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Acriflavine powder is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H14ClN3 and CAS 8048-52-0. It appears as a reddish brown or orange red crystalline powder with a melting point of 179-181 ℃. It is easily soluble in water and ethanol, but almost insoluble in chloroform, ether, and oils. The solution is orange red in color and has fluorescence after dilution. This substance is classified as a Group 3 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (not yet classified as carcinogenic to humans). It is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug mainly used to treat bacterial infections in animals. It can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of various bacteria, including Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria. Its applications include staining in cell biology experiments, as well as antibacterial effects as acridine dyes, commonly used to treat skin and mucosal infections, but its aplication is limited due to its staining characteristics. Wear protective equipment when using, avoid contact with skin or eyes, rinse immediately and seek medical attention after contact. This compound has high toxicity to aquatic organisms and may cause water pollution. Waste should be disposed of according to hazardous material regulations.
Our product
Additional information of chemical compound:
| Product Name | Acriflavine Cream | Acriflavine Powder | Acriflavine Tablets |
| Product Type | Cream | Powder | Tablets |
| Product Purity | ≥99% | ≥99% | ≥99% |
| Product Specifications | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
| Product Package | Customizable | Customizable | Customizable |
Our Product
Acriflavine+. COA
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Certificate of Analysis |
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Compound name |
Acriflavine | |
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CAS No. |
590-63-6 | |
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Grade |
Pharmaceutical grade | |
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Quantity |
Customized | |
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Packaging standard |
Customized | |
| Manufacturer | Shaanxi BLOOM TECH Co., Ltd | |
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Lot No. |
20250109001 |
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MFG |
Jan 12th 2025 |
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EXP |
Jan 8th 2029 |
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Structure |
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| TEST STANDARD | GB/T24768-2009 Industry. Stnndard | |
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Item |
Enterprise standard |
Analysis result |
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Appearance |
White or almost white powder |
Conformed |
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Water content |
≤4.5% |
0.30% |
| Loss on drying |
≤1.0% |
0.15% |
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Heavy Metals |
Pb≤0.5ppm |
N.D. |
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As≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Hg≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Cd≤0.5ppm |
N.D. | |
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Purity (HPLC) |
≥99.0% |
99.5% |
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Single impurity |
<0.8% |
0.48% |
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Residue on ignition |
<0.20% |
0.064% |
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Total microbial count |
≤750cfu/g |
80 |
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E. Coli |
≤2MPN/g |
N.D. |
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Salmonella |
N.D. | N.D. |
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Ethanol (by GC) |
≤5000ppm |
400ppm |
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Storage |
Store in a sealed, dark and dry place at-20 degrees |
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Acriflavine powder, as a compound with important biological activity, has always been a focus of attention in the field of chemial research in terms of its synthesis method. At present, the synthesis of Acriflavine is mainly achieved through chemial modification of acridine componds. The following will provide a detailed introduction to several common synthesis methods.
Method 1: Chemial modification synthesis based on acridine
(1) Synthesis principle
Acridine componds have unique planar structures, and the nitrogen atoms and aromatic ring systems in their molecules provide active sites for chemial modification. By introducing specific substituents on the acridne ring, acridne yellow derivatives with different properties and functions can be synthesized. Acridne yellow is usually prepared by reacting acridne componds with reagents containing active groups such as amino or halogen groups, and introducing corresponding substituents on the acridne ring.
(2) Specific synthesis steps
Acridine: As a starting material, its purity and quality need to be ensured to reduce impurity interference in subsequent rections. Acridne can be prepared by coal tar separation or organic synthesis methods.
Chloroacetyl chloride or bromoacetyl bromide: As reagents for introducing substituents, they have high reactivity and can undergo substitution ractions with acridine.
Dissolve acridne in a suitable organic solvent, such as dichloromethane or chloroform, and slowly add chloroacetyl chloride or bromoacetyl bromide dropwise under low temperature (usually 0-5 ℃) and stirring conditions. Strict control of droplet acceleration is required during the raction process to avoid the occurrence of side ractions caused by excessive local concentration.
After a period of raction, raise the temperature of the raction system to room temperature and continue stirring the raction for several hours to allow the raction to proceed fully. After the raction is complete, the raction mixture is subjected to post-treatment through extraction, washing, drying, and other steps to obtain acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide derivatives of acridne.
Dissolve the obtained acridine acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide derivatives in an organic solvent and add excess diethylamine or other amine componds. The raction is carried out at room temperature or under heating conditions, and the raction time depends on the specific situation.
During the raction process, acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide undergoes nucleophilic substitution rection with amine componds to generate amide derivatives of acridine. After the raction is complete, post-treatment is also required, including extraction, washing, drying, and recrystallization steps, to obtain high-purity acridine amide intermediates.
Perform cyclization rection on the intermediate of acridne amide under acidic conditions to generate acridne yellow. Common acidic catalysts include concentrated sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid, etc. The raction is carried out under heating conditions, and the temperature and time need to be optimized according to the specific raction system.
During the cyclization raction, the intermediate of acridne amide undergoes intramolecular cyclization, forming the structure of acridne yellow. After the raction is complete, the final product of acridine yellow is obtained through steps such as neutralization, extraction, washing, drying, and recrystallization.
Method 2: Synthesis based on 3,6-diaminoacridine
(1) Synthesis principle
3,6-diaminoacridine is an important intermediate for the synthesis of acriflavine powder. By chemically modifying the amino group of 3,6-diaminoacridine, specific substituents can be introduced to synthesize acridne yellow. This method utilizes the nucleophilicity of amino groups, allowing them to react with various electrophilic reagents.
(2) Specific synthesis steps
3,6-diaminoacridine can be synthesized through steps such as nitration and reduction of acridne. Firstly, acridne is subjected to nitration reation in a mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, and a nitro group is introduced at the 3,6 position of the acridne ring to obtain 3,6-dinitroacridine.
Then, 3,6-dinitroacridine is subjected to a reduction rection with a reducing agent (such as iron powder, stannous chloride, etc.) to reduce the nitro group to an amino group, resulting in 3,6-diaminoacridine.
Dissolve 3,6-diaminoacridine in a suitable organic solvent and add excess methyl chloroformate or other acyl chloride reagents. The rection is carried out under low temperature (0-5 ℃) and stirring conditions. After a period of time, the temperature is raised to room temperature to continue the rection.
Amino groups undergo nucleophilic substitution ractions with acyl chlorides to form amide derivatives of 3,6-diaminoacridine. After the raction is complete, the raction mixture is subjected to post-treatment through extraction, washing, drying, and other steps to obtain the amide intermediate.
Ring closing raction of amide intermediate under alkaline conditions to generate acridne yellow. Common alkaline catalysts include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. The raction is carried out under heating conditions, causing intramolecular cyclization raction of the amide intermediate to form the structure of acridne yellow.
After the reacton is complete, the final product of acridne yellow is obtained through steps such as acidification, extraction, washing, drying, and recrystallization.
Method 3: Synthesis Method Based on Acridone
(1) Synthesis principle
Acridone has a ketone carbonyl group, which can be condensed with amine componds to form imine intermediates, and then synthesized into acridine yellow through reduction and other steps. This method utilizes the reactivity of ketone carbonyl groups to construct the structure of acridne yellow through a series of chemial reations.
(2) Specific synthesis steps
Synthesis of Acridone
Acriflavine powder can be synthesized through the oxidation raction of acridine. Dissolve acridne in an appropriate solvent, add oxidants (such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, etc.), and perform an oxidation raction at a certain temperature and raction conditions to oxidize one carbon atom on the acridne ring to a carbonyl group, producing acridone.
Condensation reaction
Dissolve acridone in an organic solvent and add excess diethylamine or other amine componds. The rection is carried out under heating conditions, and the ketone carbonyl of acridone undergoes condensation raction with amine componds to produce imine intermediates.
During the reacton process, it is necessary to control the raction temperature and time to ensure the smooth progress of the reacton. After the reacton is complete, the rection mixture is subjected to post-treatment through extraction, washing, drying, and other steps to obtain the imine intermediate.
Reduction reaction
Under the action of reducing agents such as sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride, the imine intermediate undergoes a reduction reactin to reduce the imine bond to an amino group, resulting in the formation of acridne yellow. The reacton is carried out under low temperature (0-5 ℃) and stirring conditions. After the reactin is completed, the final product of acridne yellow is obtained through steps such as acidification, extraction, washing, drying, and recrystallization.
(3) Advantages and disadvantages of the method
Advantages: This method utilizes the chemial reactivity of acridone, and the synthetic route has a certain degree of innovation, which can provide new ideas for the synthesis of acridne yellow.
Disadvantages: The oxidation reactin conditions of acridone are relatively strict, requiring strict control of the amount of oxidant and reactio conditions to avoid excessive oxidation or other side reactins; The reducing agent used in the reduction reactio is expensive and has a certain degree of danger, requiring strict safety operations.
Method 4: Exploration of Green Synthesis Methods
(1) Microwave assisted synthesis
Principle:
Microwave assisted synthesis is the use of microwave energy to accelerate chemial reactons. Microwaves can enable reactant molecules to quickly absorb energy, increase the temperature and pressure of the rection system, thereby accelerating the raction rate and shortening the rection time.
Application:
In the synthesis of Acriflavine, microwave-assisted synthesis can be applied to steps such as substitution rections and cyclization ractions. For example, in the substitution rection of acridne with chloroacetyl chloride, placing the reactants in a microwave reactor and conducting the raction under appropriate microwave power and rection time can significantly improve the rection rate and yield.
(2) Ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis
Principle:
Ionic liquid is a type of ionic compound that exists in a liquid state at or near room temperature, with good solubility, thermal stability, and designability. Ionic liquids can serve as catalysts or solvents, participate in chemial rections, and improve the selectivity and yield of the raction.
Application:
In the synthesis of Acriflavine, ionic liquids can be used for substitution ractions, cyclization ractions, and other steps. For example, in the substitution raction of 3,6-diaminoacridine with methyl chloroformate, using ionic liquids as solvents and catalysts can increase the raction rate and yield while reducing the use of organic solvents.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages: Ionic liquids have recyclability and reusability, which can reduce environmental pollution; Mild rection conditions and good selectivity.
Disadvantages: The synthesis cost of ionic liquids is relatively high, and some ionic liquids may have certain toxicity, requiring safety assessment.
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