous solution to the reactor, place it in a 5 "c~8 ° C water bath, slowly add FeSO, saturated solution (30m1) and 30% H2O2 solution (30ml) simultaneously with two drop feeders, start the agitator, control the feeding speed, and keep the reaction temperature within 5c~8" C. After 2h~3h feeding, continue stirring for 0 5h~1h, standing.
2. Synthesis of allantoin: directly add 0.5g of catalyst phosphotungstic acid and 30g of urea (added twice) into the condensation reactor, and react for 2h at 75c~80c; After the reaction, cool the condensate to room temperature for filtration and collect white precipitates; The precipitate is boiled in 95 "C distilled water for 0.5h (recrystallization); then the insoluble impurities are removed by hot filtration, and the filtrate is collected. After the filtrate is cooled to room temperature, it is filtered to obtain white crystal, which is refined allantoin
Step 1:
CHO-CHO+ H2O2→CHOCOOH+ H2O
CHO-CHO+ 2H2O,→COOH-COOH+ 2H2O (side effect)
Step 2:
CHOCOOH+ 2CO(NH2) Z → C4H6N4O3+ 2H2O.
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